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Alshabrmi FM, Aba Alkhayl FF, Rehman A. Novel drug discovery: Advancing Alzheimer's therapy through machine learning and network pharmacology. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176661. [PMID: 38795753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), marked by tau tangles and amyloid-beta plaques, leads to cognitive decline. Despite extensive research, its complex etiology remains elusive, necessitating new treatments. This study utilized machine learning (ML) to analyze compounds with neuroprotective potential. This approach exposed the disease's complexity and identified important proteins, namely MTOR and BCL2, as central to the pathogenic network of AD. MTOR regulates neuronal autophagy and survival, whereas BCL2 regulates apoptosis, both of which are disrupted in AD. The identified compounds, including Armepavine, Oprea1_264702,1-cyclopropyl-7-fluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid,(2S)-4'-Hydroxy-5,7,3'-trimethoxyflavan,Oprea1_130514,Sativanone,5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone,7,4'-Dihydroxy-8,3'-dimethoxyflavanone,N,1-dicyclopropyl-6,Difluoro-Methoxy-Gatifloxacin,6,8-difluoro-1-(2-fluoroethyl),1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl),Avicenol C, demonstrated potential modulatory effects on these proteins. The potential for synergistic effects of these drugs in treating AD has been revealed via network pharmacology. By targeting numerous proteins at once, these chemicals may provide a more comprehensive therapeutic approach, addressing many aspects of AD's complex pathophysiology. A Molecular docking, dynamic simulation, and Principle Component Analysis have confirmed these drugs' efficacy by establishing substantial binding affinities and interactions with important proteins such as MTOR and BCL2. This evidence implies that various compounds may interact within the AD pathological framework, providing a sophisticated and multifaceted therapy strategy. In conclusion, our study establishes a solid foundation for the use of these drugs in AD therapy. Thus current study highlights the possibility of multi-targeted, synergistic therapeutic approaches in addressing the complex pathophysiology of AD by integrating machine learning, network pharmacology, and molecular docking simulations. This holistic technique not only advances drug development but also opens up new avenues for developing more effective treatments for this difficult and widespread disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad M Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris F Aba Alkhayl
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rehman
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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2
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Suleman M, Ahmad T, shah K, Albekairi NA, Alshammari A, Khan A, Wei DQ, Yassine HM, Crovella S. Exploring the natural products chemical space to abrogate the F3L-dsRNA interface of monkeypox virus to enhance the immune responses using molecular screening and free energy calculations. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1328308. [PMID: 38269277 PMCID: PMC10805857 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1328308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Amid the ongoing monkeypox outbreak, there is an urgent need for the rapid development of effective therapeutic interventions capable of countering the immune evasion mechanisms employed by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). The evasion strategy involves the binding of the F3L protein to dsRNA, resulting in diminished interferon (IFN) production. Consequently, our current research focuses on utilizing virtual drug screening techniques to target the RNA binding domain of the F3L protein. Out of the 954 compounds within the South African natural compound database, only four demonstrated notable docking scores: -6.55, -6.47, -6.37, and -6.35 kcal/mol. The dissociation constant (KD) analysis revealed a stronger binding affinity of the top hits 1-4 (-5.34, -5.32, -5.29, and -5.36 kcal/mol) with the F3L in the MPXV. All-atom simulations of the top-ranked hits 1 to 4 consistently exhibited stable dynamics, suggesting their potential to interact effectively with interface residues. This was further substantiated through analyses of parameters such as radius of gyration (Rg), Root Mean Square Fluctuation, and hydrogen bonding. Cumulative assessments of binding free energy confirmed the top-performing candidates among all the compounds, with values of -35.90, -52.74, -28.17, and -32.11 kcal/mol for top hits 1-4, respectively. These results indicate that compounds top hit 1-4 could hold significant promise for advancing innovative drug therapies, suggesting their suitability for both in vivo and in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center (LARC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Khadim shah
