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Patel F, Kotadiya R, Patel R, Patel M. Development and Validation of a New Reversed Phase HPLC Method for the Quantitation of Azithromycin and Rifampicin in a Capsule Formulation. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:742-750. [PMID: 38493305 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This research aimed to develop a new method for simultaneously estimating the presence of azithromycin (AZT) and rifampicin (RIF) in a capsule formulation using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The developed method utilized a Gemini column with a 60:40% v/v acetonitrile and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mobile phase, a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and an injection volume of 20 μL. The detection wavelengths of 210 and 254 nm for AZT and RIF, respectively, were used. Validation ensures specificity with a peak purity index > 0.99999 for AZT and >0.99995 for RIF, affirming unambiguous analyte detection. The system suitability test, within acceptable limits, validates method reliability. Linearity calibration curves (R2 = 0.998) cover a 25-150% target concentration range. Accuracy studies employing the standard addition method yield recovery values between 96.6 and 103.9% for both drugs, confirming method accuracy. Precision studies reveal % relative standard deviation values consistently below 2%, highlighting reproducibility. Robustness testing supports method reliability under varying conditions. Application to a pharmaceutical capsule formulation demonstrates the method's practicality, accurately quantifying AZT (98.30%) and RIF (99.37%). This study provides a validated analytical approach for simultaneous quantification in commercial pharmaceutical products containing both drugs, enhancing pharmaceutical quality control for critical antibiotics in complex formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foram Patel
- Department of Quality Assurance, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Dist-Anand, Gujarat 388421, India
| | - Rajendra Kotadiya
- Department of Quality Assurance, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Dist-Anand, Gujarat 388421, India
| | - Rashmin Patel
- Department of Quality Assurance, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Dist-Anand, Gujarat 388421, India
| | - Mrunali Patel
- Department of Quality Assurance, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Dist-Anand, Gujarat 388421, India
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Raimalani J, Kotadiya R. Separation and quantification of azelnidipine and chlorthalidone in a synthetic mixture using optimized HPTLC method. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024; 82:53-63. [PMID: 37541616 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A simple, accurate, and reliable high-performance thin-layer chromatographic technique has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of azelnidipine and chlorthalidone in bulk and synthetic mixtures. MATERIAL AND METHODS The procedure was carried out using a precoated silica gel 60 F254 TLC plate with a mobile phase of chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol in the ratio of 6.5:3.5:0.6 (by volume). Thin-layer chromatographic densitometry at 240nm was used to quantify medicines chromatographically. RESULTS Over concentration ranges of 250.0 to 1000.0ng/band for chlorthalidone and 160.0 to 640.0ng/band for azelnidipine, the high-performance thin-layer chromatography technique was quantitated. This technique produced a tight and well-resolved band at retention factors of 0.67±0.02 and 0.24±0.02 for azelnidipine and chlorthalidone, respectively. Data from a linear regression study calibrating this method revealed a strong linear correlation between the two approaches, with regression coefficients of r2>0.99 for both. According to The International Conference for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use requirements, the procedures were validated for precision, robustness, accuracy, and specificity. CONCLUSION The developed method was also used to simultaneously estimate azelnidipine and chlorthalidone in a synthetic mixture. The results were found to be in exemplary % assay with label claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Raimalani
- Department of Quality assurance, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, CHARUSAT Campus, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), 388421 Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajendra Kotadiya
- Department of Quality assurance, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, CHARUSAT Campus, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), 388421 Anand, Gujarat, India.
