1
|
Tsiftsoglou OS, Krigas N, Gounaris C, Papitsa C, Nanouli M, Vartholomatos E, Markopoulos GS, Isyhou R, Alexiou G, Lazari D. Isolation of Secondary Metabolites from Achillea grandifolia Friv. (Asteraceae) and Main Compounds' Effects on a Glioblastoma Cellular Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051383. [PMID: 37242625 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims at the isolation and structural determination of the secondary metabolites of the herbaceous perennial plant Achillea grandifolia Friv. (Asteraceae). The examination of the non-volatile content of the leaves and flowers of A. grandifolia afforded the isolation of sixteen secondary metabolites. On the basis of NMR spectra, the identified compounds included ten sesquiterpene lactones; three guaianolides-rupicolin A (1), rupicolin B (2), and (4S,6aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-4,6a,9-trihydroxy-9-methyl-3,6-dimethylene-3a,4,5,6,6a,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno [4,5-b]furan-2-one (3); two eudesmanolides-artecalin (4) and ridentin B (5); two sesquiterpene methyl esters-(1S,2S,4αR,5R,8R,8αS)-decahydro-1,5,8-trihydroxy-4α,8-dimethyl-methylene-2-naphthaleneacetic acid methylester (6) and 1β, 3β, 6α-trihydroxycostic acid methyl ester (7); three secoguaianolides-acrifolide (8), arteludovicinolide A (9), and lingustolide A (10); and an iridoid-loliolide (11). Moreover, five known flavonoids, i.e., apigenin, luteolin, eupatolitin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, and luteolin 7-O-glucoside (12-16) were also purified from the aerial parts of the plant material. We also investigated the effect of rupicolin A (1) and B (2) (main compounds) on U87MG and T98G glioblastoma cell lines. An MTT assay was performed to define cytotoxic effects and to calculate the IC50, while flow cytometry was employed to analyze the cell cycle. The IC50 values of reduced viability during the 48 h treatment for compound (1) and (2) were 38 μM and 64 μM for the U87MG cells and 15 μM and 26 μM for the T98G cells, respectively. Both rupicolin A and B induced a G2/M cell cycle arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Christos Gounaris
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Papitsa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Nanouli
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Georgios S Markopoulos
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Haematology Laboratory-Unit of Molecular Biology and Translational Flow Cytometry, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Rafaela Isyhou
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Alexiou
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Accurate Characterization of Bladder Cancer Cells with Intraoperative Flow Cytometry. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215440. [PMID: 36358858 PMCID: PMC9656620 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bladder cancer is a malignancy that predominantly affects male patients. Surgical treatment is the first option for clinical management and cancer cell characterization is critical for tumor margin detection and complete tumor removal. We developed a specialized intraoperative flow cytometry (iFC) methodology for bladder cancer cell detection. Our study, including 52 individuals, reveals that iFC is highly specific, sensitive and accurate in detecting cancer cells, based on the quantification of cell proliferation and the presence of tumor aneuploidy. The results of this study advocate further research on the utility of iFC as a next-generation malignancy evaluation technique during transurethral resections. Abstract Bladder cancer represents a major health issue. Transurethral resection is the first line treatment and an accurate assessment of tumor margins might warrant complete tumor removal. Genomic instability and proliferative potential are common hallmarks of cancer cells. We have previously demonstrated the utility of intraoperative flow cytometry (iFC), a next-generation margin evaluation methodology for assessment of DNA content, in the detection of several types of malignancy. In the current study we investigated the possible value of iFC in the characterization of bladder cancer during surgery. Samples from a population of 52 people with urothelial cancer were included in the study. The total time for iFC evaluation is 3–5 min per sample and included a two-step analysis, including DNA-index and Tumor-index calculation. First, DNA-index calculation revealed 24 hyperploid and one hypoploid tumor. Second, cell cycle analysis and Tumor-index calculation revealed that tumor samples are distinguished from normal cells based on their significantly higher proliferative potential. The standard for iFC evaluation was pathology assessment and revealed that our protocol exhibits an accuracy of 98% in defining the presence of cancer cells in a given sample. Our results support the further assessment of iFC value towards its use as a novel malignancy evaluation tool in transurethral resections.