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Norah A. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health Sciences-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center (LARC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Casson CL, John SA, Ferrall-Fairbanks MC. Mathematical modeling of cardio-oncology: Modeling the systemic effects of cancer therapeutics on the cardiovascular system. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:30-41. [PMID: 37979714 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a common side-effect of many cancer therapeutics; however, to-date there has been very little push to understand the mechanisms underlying this group of pathologies. This has led to the emergence of cardio-oncology, a field of medicine focused on understanding the effects of cancer and its treatment on the human heart. Here, we describe how mechanistic modeling approaches have been applied to study open questions in the cardiovascular system and how these approaches are being increasingly applied to advance knowledge of the underlying effects of cancer treatments on the human heart. A variety of mechanistic, mathematical modeling techniques have been applied to explore the link between common cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, and cardiotoxicity, nevertheless there is limited coverage in the different types of cardiac dysfunction that may be associated with these treatments. Moreover, cardiac modeling has a rich heritage of mathematical modeling and is well suited for the further development of novel approaches for understanding the cardiotoxicities associated with cancer therapeutics. There are many opportunities to combine mechanistic, bottom-up approaches with data-driven, top-down approaches to improve personalized, precision oncology to better understand, and ultimately mitigate, cardiac dysfunction in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camara L Casson
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sofia A John
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Meghan C Ferrall-Fairbanks
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Dilshad R, Khan KUR, Ahmad S, Shaik Mohammad AA, Sherif AE, Rao H, Ahmad M, Ghalloo BA, Begum MY. Phytochemical characterization of Typha domingensis and the assessment of therapeutic potential using in vitro and in vivo biological activities and in silico studies. Front Chem 2023; 11:1273191. [PMID: 38025070 PMCID: PMC10663946 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1273191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Typha domingensis, a medicinal plant with significant traditional importance for curing various human diseases, has potentially bioactive compounds but was less explored previously. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of T. domingensis by evaluating the phytochemical profile through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques and its biological activities (in vitro and in vivo) from the methanolic extract derived from the entire plant (TDME). The secondary metabolite profile of TDME regulated by reverse phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (RP-UHPLC-MS) revealed some bioactive compounds by -ve and +ve modes of ionization. The HPLC quantification study showed the precise quantity of polyphenols (p-coumaric acid, 207.47; gallic acid, 96.25; and kaempferol, 95.78 μg/g extract). The enzyme inhibition assays revealed the IC50 of TDME as 44.75 ± 0.51, 52.71 ± 0.01, and 67.19 ± 0.68 µgmL-1, which were significant compared to their respective standards (indomethacin, 18.03 ± 0.12; quercetin, 4.11 ± 0.01; and thiourea, 8.97 ± 0.11) for lipoxygenase, α-glucosidase, and urease, respectively. Safety was assessed by in vitro hemolysis (4.25% ± 0.16% compared to triton × 100, 93.51% ± 0.36%), which was further confirmed (up to 10 g/kg) by an in vivo model of rats. TDME demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) potential in analgesic activity by hot plate and tail immersion tests and anti-inflammatory activity by the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model. Pain latency decreased significantly, and the anti-inflammatory effect increased in a dose-dependent way. Additionally, in silico molecular docking revealed that 1,3,4,5-tetracaffeoylquinic acid and formononetin 7-O-glucoside-6″-O-malonate possibly contribute to enzyme inhibitory activities due to their higher binding affinities compared to standard inhibitors. An in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicological study also predicted the pharmacokinetics and safety of the chosen compounds identified from TDME. To sum up, it was shown that TDME contains bioactive chemicals and has strong biological activities. The current investigations on T. domingensis could be extended to explore its potential applications in nutraceutical industries and encourage the isolation of novel molecules with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Dilshad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kashif-ur-Rehman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Asmaa E. Sherif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz, Al-Khar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Huma Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmad Ghalloo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M. Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Islam MM, Sreeharsha N, Alshabrmi FM, Asif AH, Aldhubiab B, Anwer MK, Krishnasamy R, Rehman A. From seeds to survival rates: investigating Linum usitatissimum's potential against ovarian cancer through network pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1285258. [PMID: 37964873 PMCID: PMC10642394 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1285258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor that primarily forms in the ovaries. It often goes undetected until it has spread to the pelvis and abdomen, making it more challenging to treat and often fatal. Historically, natural products and their structural analogues have played a pivotal role in pharmacotherapy, especially for cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Linum usitatissimum against ovarian cancer, but the specific molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study combines data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking analysis to pioneer an innovative approach for ovarian cancer treatment by identifying potent phytochemicals. Findings of current study revealed that Apigenin, Vitamin E, Palmitic acid, Riboflavin, Isolariciresinol, 5-Dehydro-avenasterol, Cholesterol, Pantothenic acid, Nicotinic acid, Campesterol, Beta-Sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Daucosterol, and Vitexin suppress tumor growth by influencing AKT1, JUN, EGFR, and VEGFA. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis spotlighted AKT1, JUN, EGFR, and VEGFA as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer. However, it is imperative to conduct in vivo and in vitro examinations to ascertain the pharmacokinetics and biosafety profiles, bolstering the candidacy of L. usitatissimum in ovarian cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Monirul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - Fahad M. Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Haq Asif
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdur Rehman
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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6
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The Role of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for the Detection of Skin Cancer. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030415. [PMID: 36766989 PMCID: PMC9914395 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) can enhance a dermatologist's work, from diagnosis to customized care. The development of ML algorithms in dermatology has been supported lately regarding links to digital data processing (e.g., electronic medical records, Image Archives, omics), quicker computing and cheaper data storage. This article describes the fundamentals of ML-based implementations, as well as future limits and concerns for the production of skin cancer detection and classification systems. We also explored five fields of dermatology using deep learning applications: (1) the classification of diseases by clinical photos, (2) der moto pathology visual classification of cancer, and (3) the measurement of skin diseases by smartphone applications and personal tracking systems. This analysis aims to provide dermatologists with a guide that helps demystify the basics of ML and its different applications to identify their possible challenges correctly. This paper surveyed studies on skin cancer detection using deep learning to assess the features and advantages of other techniques. Moreover, this paper also defined the basic requirements for creating a skin cancer detection application, which revolves around two main issues: the full segmentation image and the tracking of the lesion on the skin using deep learning. Most of the techniques found in this survey address these two problems. Some of the methods also categorize the type of cancer too.
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Ghufran M, Ullah M, Khan HA, Ghufran S, Ayaz M, Siddiq M, Abbas SQ, Hassan SSU, Bungau S. In-Silico Lead Druggable Compounds Identification against SARS COVID-19 Main Protease Target from In-House, Chembridge and Zinc Databases by Structure-Based Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010100. [PMID: 36671672 PMCID: PMC9854631 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological strategies to lower the viral load among patients suffering from severe diseases were researched in great detail during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The viral protease Mpro (3CLpro) is necessary for viral replication and is among the main therapeutic targets proposed, thus far. To stop the pandemic from spreading, researchers are working to find more effective Mpro inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. The 33.8 kDa Mpro protease of SARS-CoV-2, being a nonhuman homologue, has the possibility of being utilized as a therapeutic target against coronaviruses. To develop drug-like compounds capable of preventing the replication of SARS-main CoV-2's protease (Mpro), a computer-aided drug design (CADD) approach is extremely viable. Using MOE, structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) of in-house and commercial databases was carried out using SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The most promising hits obtained during virtual screening (VS) were put through molecular docking with the help of MOE. The virtual screening yielded 3/5 hits (in-house database) and 56/66 hits (commercial databases). Finally, 3/5 hits (in-house database), 3/5 hits (ZINC database), and 2/7 hits (ChemBridge database) were chosen as potent lead compounds using various scaffolds due to their considerable binding affinity with Mpro protein. The outcomes of SBVS were then validated using an analysis based on molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). The complexes' stability was tested using MDS and post-MDS. The most promising candidates were found to exhibit a high capacity for fitting into the protein-binding pocket and interacting with the catalytic dyad. At least one of the scaffolds selected will possibly prove useful for future research. However, further scientific confirmation in the form of preclinical and clinical research is required before implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Ghufran
- Department of Pathology, Medical Teaching Institution Bacha Khan Medical College (BKMC) Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Mehran Ullah
- District Medical Officer, Sehat Sahulat Program (SSP), KPK, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Mardan Medical Complex (MMC) Mardan, Medical Teaching Institution Bacha Khan Medical College (BKMC), Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ali Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (H.A.K.); (S.S.u.H.)