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Magdy G, Ebrahim S, Belal F, El-Domany RA, Abdel-Megied AM. Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for the determination of some pharmaceutically-important nitro compounds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5502. [PMID: 37015951 PMCID: PMC10073125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, highly fluorescent sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots (SN-CQDs) were synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method using thiosemicarbazide and citric acid as starting materials. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were applied to characterize the prepared SN-CQDs. The synthesized SN-CQDs' maximum fluorescence emission was obtained at 430 nm after excitation at 360 nm. Rifampicin (RFP), tinidazole (TNZ), ornidazole (ONZ), and metronidazole (MNZ) all quantitatively and selectively quenched the SN-CQDs' native fluorescence, which was the base-for their-spectrofluorimetric estimation without the need for any tedious pre-treatment steps or high-cost instrumentation. SN-CQDs demonstrated a "turn-off" fluorescence response to RFP, TNZ, ONZ, and MNZ over the ranges of 1.0-30.0, 10.0-200.0, 6.0-200.0, and 5.0-100.0 μM with detection limits of 0.31, 1.76, 0.57, and 0.75 μM and quantitation limits of 0.93, 5.32, 1.74, and 2.28 μM respectively. The suggested method was successfully used to determine the investigated drugs in their commercial dosage forms. The method was further extended to their determination in spiked human plasma samples, with satisfactory mean % recoveries (99.44-100.29) and low % RSD values (< 4.52). The mechanism of fluorescence quenching was studied and discussed. The suggested method was validated in accordance with ICH recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Ebrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A El-Domany
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, 21210, USA
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Noor H, David IG, Jinga ML, Popa DE, Buleandra M, Iorgulescu EE, Ciobanu AM. State of the Art on Developments of (Bio)Sensors and Analytical Methods for Rifamycin Antibiotics Determination. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:976. [PMID: 36679772 PMCID: PMC9863535 DOI: 10.3390/s23020976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the literature data reported from 2000 up to the present on the development of various electrochemical (voltammetric, amperometric, potentiometric and photoelectrochemical), optical (UV-Vis and IR) and luminescence (chemiluminescence and fluorescence) methods and the corresponding sensors for rifamycin antibiotics analysis. The discussion is focused mainly on the foremost compound of this class of macrocyclic drugs, namely rifampicin (RIF), which is a first-line antituberculosis agent derived from rifampicin SV (RSV). RIF and RSV also have excellent therapeutic action in the treatment of other bacterial infectious diseases. Due to the side-effects (e.g., prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria, hepatotoxicity) of long-term RIF intake, drug monitoring in patients is of real importance in establishing the optimum RIF dose, and therefore, reliable, rapid and simple methods of analysis are required. Based on the studies published on this topic in the last two decades, the sensing principles, some examples of sensors preparation procedures, as well as the performance characteristics (linear range, limits of detection and quantification) of analytical methods for RIF determination, are compared and correlated, critically emphasizing their benefits and limitations. Examples of spectrometric and electrochemical investigations of RIF interaction with biologically important molecules are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Noor
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University Sibiu, Lucian Blaga Street 25, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Iulia Gabriela David
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Lorena Jinga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Elena Popa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Buleandra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia Elena Iorgulescu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela Magdalena Ciobanu
- Department of Psychiatry “Prof. Dr. Al. Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Berceni Av. 10, District 4, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Neurosciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Shah J, Kotadiya R. A Critical Review on Analytical Methods for Recently Approved FDC Drugs: Pregabalin and Etoricoxib. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:1048-1068. [PMID: 33307732 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1855411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) refer to products containing two or more active ingredients combined in a single dosage form. The FDCs are justified because of several advantages. These are a) potentiating therapeutic efficacy, b) reducing the incidences of adverse drug effects, c) having pharmacokinetic advantages, d) reducing pills burden, e) reducing the dose of individual drugs and f) decreasing the drug resistance development. A recently approved FDC of Pregabalin IP (75 mg) and Etoricoxib (60 mg) recommended to control neuropathic chronic back pain. Analytical methods are available for individual quantitation of pregabalin (PGB) and etoricoxib (ETC), but an effective and reliable analytical method has not been reported for their combination. Thus, the objective of this literature survey was to gather information on various analytical instrumental methods used so far for the individual quantitation of PGB and ETC in various matrices. Such data would be useful to the scientific community to develop a novel analytical method for the analysis of recently approved FDC of PGB and ETC. Various scientific databases were explored to meet the objectives, and the information is synchronized. The reported methods are high-performance liquid chromatography (48% & 53%), hyphenated techniques (54% & 21%), spectroscopy (50% & 34%), and high-performance thin-layer chromatography, or thin-layer chromatography (6% & 13%) for pregabalin and etoricoxib, respectively. All these methods were specific and selective for the analysis of individual drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janvi Shah
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajendra Kotadiya
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India
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