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Talarico F, Tilocca B, Spagnuolo R, Abenavoli L, Luzza F, Roncada P. The effects of stress on gut virome: Implications on infectious disease and systemic disorders. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1434. [PMID: 39311537 PMCID: PMC11418023 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in health and disease is being thoroughly examined in various contexts, with a specific focus on the bacterial fraction due to its significant abundance. However, despite their lower abundance, viruses within the gut microbiota are gaining recognition for their crucial role in shaping the structure and function of the intestinal microbiota, with significant effects on the host as a whole, particularly the immune system. Similarly, environmental factors such as stress are key in modulating the host immune system, which in turn influences the composition of the gut virome and neurological functions through the bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis. In this context, alterations in the host immune system due to stress and/or dysbiosis of the gut virome are critical factors in the development of both infectious and noninfectious diseases. The molecular mechanisms and correlation patterns between microbial species are not yet fully understood. This literature review seeks to explore the interconnected relationship between stress and the gut virome, with a focus on how this interaction is influenced by the host's immune system. We also discuss how disturbances in this finely balanced system can lead to the onset and/or progression of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity “Magna Graecia”CatanzaroItaly
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity “Magna Graecia”CatanzaroItaly
| | | | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity “Magna Graecia”CatanzaroItaly
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity “Magna Graecia”CatanzaroItaly
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Iaquinta FS, Mauro D, Pantano I, Naty S, Iacono D, Gaggiano E, Riccio L, Ciccia F, Grembiale RD, Spagnuolo R. Gastrointestinal Symptoms Impact Psychosocial Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093248. [PMID: 37176688 PMCID: PMC10179391 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic Inflammatory Arthritis (IA), such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Spondyloarthritis (SpA) are more likely to experience psychosocial impairment. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are also present, especially in Spondyloarthritis. No data are available on the relationship between gut and brain manifestations and their impact on daily activities in this setting; thus, this study aimed to assess these symptoms in an IA population and identify potential associations. IA patients and a control group were enrolled. The Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Instrument System (PROMIS®) questionnaire was used to evaluate GI and psychosocial domains. The study included 389 subjects (238 controls and 151 with IA); demographic and clinical data were collected for each participant. IA patients reported both higher psychosocial and GI impairment compared with controls. The logistic regression model revealed a strong association between depression and belly pain (p = 0.035), diarrhea (p = 0.017), bloating (p = 0.018), and reflux (p = 0.01); anxiety was associated with belly pain (p = 0.004), diarrhea (p = 0.019), swallowing alterations (p = 0.004), flatulence (p < 0.001) and reflux (p = 0.008). Moreover, fatigue, sleep disorders, and pain interference were associated with almost all GI symptoms, whereas high physical function scores and satisfaction in social roles decreased the odds of most GI symptoms. IA patients had more significant impairment in both dimensions compared with controls. To address reported symptoms and improve the overall quality of life in rheumatologic patients, a new holistic approach is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Mauro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pantano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Saverio Naty
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Iacono
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gaggiano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Riccio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Daniela Grembiale
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Pavia G, Spagnuolo R, Quirino A, Marascio N, Giancotti A, Simeone S, Cosco C, Tino E, Carrabetta F, Di Gennaro G, Nobile C, Bianco A, Matera G, Doldo P. COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Shot Preserves T Cells Immune Response Based on Interferon-Gamma Release Assay in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Patients on Anti-TNFα Treatment. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030591. [PMID: 36992175 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-modifying treatment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) impairs the humoral response. The role of T lymphocytes in this setting is still unclear. This study aims to assess if a booster shot (third dose) of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine enhanced the humoral response and elicited cellular immunity in IBD patients on different immuno-therapy regimens compared to healthy controls (HCs). Five months after a booster dose, serological and T-cell responses were assessed. The measurements were described using geometric means with 95% confidence intervals. The differences between study groups were assessed by Mann–Whitney tests. Seventy-seven subjects (n = 53 IBD patients and n = 24 HCs), who were fully vaccinated and not previously SARS-CoV-2 infected, were recruited. Regarding the IBD patients, 19 were affected by Crohn’s disease and 34 by ulcerative colitis. During the vaccination cycle, half of the patients (53%) were on stable treatment with aminosalicylates, and 32% were on biological therapy. No differences in antibody concentrations between IBD patients and HCs, nor T-cell responses, were found. Stratifying IBD patients based on the type of treatment (anti-TNFα agents vs. other treatment regimens), a decrease only in antibody titer (p = 0.008), but not in cellular response, was observed. Even after the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose, the TNFα inhibitors selectively decreased the humoral immune response compared to patients on other treatment regimens. The T-cell response was preserved in all study groups. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating T-cell immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination in a routine diagnostic setting, particularly for immunocompromised cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Pavia
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro-"Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro-"Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Quirino
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro-"Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro-"Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Aida Giancotti
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro-"Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Silvio Simeone
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro-"Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Cosco
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro-"Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Tino
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro-"Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federico Carrabetta
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro-"Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Gennaro
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmelo Nobile
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Aida Bianco
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro-"Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Patrizia Doldo
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro-"Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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