| | - Sabreen Ghufran
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Siddiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Syed Qamar Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (H.A.K.); (S.S.u.H.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
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Garshasbi HR, Naghib SM. Smart Stimuli-responsive Alginate Nanogels for Drug Delivery Systems and Cancer Therapy: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3546-3562. [PMID: 38115614 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128283806231211073031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels are three-dimensional networks at the nanoscale level that can be fabricated through physical or chemical processes using polymers. These nanoparticles' biocompatibility, notable stability, efficacious drug-loading capacity, and ligand-binding proficiency make them highly suitable for employment as drug-delivery vehicles. In addition, they exhibit the ability to react to both endogenous and exogenous stimuli, which may include factors such as temperature, illumination, pH levels, and a diverse range of other factors. This facilitates the consistent administration of the drug to the intended site. Alginate biopolymers have been utilized to encapsulate anticancer drugs due to their biocompatible nature, hydrophilic properties, and cost-effectiveness. The efficacy of alginate nano gel-based systems in cancer treatment has been demonstrated through multiple studies that endorse their progress toward clinical implementation. This paper comprehensively reviews alginate and its associated systems in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Garshasbi
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran 1684613114, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran 1684613114, Iran
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Computational analysis of natural product B-Raf inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 118:108340. [PMID: 36208592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
B-Raf protein is a serine-threonine kinase and an important signal transduction molecule of the MAPK signaling pathway that mediates signals from RAS to MEK, ultimately promoting various essential cellular functions. The B-Raf kinase domain is divided into two subdomains: a small N-terminal lobe and a large C-terminal lobe, with a deep catalytic cleft between them. The N-terminal lobe contains a phosphate-binding loop (P-loop) and nucleotide-binding pocket, while the C-terminal lobe binds the protein substrates and contains the catalytic loop. The ligand pharmacophore was generated by using 17 different natural products and the receptor pharmacophore was generated by using protein structures. The reported natural product B-Raf inhibitors were analyzed according to the pharmacophore analysis (HipHop fit), virtual screening tools by Lipinski's rule of five. Thirteen out of seventeen molecules share the best ligand based pharmacophoric model (HipHop_5). The best receptor based pharmacophoric model came as AADHR. The compounds were docked against the B-Raf receptors (PDB ID: 3OG7, 4XV2, 5C9C). The compound DHSilB with cDOCKER interaction energy of -62.7 kcal/mol, -83.3 kcal/mol, -73.6 kcal/mol as well as the compound DHSilA with cDOCKER interaction energy of -63.9 kcal/mol, -63.2 kcal/mol, -74.7 kcal/mol showed satisfactory interaction with the respective receptors. Finally, the MD simulation was run for 100 ns for the top docked compounds DHSilA and DHSilB with the B-Raf proteins (PDB ID: 3OG7, 4XV2 and 5C9C). After the MD simulation run for 100 ns, the ligand 2,3-dehydrosilybin A (DHSilA) was found to be more stable in terms of the trajectories of RMSD, RMSF, Rg and H-bonds.
