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Galla MS, Kale NB, Sharma A, Hajare A, Godugu C, Shankaraiah N. Development of chromone-thiazolidine-2,4-dione Knoevenagel conjugates as apoptosis inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 109:129853. [PMID: 38909705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Overexpression of Bcl-2 protein is a predominant hallmark of disturbed apoptotic pathway in most of the cancers. Herein, chromone-linked thiazolidinediones were designed and synthesized to target Bcl-2 for regulating anti-apoptotic proteins. The study on in vitro cancer cell lines revealed the presence of compounds 8a, 8k, 8l, and 8n, which were found to have good to moderate anti-proliferative activity (with an IC50 concentration less than 10 µM). Among them, 8l depicted the highest cytotoxicity on the A549 cell line with an IC50 of 6.1 ± 0.02 µM. Aberrantly, the compounds displayed less toxicity towards human embryonic kidney HEK cells underlining its selectivity. The DCFDA study revealed a gradual increase in the ROS generation of 8l, followed by its quantification by flow analysis. Similarly, the studies including DAPI, AO/EtBr and Annexin-V binding clearly elucidated the DNA damage, membrane integrity prospects, and insights for early and late apoptotic phases. Markedly, the Bcl-2-FITC anti-body study revealed that compound 8l reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins by 79.1 % compared to the control at 9 µM concentration. In addition, the molecular docking study provided the impending scope of these hybrids, showing promising interaction with the Mcl-1 target (member of the Bcl-2 family) with comparable binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sravani Galla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Nandini B Kale
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Aditya Hajare
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
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Laxmikeshav K, Sayali M, Devabattula G, Valapil DG, Mahale A, Sharma P, George J, Phanindranath R, Godugu C, Kulkarni OP, Nagesh N, Shankaraiah N. Triazolo-linked benzimidazoles as tubulin polymerization inhibitors and DNA intercalators: Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity, and docking studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200449. [PMID: 36807372 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple "click" protocol was employed in the quest of synthesizing 1,2,3-triazole-linked benzimidazoles as promising anticancer agents on various human cancer cell lines such as A549, HCT116, SK-Mel-28, HT-29, and MCF-7. Compound 12j demonstrated significant cytotoxic potential towards SK-Mel-28 cancer cells (IC50 : 4.17 ± 0.09 µM) and displayed no cytotoxicity (IC50 : > 100 µM) against normal human BEAS-2B cells inferring its safety towards normal healthy cells. Further to comprehend the underlying apoptosis mechanisms, AO/EB, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining were performed, which revealed the nuclear and morphological alterations. Compound 12j displayed impairment in cellular migration and inhibited colony formation. The annexin V binding assay and JC-1 were implemented to evaluate the scope of apoptosis and the loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential in SK-Mel-28 cells. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that compound 12j arrested the cells at the G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. Target-based assays established the inhibition of tubulin polymerization by 12j at an IC50 value of 5.65 ± 0.05 μM and its effective binding with circulating tumor DNA as a DNA intercalator. The detailed binding interactions of 12j with tubulin and DNA were examined by docking studies on PDB ID: 3E22 and DNA hexamer (PDB ID: 1NAB), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mone Sayali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Geetanjali Devabattula
- Department of Biological Sciences (Regulatory Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Durgesh G Valapil
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashutosh Mahale
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pravesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Joel George
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medical Biotechnology Complex, ANNEXE II, Hyderabad, India
| | - Regur Phanindranath
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medical Biotechnology Complex, ANNEXE II, Hyderabad, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Biological Sciences (Regulatory Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Onkar P Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Narayana Nagesh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medical Biotechnology Complex, ANNEXE II, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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Taghour MS, Elkady H, Eldehna WM, El-Deeb NM, Kenawy AM, Elkaeed EB, Alsfouk AA, Alesawy MS, Metwaly AM, Eissa IH. Design and synthesis of thiazolidine-2,4-diones hybrids with 1,2-dihydroquinolones and 2-oxindoles as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors: in-vitro anticancer evaluation and in-silico studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1903-1917. [PMID: 35801403 PMCID: PMC9272924 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2085693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A thiazolidine-2,4-dione nucleus was molecularly hybridised with the effective antitumor moieties; 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 2-oxoindoline to obtain new hybrids with potential activity against VEGFR-2. The cytotoxic effects of the synthesised derivatives against Caco-2, HepG-2, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were investigated. Compound 12a was found to be the most potent candidate against the investigated cell lines with IC50 values of 2, 10, and 40 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the synthesised derivatives were tested in vitro for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity showing strong inhibition. Moreover, an in vitro viability study against Vero non-cancerous cell line was investigated and the results reflected a high safety profile of all tested compounds. Compound 12a was further investigated for its apoptotic behaviour by assessing the gene expression of four genes (Bcl2, Bcl-xl, TGF, and Survivin). Molecular dynamic simulations authenticated the high affinity, accurate binding, and perfect dynamics of compound 12a against VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.,School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal M El-Deeb
