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Wang Y, Qiao L, Yang J, Li X, Duan Y, Liu J, Chen S, Li H, Liu D, Fang T, Ma J, Li X, Ye F, Wan J, Wei J, Xu Q, Guo E, Jin P, Wu M, Zhang L, Xia Y, Wu Y, Shao J, Feng Y, Zhang Q, Yang Z, Chen G, Zhang Q, Li X, Wang S, Hu J, Wang X, Tan MP, Takabe K, Kong B, Yang Q, Ma D, Gao Q. Serum semaphorin 4C as a diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer: A multicenter retrospective study. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1373-1386. [PMID: 34738326 PMCID: PMC8696225 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, there is no approved blood‐based biomarker for breast cancer detection. Herein, we aimed to assess semaphorin 4C (SEMA4C), a pivotal protein involved in breast cancer progression, as a serum diagnostic biomarker. Methods We included 6,213 consecutive inpatients from Tongji Hospital, Qilu Hospital, and Hubei Cancer Hospital. Training cohort and two validation cohorts were introduced for diagnostic exploration and validation. A pan‐cancer cohort was used to independently explore the diagnostic potential of SEMA4C among solid tumors. Breast cancer patients who underwent mass excision prior to modified radical mastectomy were also analyzed. We hypothesized that increased pre‐treatment serum SEMA4C levels, measured using optimized in‐house enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits, could detect breast cancer. The endpoints were diagnostic performance, including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Post‐surgery pathological diagnosis was the reference standard and breast cancer staging followed the TNM classification. There was no restriction on disease stage for eligibilities. Results We included 2667 inpatients with breast lesions, 2378 patients with other solid tumors, and 1168 healthy participants. Specifically, 118 patients with breast cancer were diagnosed with stage 0 (5.71%), 620 with stage I (30.00%), 966 with stage II (46.73%), 217 with stage III (10.50%), and 8 with stage IV (0.39%). Patients with breast cancer had significantly higher serum SEMA4C levels than benign breast tumor patients and normal controls (P < 0.001). Elevated serum SEMA4C levels had AUC of 0.920 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.900–0.941) and 0.932 (95%CI: 0.911–0.953) for breast cancer detection in the two validation cohorts. The AUCs for detecting early‐stage breast cancer (n = 366) and ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 85) were 0.931 (95%CI: 0.916–0.946) and 0.879 (95%CI: 0.832–0.925), respectively. Serum SEMA4C levels significantly decreased after surgery, and the reduction was more striking after modified radical mastectomy, compared with mass excision (P < 0.001). The positive rate of enhanced serum SEMA4C levels was 84.77% for breast cancer and below 20.75% for the other 14 solid tumors. Conclusions Serum SEMA4C demonstrated promising potential as a candidate biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis. However, validation in prospective settings and by other study groups is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Long Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Duan
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Li
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Tian Fang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90001, USA
| | - Juncheng Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Ensong Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Ping Jin
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Mingfu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yaqun Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yaojun Feng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zongyuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, P. R. China
| | - Xingrui Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Hu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Yidu Cloud (Beijing) Technology Co., Beijing, 100000, P. R. China
| | - Mona P Tan
- MammoCare, The Breast Clinic & Surgery, Singapore, 329563, Singapore
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgery and the Massey Cancer Centre, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, USA
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107, Jinan Culture Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
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Cui R, Wang C, Li T, Hua J, Zhao T, Ren L, Wang Y, Li Y. Carboxypeptidase N1 is anticipated to be a synergy metrics for chemotherapy effectiveness and prognostic significance in invasive breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:571. [PMID: 34711246 PMCID: PMC8555242 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality of invasive breast cancer (IBC) are increasing annually. Hence, it is urgently needed to determine reliable biomarkers for not only monitoring curative effects, but evaluating prognosis. In present study, we aim to determine the potential role of Carboxypeptidase N1 (CPN1) in IBC tissues on chemotherapeutic efficacy and poor prognosis. METHODS The expression level of CPN1 in IBC tissue samples (n = 123) was quantified by tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, sera of IBC patients (n = 34) that underwent three to five consecutive chemotherapy sessions were collected. The patients were randomly stratified into a training (n = 15) as well as a validation group (n = 19). The expression of serum CA153 and CPN1 was quantified by electrochemiluminescence and ELISA assay, respectively. RESULTS By univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, we show that CPN1 expression in IBC tissues, as an independent risk factor, is related to a poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.05). Analysis of the data revealed that CPN1 over-expression could be consistently linked to adverse clinicopathological features such as lymph node metastasis and the pathological stage (pTNM) (P < 0.05). The serum CPN1 level trajectory of individual patients generally decreased during chemotherapy. In line with these findings were changes in the follow-up ultrasonography and a consistent decrease in serum CPN1 levels. The comparison of the area under the receiver operating curves (ROC) revealed that CPN1 has a better surveillance value than CA153 in the training (AUCCPN1 = 0.834 vs. AUCCA153 = 0.724) as well as the validation set (AUCCPN1 = 0.860 vs. AUCCA153 = 0.720) when comparing cycle2 versus cycle3. CONCLUSIONS CPN1 is a suitable potential biomarker for chemotherapeutic surveillance purposes as well as being an appropriate prognostic indicator which would support an improved chemotherapy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranliang Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chaomin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jialei Hua
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No. 999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yueguo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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