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Basavarajappa GM, Rehman A, Shiroorkar PN, Sreeharsha N, Anwer MK, Aloufi B. Therapeutic effects of Crataegus monogyna inhibitors against breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1187079. [PMID: 37180727 PMCID: PMC10174464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1187079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a silent killer disorder among women and a serious economic burden in healthcare management. Every 19 s, a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer, and every 74 s, a woman worldwide passes away from the disease. Despite the increase in progressive research, advanced treatment approaches, and preventive measures, breast cancer rates continue to increase. This study provides a combination of data mining, network pharmacology, and docking analysis that surely could revolutionize cancer treatment by exploiting prestigious phytochemicals. Crataegus monogyna is a small, rounded deciduous tree with glossy, deeply lobed leaves and flat sprays of cream flowers, followed by dark red berries in autumn. Various studies demonstrated that C. monogyna is therapeutically effective against breast cancer. However, the particular molecular mechanism is still unknown. This study is credited for locating bioactive substances, metabolic pathways, and target genes for breast cancer treatment. According to the current investigation, which examined compound-target genes-pathway networks, it was found that the bioactive compounds of C. monogyna may operate as a viable solution against breast cancer by altering the target genes implicated in the disease pathogenesis. The expression level of target genes was analyzed using GSE36295 microarray data. Docking analysis and molecular dynamic simulation studies further strengthened the current findings by validating the effective activity of the bioactive compounds against putative target genes. In summary, we propose that six key compounds, luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid, contributed to the development of breast cancer by affecting the MMP9 and PPARG proteins. Integration of network pharmacology and bioinformatics revealed C. monogyna's multitarget pharmacological mechanisms against breast cancer. This study provides convincing evidence that C. monogyna might partially alleviate breast cancer and ultimately lays a foundation for further experimental research on the anti-breast cancer activity of C. monogyna.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdur Rehman
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Nagaraja Sreeharsha, ; Abdur Rehman,
| | | | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Nagaraja Sreeharsha, ; Abdur Rehman,
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Aloufi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Majid M, Farhan A, Baig MW, Khan MT, Kamal Y, Hassan SSU, Bungau S, Haq IU. Ameliorative Effect of Structurally Divergent Oleanane Triterpenoid, 3-Epifriedelinol from Ipomoea batatas against BPA-Induced Gonadotoxicity by Targeting PARP and NF-κB Signaling in Rats. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010290. [PMID: 36615482 PMCID: PMC9822353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs) of plant origin are reputed to restrain prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation. This study aims to assess 3-epifriedelinol (EFD) isolated from aerial part of Ipomoea batatas against PCa and its potential mechanism, in vitro and in vivo. Molecular docking affirms good binding affinity of the compound with target proteins exhibiting binding energy of −7.9 Kcal/mol with BAX, −8.1 Kcal/mol (BCL-2), −1.9 Kcal/mol (NF-κB) and −8.5 Kcal/mol with P53. In the MTT assay, EFD treatment (3−50 µM) showed a significant (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) dose and time dependent drop in the proliferative graph of DU145 and PC3, and an upsurge in apoptotic cell population. EFD displayed substantial IC50 against DU145 (32.32 ± 3.72 µM) and PC3 (35.22 ± 3.47 µM). According to Western blots, EFD administration significantly enhanced the cleavage of caspases and PARP, elevated BAX and P53 and decreased BCL-2 and NF-κB expression, thereby triggering apoptosis in PCa cells. When male Sprague Dawley rats were intoxicated with Bisphenol A (BPA), an apparent increase in prostate mass (0.478 ± 0.08 g) in comparison to control (0.385 ± 0.03 g) indicates prostatitis. Multidose treatment of EFD (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced prostate size (0.404 ± 0.05 g). EFD exhibited substantial curative potential in vivo, as hematological, hormonal and histopathological parameters have been significantly improved. Reduced peroxidation (TBARS), and suppression of inflammatory markers i.e., NO, IL-6 and TNF-α, signposts substantial antiinflammatory potential of the compound. Overall, EFD has shown better binding affinity with target molecules, acceptable ADMET profile, potent antiproliferative and apoptotic nature and significant reduction in inflamed prostate mass of rats. The present study demonstrates acceptable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the compound with excellent drugable nature, hence EFD in the form of standardized formulation can be developed as primary or adjuvant therapy against PCa and toxins-induced gonadotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Majid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Anam Farhan
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waleed Baig
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Kamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.); (I.-u.H.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.); (I.-u.H.)
| | - Ihsan-ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.); (I.-u.H.)