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Kenawy
- Nucleic Acids Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Alesawy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt.,Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Laxmikeshav K, Sharma P, Palepu M, Sharma P, Mahale A, George J, Phanindranath R, Dandekar MP, Kulkarni OP, Nagesh N, Shankaraiah N. Benzimidazole based bis-carboxamide derivatives as promising cytotoxic agents: Design, synthesis, in silico and tubulin polymerization inhibition. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abdelgawad MA, El-Adl K, El-Hddad SSA, Elhady MM, Saleh NM, Khalifa MM, Khedr F, Alswah M, Nayl AA, Ghoneim MM, Abd El-Sattar NEA. Design, Molecular Docking, Synthesis, Anticancer and Anti-Hyperglycemic Assessments of Thiazolidine-2,4-diones Bearing Sulfonylthiourea Moieties as Potent VEGFR-2 Inhibitors and PPARγ Agonists. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020226. [PMID: 35215339 PMCID: PMC8880361 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly designed thiazolidine-2,4-diones 3–7a–c were synthesized, and their anticancer activities were screened against three cancer lines. They showed potent activities against HepG2 compared to the other HCT116 and MCF-7 tumor cell lines. Compounds 7c and 6c were detected as highly effective derivatives against MCF-7 (IC50 = 7.78 and 8.15 µM), HCT116 (IC50 = 5.77 and 7.11 µM) and HepG2 (IC50 = 8.82 and 8.99 µM). The highly effective derivatives 6a–c and 7a–c were tested against VERO normal cell lines. All derivatives were evaluated for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory actions and demonstrated high to low activities, with IC50 values varying from 0.08 to 0.93 µM. Moreover, derivatives 5a–c, 6a–c and 7a–c were assessed to verify their in vitro binding affinities to PPARγ and insulin-secreting activities. Finally, docking studies were performed to explore their affinities and binding modes toward both VEGFR-2 and PPARγ receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (F.K.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo 11785, Egypt
- Correspondence: or or
| | | | - Mostafa M. Elhady
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Nashwa M. Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo 11754, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Khalifa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Fathalla Khedr
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Mohamed Alswah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - AbdElAziz A. Nayl
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nour E. A. Abd El-Sattar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
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Laxmikeshav K, Kumari P, Shankaraiah N. Expedition of sulfur-containing heterocyclic derivatives as cytotoxic agents in medicinal chemistry: A decade update. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:513-575. [PMID: 34453452 DOI: 10.1002/med.21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article proposes a comprehensive report of the design strategies engaged in the development of various sulfur-bearing cytotoxic agents. The outcomes of various studies depict that the sulfur heterocyclic framework is a fundamental structure in diverse synthetic analogs representing a myriad scope of therapeutic activities. A number of five-, six- and seven-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic scaffolds, such as thiazoles, thiadiazoles, thiazolidinediones, thiophenes, thiopyrans, benzothiazoles, benzothiophenes, thienopyrimidines, simple and modified phenothiazines, and thiazepines have been discussed. The subsequent studies of the derivatives unveiled their cytotoxic effects through multiple mechanisms (viz. inhibition of tyrosine kinases, topoisomerase I and II, tubulin, COX, DNA synthesis, and PI3K/Akt and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways), and several others. Thus, our concise illustration explains the design strategy and anticancer potential of these five- and six-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic molecules along with a brief outline on seven-membered sulfur heterocycles. The thorough assessment of antiproliferative activities with the reference drug allows a proficient assessment of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the diversely synthesized molecules of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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Ates-Alagoz Z, Kisla MM, Karadayi FZ, Baran S, Doğan TS, Mutlu P. Design, synthesis, molecular docking and ADME studies of novel indole-thiazolidinedione derivatives and their antineoplastic activity as CDK6 inhibitors. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Several indole-thiazolidinedione derivatives (9–24) were designed and synthesized as CDK6 inhibitors, and their anticancer activity was probed on the MCF-7 cell line and the effects on gene expression profiles were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ates-Alagoz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Murat Kisla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fikriye Zengin Karadayi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sercan Baran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Somay Doğan
- Central Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology R&D Center, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Mutlu
- Central Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology R&D Center, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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