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Song J, Zhang S, Zhang B, Ma J. The anti-breast cancer therapeutic potential of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300641. [PMID: 38110853 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer, as one of the most common invasive malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women globally, poses a significant challenge in the world health system. Substantial advances in diagnosis and treatment have significantly improved the survival rate of breast cancer patients, but the number of incidences and deaths of breast cancer are projected to increase by 40% and 50%, respectively, by 2040. Chemotherapy is one of the principal treatments for breast cancer therapy, but multidrug resistance and severe side effects remain the major obstacles to the success of treatment. Hence, there is a vital need to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents to combat this deadly disease. 1,2,3-Triazole, which can be effectively constructed by click chemistry, not only can serve as a linker to connect different anti-breast cancer pharmacophores but also is a valuable pharmacophore with anti-breast cancer potential and favorable properties such as hydrogen bonding, moderate dipole moment, and enhanced water solubility. Particularly, 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids have demonstrated promising in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer potential against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant forms and possessed excellent selectivity by targeting different biological pathways associated with breast cancer, representing privileged scaffolds for the discovery of novel anti-breast cancer candidates. This review concentrates on the latest advancements of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids with anti-breast cancer potential, including work published between 2020 and the present. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) and mechanisms of action are also reviewed to shed light on the development of more effective and multitargeted candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Song
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Zibo 148 Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhoucun District, Zibo, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Emergency Department, People's Hospital of Zhoucun District, Zibo, China
| | - Junwei Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Zibo 148 Hospital, Zibo, China
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Berwal P, Rohilla S, Mathur N, Rani K. Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Indole-triazole Conjugates. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e120324227917. [PMID: 38482620 DOI: 10.2174/0115701638295739240222074426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole-triazole conjugates have emerged as promising candidates for new drug development. Their distinctive structural characteristics, coupled with a wide array of biological activities, render them a captivating and promising field of research for the creation of novel pharmaceutical agents. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to synthesize indole-triazole conjugates to investigate the influence of various substituents on the functional characteristics of indole-triazole hybrids. It also aimed to study the binding modes of new hybrids with the DNA Gyrase using molecular docking studies. METHODS A new set of indole-triazole hybrids was synthesized and characterized using various physicochemical and spectral analyses. All hybrids underwent in-silico pharmacokinetic prediction studies. The antimicrobial efficacy of the hybrids was assessed using tube dilution and agar diffusion methods. Additionally, the in-vitro antioxidant activity of synthesized compounds was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking studies were performed to enhance our comprehension of how the synthesized compounds interact at the molecular level with DNA gyrase. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic predictions of synthesized hybrids indicated favourable pharmacokinetic profiles, and none of the compounds violated the Lipinski rule of five. Notably, compound 6, featuring a cyclohexanol substituent, demonstrated superior antimicrobial and antioxidant activity (EC50 value = 14.23 μmol). Molecular docking studies further supported the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial findings, revealing that all compounds adeptly fit into the binding pocket of DNA Gyrase and engaged in interactions with crucial amino acid residues. CONCLUSION In summary, our research underscores the efficacy of molecular hybridization in shaping the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and biological characteristics of novel indole-triazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Berwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Suman Rohilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Nancy Mathur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Ketki Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Rohilla S, Goyal G, Berwal P, Mathur N. A Review on Indole-triazole Molecular Hybrids as a Leading Edge in Drug Discovery: Current Landscape and Future Perspectives. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:1557-1588. [PMID: 38766822 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266307132240509065351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Molecular hybridization is a rational design strategy used to create new ligands or prototypes by identifying and combining specific pharmacophoric subunits from the molecular structures of two or more known bioactive derivatives. Molecular hybridization is a valuable technique in drug discovery, enabling the modulation of unwanted side effects and the creation of potential dual-acting drugs that combine the effects of multiple therapeutic agents. Indole-triazole conjugates have emerged as promising candidates for new drug development. The indole and triazole moieties can be linked through various synthetic strategies, such as click chemistry or other coupling reactions, to generate a library of diverse compounds for biological screening. The achievable structural diversity with indole-triazole conjugates offers avenues to optimize their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic attributes, amplifying their therapeutic efficacy. Researchers have extensively tailored both indole and triazole frameworks with diverse modifications to comprehend their impact on the drug's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. The current review article endeavours to explore and discuss various research strategies to design indoletriazole hybrids and elucidate their significance in a variety of pathological conditions. The insights provided herein are anticipated to be beneficial for the researchers and will likely encourage further exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Rohilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Garima Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Paras Berwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Nancy Mathur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Wang R, Huang R, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Shen K. The anti-breast cancer potential of indole/isatin hybrids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300402. [PMID: 37650315 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and the major contributor to cancer mortality in women globally, with a high degree of heterogeneity and a dismal prognosis. As drug resistance is responsible for most BC fatalities and advanced BC is currently considered incurable, finding innovative anti-BC chemotherapeutics is urgently required. Indole and its analog isatin (indole-1H-2,3-dione) are prominent pharmacophores in the development of novel medications, and their derivatives exhibit strong anticancer activities, also against BC. In particular, indole/isatin hybrids exhibit significant potency against BC including multidrug-resistant forms and excellent selectivity by influencing a variety of biological targets associated with the disease, supplying helpful building blocks for the identification of potential new BC treatment options. This review includes articles from 2020 to the present and provides insights into the in vitro and in vivo anti-BC potential, molecular mechanisms, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of indole/isatin hybrids that may be helpful in the development of innovative anti-BC chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bukhari SNA, Ejaz H, Elsherif MA, Junaid K, Zaki I, Masoud RE. Design and Synthesis of Some New Furan-Based Derivatives and Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082606. [PMID: 35458804 PMCID: PMC9024937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
New furan-based derivatives have been, designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxic and tubulin polymerization inhibitory activities. DNA flow cytometric study of pyridine carbohydrazide 4 and N-phenyl triazinone 7 demonstrated G2/M phase cell cycle disruptions. Accumulation of cells in the pre-G1 phase and positive annexin V/PI staining, which may be caused by degeneration or fragmentation of the genetic components, suggested that cell death occurs via an apoptotic cascade. Furthermore, compounds 4 and 7 had a strong pro-apoptotic impact through inducing the intrinsic mitochondrial mechanism of apoptosis. This mechanistic route was verified by an ELISA experiment that indicated a considerable rise in the levels of p53 and Bax and a drop in the level of Bcl-2 when compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.N.A.B.); (I.Z.); Tel.: +20-1153436140 (I.Z.)
| | - Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.); (K.J.)
| | - Mervat A. Elsherif
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kashaf Junaid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.); (K.J.)
| | - Islam Zaki
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.N.A.B.); (I.Z.); Tel.: +20-1153436140 (I.Z.)
| | - Reham E. Masoud
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt;
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Xinyi W, Shiqi X, Shishuo C, Yumin S, Jun W. 1,2,3-Triazole derivatives with anti-breast cancer potential. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1406-1425. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220415225334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases and one of the main mortality causes among women across the world. Despite advances in chemotherapy, drug resistance remains major clinical concerns, creating an urgent need to explore novel anti-breast cancer drugs. 1,2,3-Triazole is a privileged moiety, and its derivatives could inhibit cancer cell proliferation, and induce the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Accordingly, 1,2,3-triazole derivatives possess profound activity against various cancers including breast cancer. This review summarizes the latest progresses related to the anti-breast cancer potential of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives, covering articles published from January 2017 to December 2021. The mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships (SARs) are also discussed for further rational design of more effective candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Xinyi
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Xia Shiqi
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Cheng Shishuo
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Shi Yumin
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Wang Jun
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
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Hong Y, Zhu YY, He Q, Gu SX. Indole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors for the development of promising anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 55:116597. [PMID: 34995858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The α- and β-tubulins are the major polypeptide components of microtubules (MTs), which are attractive targets for anticancer drug development. Indole derivatives display a variety of biological activities including antitumor activity. In recent years, a great number of indole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors have sprung up, which encourages medicinal chemists to pursue promising inhibitors with improved antitumor activities, excellent physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. In this review, the recent progress from 2010 to present in the development of indole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors was summarized and reviewed, which would provide useful clues and inspirations for further design of outstanding tubulin polymerization inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Shuang-Xi Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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Topomer-CoMFA proposed as a tool to construct dual EGFR/HER-2 models. J Mol Model 2021; 27:239. [PMID: 34363097 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases (in this case, HER-2 and EGFR) are involved in cancer-related diseases. Some reports have shown unique CoMFA models using the sum of activities expressed as pIC50 (-log IC50), as the classical CoMFA technique would not be the best strategy to construct models for multitarget therapy considering that the molecular alignment will not be the same for different targets. An alternative for this problem is the use of Topomer-CoMFA, a variation of CoMFA, which does not require the alignment step in the generation of 3D models. In this study, we propose the combined use of the sum of activities and Topomer-CoMFA for the construction of a unique dual 3D model considering the inhibitory activities against EGFR and HER-2. For this, 88 compounds from the literature were divided into two groups: training (71) and test (17) sets. The biological activity of each compound, expressed as IC50 for EGFR and HER-2, was transformed into pIC50, summed, and used as the dependent variable in the Topomer-CoMFA analyses. The obtained model was considered statistically robust in the prediction of the dual activity of new compounds. Finally, based on the obtained model, we proposed structural modifications to some of the compounds used to improve the biological data. From the 3D model, we suggested new derivative compounds with improved biological activity for both targets. Therefore, the combination of the techniques proposed in this study proves to be a good strategy to construct better statistical models that can predict biological activities in multitarget systems.
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Liu CX, Yin RX, Shi ZH, Zheng PF, Deng GX, Guan YZ, Wei BL. Associations between TUBB-WWOX SNPs, their haplotypes, gene-gene, and gene-environment interactions and dyslipidemia. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5906-5927. [PMID: 33612478 PMCID: PMC7950260 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the tubulin beta class I (TUBB) and WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) genes, gene-gene interactions, and gene-environment interactions and dyslipidemia in the Chinese Maonan ethnic group. Four SNPs (rs3132584, rs3130685, rs2222896, and rs2548861) were genotyped in unrelated subjects with normal lipid levels (864) or dyslipidemia (1129). While 5.0% of Maonan subjects carried the rs3132584TT genotype, none of the Chinese Han in Beijing subjects did. Allele and genotype frequencies differed between the normal and dyslipidemia groups for three SNPs (rs3132584, rs3130685, and rs2222896). rs2222896G allele carriers in the normal group had higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The rs3132584GG, rs3130685CC+TT, and rs2222896GG genotypes as well as the rs2222896G-rs2548861G and rs2222896G-rs2548861T haplotypes were associated with an elevated risk of dyslipidemia; the rs2222896A-rs2548861T and rs2222896A-rs2548861G haplotypes were associated with a reduced risk of dyslipidemia. Among the thirteen TUBB-WWOX interaction types identified, rs3132584T-rs3130685T-rs2222896G-rs2548861T increased the risk of dyslipidemia 1.371-fold. Fourteen two- to four-locus optimal interactive models for SNP-SNP, haplotype-haplotype, gene-gene, and gene-environment interactions exhibited synergistic or contrasting effects on dyslipidemia. Finally, the interaction between rs3132584 and rs2222896 increased the risk of dyslipidemia 2.548-fold and predicted hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-Hu Shi
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xiong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao-Zong Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bi-Liu Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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