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Khan N, Qazi NG, Khan AU, Ali F, Hassan SSU, Bungau S. Anti-diabetic Activity of Brucine in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats: In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46358-46370. [PMID: 36570195 PMCID: PMC9774404 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex and multiple group of disorders, and understanding the molecular mechanisms is a key role in identifying various markers involved in the diagnosis of the disease. Brucine is derived from the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica L. (Loganiaceae), which has been used in traditional medicine to cure a variety of ailments, such as chronic rheumatism, nervous system diseases, dyspepsia, gonorrhea, anemia, and bronchitis, and has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-snake venom, and anti-diabetic properties. The anti-diabetic potential of brucine was studied utilizing in vitro, in silico, in vivo, and molecular methods, including streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory assays, and via Auto-DocVina software. Brucine exhibits binding affinities of -5.0 to -10.1 Kcal/mol against chosen protein targets, according to an in silico investigation. In vitro studies revealed that brucine inhibited the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and brucine (20 mg/kg) reduced blood glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance overload, body weight, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase and elevated high-density lipoprotein levels in in vivo studies. The brucine binding energy against certain protein targets ranges from -5.0 to -10.1 Kcal/mol. It has anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, which are mediated via inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimat
Ullah Khan
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Islamabad44000, Pakistan
| | - Neelum Gul Qazi
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Islamabad44000, Pakistan
| | - Arif-ullah Khan
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Islamabad44000, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department
of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science
and Technology,Kohat2600, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of
Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, PR China
- Department
of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, PR China
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028Oradea, Romania
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Hassan SSU, Abbas SQ, Muhammad I, Wu JJ, Yan SK, Ali F, Majid M, Jin HZ, Bungau S. Metals-triggered compound CDPDP exhibits anti-arthritic behavior by downregulating the inflammatory cytokines, and modulating the oxidative storm in mice models with extensive ADMET, docking and simulation studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1053744. [PMID: 36506587 PMCID: PMC9727203 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1053744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering through abiotic stress, including chemical triggers like heavy metals, is a new technique for drug discovery. In this research, the effect of heavy metal Nickel on actinobacteria Streptomyces sp. SH-1327 to obtain a stress-derived compound was firstly investigated. A new compound cyclo-(D)-Pro-(D)-Phe (CDPDP) was triggered from the actinobacteria strain SH-1327 with the addition of nickel ions 1 mM. The stress compound was further evaluated for its anti-oxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity against rheumatoid arthritis through in-vitro and in-vivo assays in albino mice. A remarkable in-vitro anti-oxidant potential of CDPDP was recorded with the IC50 value of 30.06 ± 5.11 μg/ml in DPPH, IC50 of 18.98 ± 2.91 against NO free radicals, the IC50 value of 27.15 ± 3.12 against scavenging ability and IC50 value of 28.40 ± 3.14 μg/ml for iron chelation capacity. Downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO and MDA), suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-Iβ) and upregulation of expressions of anti-oxidant enzymes (GSH, catalase, and GST) unveiled its anti-inflammatory potential. CDPDP was analyzed in human chondrocyte cell line CHON-001 and the results demonstrated that CDPDP significantly increased cell survival, and inhibited apoptosis of IL-1β treated chondrocytes and IL-1β induced matrix degrading markers. In addition, to evaluate the mitochondrial fitness of CHON-001 cells, CDPDP significantly upregulated pgc1-α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, indicating that CDPDP provides protective effects in CHON-001 cells. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profile of the CDPDP showed that CDPDP is safe in cases of hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and cytochrome inhibition. Furthermore, docking results showed good binding of CDPDP with IL-6-17.4 kcal/mol, and the simulation studies proved the stability between ligand and protein. Therefore, the findings of the current study prospect CDPDP as a potent anti-oxidant and a plausible anti-arthritic agent with a strong pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Syed Qamar Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Muhammad