Collapse
|
3
|
Anastasiadi Z, Mantziou S, Akrivis C, Paschopoulos M, Balasi E, Lianos GD, Alexiou GA, Mitsis M, Vartholomatos G, Markopoulos GS. Intraoperative Flow Cytometry for the Characterization of Gynecological Malignancies. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091339. [PMID: 36138818 PMCID: PMC9495699 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Aneuploidy and high proliferative potential are distinct features of neoplastic cells. Based on the established role of intraoperative flow cytometry in various types of cancer, the aim of the present study was to investigate its role in cancer cell identification during surgery for gynecological malignancies. The analysis time was 5–6 min per sample. A large percentage of tumors were characterized as aneuploid, while all tumor samples had a significantly high proliferation. Flow cytometry was performed in accordance with pathological evaluation, and the method had high sensitivity and specificity. Our results verify the value of intraoperative flow cytometry in gynecological malignancies, and warrant further investigation in multicenter studies. Abstract Cell-cycle analysis has shown the presence of aneuploidy to be associated with poor prognosis. We developed an innovative rapid cell-cycle analysis protocol (the Ioannina protocol) that permitted the intraoperative identification of neoplastic cells in a plethora of malignancies. Herein, we aimed to investigate the potential role of cell-cycle analysis in the intraoperative characterization of gynecological malignancies. Women who underwent surgery for gynecological malignancies in our institution over a three-year period were included in this study. Permanent section pathology evaluation was used as the gold standard for malignancy evaluation. Total accordance was observed between flow cytometry and pathology evaluation. In total, 21 aneuploid cancers were detected following DNA index calculation. Of these, 20 were hyperploid and 1 was hypoploid. In addition, tumor samples were characterized by a significantly lower percentage of cells in G0/G1, as well as an induced tumor index. The response time for flow cytometry to obtain results was 5–6 min per sample. It seems that flow cytometry analyses for intraoperative tumor evaluation can be safely expanded to gynecological malignancies. This is a novel practical approach that has been proven valuable in several tumor types to date, and also seems to be reliable for gynecological malignancies. Intraoperative flow cytometry is expected to be crucial in decisions of lymph node dissection in endometrial cancers, due to its rapid response regarding the tumor invasion of part or all of the myometrial thickness. In this way, the surgeon can quickly modify the plane of dissection. Our results warrant the further investigation of applying iFC in larger, multicenter studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Anastasiadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘G. Chatzikosta’ General Hospital, 45001 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stefania Mantziou
- Haematology Laboratory-Unit of Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos Akrivis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘G. Chatzikosta’ General Hospital, 45001 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Minas Paschopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eufemia Balasi
- Pathology Department, ‘G. Chatzikosta’ General Hospital, 45001 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios D. Lianos
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - George A. Alexiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Neurosurgical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michail Mitsis
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Vartholomatos
- Haematology Laboratory-Unit of Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Neurosurgical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Georgios S. Markopoulos
- Haematology Laboratory-Unit of Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Neurosurgical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (G.S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thakur A, Faujdar C, Sharma R, Sharma S, Malik B, Nepali K, Liou JP. Glioblastoma: Current Status, Emerging Targets, and Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8596-8685. [PMID: 35786935 PMCID: PMC9297300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant
brain tumor characterized
by a heterogeneous population of genetically unstable and highly infiltrative
cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Although substantial efforts
have been invested in the field of anti-GBM drug discovery in the
past decade, success has primarily been confined to the preclinical
level, and clinical studies have often been hampered due to efficacy-,
selectivity-, or physicochemical property-related issues. Thus, expansion
of the list of molecular targets coupled with a pragmatic design of
new small-molecule inhibitors with central nervous system (CNS)-penetrating
ability is required to steer the wheels of anti-GBM drug discovery
endeavors. This Perspective presents various aspects of drug discovery
(challenges in GBM drug discovery and delivery, therapeutic targets,
and agents under clinical investigation). The comprehensively covered
sections include the recent medicinal chemistry campaigns embarked
upon to validate the potential of numerous enzymes/proteins/receptors
as therapeutic targets in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chetna Faujdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Basant Malik
- Department of Sterile Product Development, Research and Development-Unit 2, Jubiliant Generics Ltd., Noida 201301, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
