In Vitro Antitumor Evaluation of Some Hybrid Molecules Containing Coumarin and Quinolinone Moieties

In vitro anti-breast cancer study of hybrid cinnamic acid derivatives bearing 2-thiohydantoin moiety

Aim: To synthesize new hybrid cinnamic acids (10a, 10b and 11) and ester derivatives (7, 8 and 9) and investigate their anti-breast cancer activities.Materials & methods: Compounds 7-11 were evaluated (in vitro) for their cytotoxic activities against the MCF-7 cell line. A flow cytometry examination was performed. Protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), topoisomerase II and caspase-9 were measured by qRT-PCR. Molecular docking studies were conducted.Results: Several components were discovered to be active, mainly component 11, which induced arrest in the cell cycle at phase S, greatly decreased the expression of Nrf2 and topoisomerase II; and upregulated the expression of caspase-9.Conclusion: The newly thiohydantoin-cinnamic acid hybrids can contribute to creating promising candidates for cancer drugs.

In vitro cytotoxic investigation of some synthesized 1,6-disubstituted-1-azacoumarin derivatives as anticancer agents

Aims: In this study, novel synthesized 1,6-disubstituted-1-azacoumarin-3-carboxylic acid derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential anticancer agents. Materials & methods: The cytotoxicity of novel 1-azacoumarin-3-carboxylic acid derivatives was tested using an MTT assay. High potency was shown by DNA flow cytometry on MCF-7 cells for compound 3b. In addition, topoisomerase IIβ, caspase 3/7, Bax and Bcl-2 enzymes were used to study apoptotic activity. In the same studies, molecular docking analysis assessed activity. Results & conclusion: Cytotoxicity screening identified multiple bioactive compounds, especially compound 3b. Analysis of DNA flow cytometry revealed that compound 3b exhibited cell cycle arrest. Compound 3b had an increase in the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase 3/7, and a decrease in topoisomerase IIβ enzyme inhibition.

Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of some coumarin and azacoumarin derivatives

Coumarin and its nitrogen analogue 1-aza coumarin are a class of lactones and lactams, respectively, which are indispensable heterocyclic units to both chemists and biochemists. 1-Aza coumarin derivatives, which ultimately metabolize as the corresponding 8-hydroxy coumarins in the biological system are therefore found to be very good anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and analgesic agents. A series of hybrid substituted coumarin and azacoumarin-3-carboxylic acid derivatives (8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (4a), 8-methoxyazacoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (4b), 5-bromo-8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (5a), 5-bromo-8-methoxyazacoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (5b), 2-acetoxy-5-bromo-8-methoxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (6), and 5,7-di(phenylazo)-8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (7) were synthesized and structurally proved using spectral and elemental analysis data. Substituted coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (4a and 5a) and Substituted azacoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (4b, 5b and 6) were tested for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cell lines.

In Vivo Biological Evaluation of Ethyl 4-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoquinolin-1- ylamino)-coumarin-3-carboxylate as an Antitumor Agent

BACKGROUND

Hybridization of coumarin moiety with additional antitumor pharmacophores is an auspicious stratagem to afford precious therapeutic interference for the medication of cancer.

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity of ethyl 4-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2- oxoquinolin-1-ylamino)-coumarin-3-carboxylate against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells in the peritoneal cavity of female mice.

METHODOLOGY

Molecular docking was used to predict the binding between the test compound and the receptor of breast cancer mutant 3HB5-oxidoreductase, as well as the viability of tumor cells and life span prolongation. The total anti-oxidant capacity was evaluated in the liver and kidneys. Serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, albumin, total protein, creatinine, and urea were estimated. The concentrations of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured in the liver and kidney tissues. Histopathological examination of the liver and kidney tissues was also carried out.

RESULTS

EAC-bearing mice injected with the test compound showed a highly significant decrease in tumor cell viability by 100%, compared to the EAC control. Also, it exhibited significant anti-oxidant and apoptotic agents through the results of total anti-oxidant capacity and apoptosis assays. Confirmed by histological examination, the results of the liver and kidney function tests revealed that the test compound had no harmful effect on either of the organs. The docking investigation disclosed an auspicious interaction between the test compound and the receptor (3HB5). To confirm these results, correlations between different parameters were carried out. It was found that there were significant positive and negative correlations between the parameters.

CONCLUSION

Hybrid molecules containing coumarin and quinolinone exhibited a potential antitumor effect against EAC cells by the induction of apoptosis and anti-oxidant activities. Results of liver and kidney function tests and the histopathological study revealed that the administration of the test compound nullified most of the pathological alterations induced by EAC cells in mice. Based on these findings, the test compound can be developed as an effective chemotherapeutic agent.

In Vitro Anticancer Evaluation of Some Synthesized 2H-Quinolinone and Halogenated 2H-Quinolinone Derivatives as Therapeutic Agents

BACKGROUND

Searching for new cytotoxic agents with apoptosis induction may represent a viable strategy for cancer treatment to overcome the increased resistance to available anticancer agents.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of the current study was aimed at preparation and anticancer evaluation of two new series of 2H-quinolinone and halogenated 2H-quinolinone derivatives against two cancer cell lines.

METHODS

Two new series of 2H-quinolinone and halogenated 2H-quinolinone derivatives were prepared and screened for their cytotoxicity against breast MCF-7 and liver HepG-2 cancer cell lines as well as normal breast MCF-10a.

RESULTS

The tested molecules revealed good cytotoxicity and selectivity toward cancer cell lines relative to normal cells. These compounds were analyzed by DNA flow cytometry on MCF-7 cells. They were found to cause G2/M phase arrest and induced apoptosis at the pre-G1 phase. In addition, increased caspase 3/7 activity and decreased osteopontin expression verified the apoptotic activity.

CONCLUSION

The potent compounds discovered in this study can be a hit for the discovery of new cytotoxic agents and are worthy of further investigation.

Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity screening of new synthesized imidazolidine-2-thiones as VEGFR-2 enzyme inhibitors

A series of imidazolin-2-thione derivatives was synthesized and structurally confirmed through the use of different spectroscopic techniques such as infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry along with elemental analyses. The breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was utilized in the evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of the prepared molecules. The tested molecules 3 and 7 exhibited the best results on MCF-7 cells, with mean IC₅₀ values of 3.26 and 4.31 µM, respectively. The results of the VEGFR-2 assay indicated that compounds 3 and 7 displayed a good inhibition of the VEGFR-2 kinase enzyme. Additionally, DNA flow cytometry of compounds 3 and 7 showed cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, cell apoptosis, and marked DNA fragmentation in MCF-7 cells. Finally, compounds 3 and 7 were proved to upregulate the activation of effector caspase-3/7, as presented by the caspase-3/7 green flow cytometry assay.