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Kai Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Islamabad, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Muhammad Majid, ; Hui-Zi Jin,
| | - Hui-Zi Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Muhammad Majid, ; Hui-Zi Jin,
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Aslam H, Khan AU, Qazi NG, Ali F, Hassan SSU, Bungau S. Pharmacological basis of bergapten in gastrointestinal diseases focusing on H+/K+ ATPase and voltage-gated calcium channel inhibition: A toxicological evaluation on vital organs. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1005154. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1005154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objectives: This study aimed to establish a pharmacological basis for evaluating the effects of bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) in gastrointestinal diseases and assessment of its toxicological profile.Methods: The pharmacokinetic profile was evaluated using the SwissADME tool. AUTODOCK and PyRx were used for evaluating the binding affinities. The obtained results were further investigated for a post-dock analysis using Discovery Studio Visualizer 2016. The Desmond software package was used to conduct molecular dynamic simulations of best bound poses. Bergapten was further investigated for antidiarrheal, anti-secretory, charcoal meal transit time, anti-ulcer, anti-H. pylori activity.Results: Bergapten at a dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg was proved effective in reducing diarrheal secretions, intestinal secretions, and distance moved by charcoal meal. Bergapten at the aforementioned doses acts as a gastroprotective agent in the ethanol-induced ulcer model that can be attributed to its effectiveness against H. pylori. Bergapten shows concentration-dependent relaxation of both spontaneous and K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions in the isolated rabbit jejunum model; the Ca2+ concentration–response curves (CRCs) were shifted to the right showing potentiating effect similar to papaverine. For molecular investigation, the H+/K+ ATPase inhibitory assay indicated inhibition of the pump comparable to omeprazole. Oxidative stress markers GST, GSH, and catalase showed increased expression, whereas the expression of LPO (lipid peroxidation) was reduced. Histopathological examination indicated marked improvement in cellular morphology. ELISA and western blot confirmed the reduction in inflammatory mediator expression. RT-PCR reduced the mRNA expression level of H+/K+ ATPase, confirming inhibition of the pump. The toxicological profile of bergapten was evaluated by an acute toxicity assay and evaluated for behavioral analysis, and the vital organs were used to analyze biochemical, hematological, and histopathological examination.Conclusion: Bergapten at the tested doses proved to be an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, and antidiarrheal agent and relatively safe in acute toxicity assay.
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Khan K, Alhar MSO, Abbas MN, Abbas SQ, Kazi M, Khan SA, Sadiq A, Hassan SSU, Bungau S, Jalal K. Integrated Bioinformatics-Based Subtractive Genomics Approach to Decipher the Therapeutic Drug Target and Its Possible Intervention against Brucellosis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:633. [PMID: 36354544 PMCID: PMC9687753 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella suis, one of the causative agents of brucellosis, is Gram-negative intracellular bacteria that may be found all over the globe and it is a significant facultative zoonotic pathogen found in livestock. It may adapt to a phagocytic environment, reproduce, and develop resistance to harmful environments inside host cells, which is a crucial part of the Brucella life cycle making it a worldwide menace. The molecular underpinnings of Brucella pathogenicity have been substantially elucidated due to comprehensive methods such as proteomics. Therefore, we aim to explore the complete Brucella suis proteome to prioritize the novel proteins as drug targets via subtractive proteo-genomics analysis, an effort to conjecture the existence of distinct pathways in the development of brucellosis. Consequently, 38 unique metabolic pathways having 503 proteins were observed while among these 503 proteins, the non-homologs (n = 421), essential (n = 350), drug-like (n = 114), virulence (n = 45), resistance (n = 42), and unique to pathogen proteins were retrieved from Brucella suis. The applied subsequent hierarchical shortlisting resulted in a protein, i.e., isocitrate lyase, that may act as potential drug target, which was finalized after the extensive literature survey. The interacting partners for these shortlisted drug targets were identified through the STRING database. Moreover, structure-based studies were also performed on isocitrate lyase to further analyze its function. For that purpose, ~18,000 ZINC compounds were screened to