An NF-κB- and Therapy-Related Regulatory Network in Glioma: A Potential Mechanism of Action for Natural Antiglioma Agents. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050935. [PMID: 35625673 PMCID: PMC9138293 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are among the most aggressive malignancies, with significantly low median survival. Recent experimental research in the field has highlighted the importance of natural substances as possible antiglioma agents, also known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. We have previously shown that natural substances target several surface cluster of differentiation (CD) markers in glioma cells, as part of their mechanism of action. We analyzed the genome-wide NF-κB binding sites residing in consensus regulatory elements, based on ENCODE data. We found that NF-κB binding sites reside adjacent to the promoter regions of genes encoding CD markers targeted by antiglioma agents (namely, CD15/FUT4, CD28, CD44, CD58, CD61/SELL, CD71/TFRC, and CD122/IL2RB). Network and pathway analysis revealed that the markers are associated with a core network of genes that, altogether, participate in processes that associate tumorigenesis with inflammation and immune evasion. Our results reveal a core regulatory network that can be targeted in glioblastoma, with apparent implications in individuals that suffer from this devastating malignancy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsiftsoglou OS, Stefanakis MK, Kalpourtzi EN, Hadjipavlou-Litina DI, Lazari DM. Chemical constituents isolated from the aerial parts of Helleborus cyclophyllus (A. Braun) Boiss. (Ranunculaceae), evaluation of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and virtual screening of molecular properties and bioactivity score. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6031-6038. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2041009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga St. Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Health sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michalis K. Stefanakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini N. Kalpourtzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Health sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra I. Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diamanto M. Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Health sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Datta S, Luthra R, Bharadvaja N. Medicinal Plants for Glioblastoma Treatment. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:2367-2384. [PMID: 34939551 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666211221144739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer, demonstrates the least life expectancy among all brain cancers. Because of the regulation of diverse signaling pathways in cancers, the chemotherapeutic approaches used to suppress their multiplication and spreading are restricted. Sensitivity towards chemotherapeutic agents has developed because of the pathological and drug-evading abilities of these diverse mechanisms. As a result, the identification and exploration of strategies or treatments, which can overcome such refractory obstacles to improve glioblastoma response to treatment as well as recovery, is essential. Medicinal herbs contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, which could trigger aggressive brain cancers, regulate their anti-cancer mechanisms and immune responses to assist in cancer elimination, and cause cell death. Numerous tumor-causing proteins, which facilitate invasion as well as metastasis of cancer, tolerance of chemotherapies, and angiogenesis, are also inhibited by these phytochemicals. Such herbs remain valuable for glioblastoma prevention and its incidence by effectively being used as anti-glioma therapies. This review thus presents the latest findings on medicinal plants using which the extracts or bioactive components are being used against glioblastoma, their mechanism of functioning, pharmacological description as well as recent clinical studies conducted on them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreeja Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi-110042. India
| | - Ritika Luthra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi-110042. India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi-110042. India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vartholomatos E, Vartholomatos G, Alexiou GA, Markopoulos GS. The Past, Present and Future of Flow Cytometry in Central Nervous System Malignancies. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4010011. [PMID: 33530325 PMCID: PMC7839046 DOI: 10.3390/mps4010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system malignancies (CNSMs) are categorized among the most aggressive and deadly types of cancer. The low median survival in patients with CNSMs is partly explained by the objective difficulties of brain surgeries as well as by the acquired chemoresistance of CNSM cells. Flow Cytometry is an analytical technique with the ability to quantify cell phenotype and to categorize cell populations on the basis of their characteristics. In the current review, we summarize the Flow Cytometry methodologies that have been used to study different phenotypic aspects of CNSMs. These include DNA content analysis for the determination of malignancy status and phenotypic characterization, as well as the methodologies used during the development of novel therapeutic agents. We conclude with the historical and current utility of Flow Cytometry in the field, and we propose how we can exploit current and possible future methodologies in the battle against this dreadful type of malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evrysthenis Vartholomatos
- Faculty of Medicine, Neurosurgical Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.V.); (G.A.A.)
| | - George Vartholomatos
- Haematology Laboratory-Unit of Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - George A. Alexiou
- Faculty of Medicine, Neurosurgical Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.V.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios S. Markopoulos
- Faculty of Medicine, Neurosurgical Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.V.); (G.A.A.)
- Haematology Laboratory-Unit of Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|