identify new potent drug candidates against isocitrate lyase for brucellosis. It resulted in the shortlisting of six compounds, i.e., ZINC95543764, ZINC02688148, ZINC20115475, ZINC04232055, ZINC04231816, and ZINC04259566 that potentially inhibit isocitrate lyase. However, the ADMET profiling showed that all compounds fulfill ADMET properties except for ZINC20115475 showing positive Ames activity; whereas, ZINC02688148, ZINC04259566, ZINC04232055, and ZINC04231816 showed hepatoxicity while all compounds were observed to have no skin sensitization. In light of these parameters, we recommend ZINC95543764 compound for further experimental studies. According to the present research, which uses subtractive genomics, proteins that might serve as therapeutic targets and potential lead options for eradicating brucellosis have been narrowed down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi City 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Naseer Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Qamar Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box-2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Khurshid Jalal
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi City 75270, Pakistan
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16
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Multitargeted Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation Studies of Bioactive Compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis against Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217241. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been associated with the hallmark features of cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and impaired synaptic transmission, which makes the associated proteins, such as β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE I), acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and synapsin I, II and III, major targets for therapeutic intervention. The present study investigated the therapeutic potential of three major phytochemicals of Rosmarinus officinalis, ursolic acid (UA), rosmarinic acid (RA) and carnosic acid (CA), based on their binding affinity with AD-associated proteins. Detailed docking studies were conducted using AutoDock vina followed by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations using Amber 20. The docking analysis of the selected molecules showed the binding energies of their interaction with the target proteins, while MD simulations comprising root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) and molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) binding free energy calculations were carried out to check the stability of bound complexes. The drug likeness and the pharmacokinetic properties of the selected molecules were also checked through the Lipinski filter and ADMETSAR analysis. All these bioactive compounds demonstrated strong binding affinity with AChE, BACE1 and synapsin I, II and III. The results showed UA and RA to be potential inhibitors of AChE and BACE1, exhibiting binding energies comparable to those of donepezil, used as a positive control. The drug likeness and pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds also demonstrated drug-like characteristics, indicating the need for further in vitro and in vivo investigations to ascertain their therapeutic potential for AD.
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Nisar R, Ahmad S, Khan KUR, Sherif AE, Alasmari F, Almuqati AF, Ovatlarnporn C, Khan MA, Umair M, Rao H, Ghalloo BA, Khurshid U, Dilshad R, Nassar KS, Korma SA. Metabolic Profiling by GC-MS, In Vitro Biological Potential, and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Verbena officinalis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196685. [PMID: 36235221 PMCID: PMC9573548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Verbena officinalis L. is a traditionally important medicinal herb that has a rich source of bioactive phytoconstituents with biological benefits. The objective of this study was to assess the metabolic profile and in vitro biological potential of V. officinalis. The bioactive phytoconstituents were evaluated by preliminary phytochemical studies, estimation of polyphenolic contents, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of all fractions (crude methanolic, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) of V. officinalis. The biological investigation was performed by different assays including antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP), enzyme inhibition assays (urease and α-glucosidase), and hemolytic activity. The ethyl acetate extract had the maximum concentration of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (394.30 ± 1.09 mg GAE·g-1 DE and 137.35 ± 0.94 mg QE·g-1 DE, respectively). Significant antioxidant potential was observed in all fractions by all four antioxidant methods. Maximum urease inhibitory activity in terms of IC50 value was shown by ethyl acetate fraction (10 ± 1.60 µg mL-1) in comparison to standard hydroxy urea (9.8 ± 1.20 µg·mL-1). The n-hexane extract showed good α-glucosidase inhibitory efficacy (420 ± 20 µg·mL-1) as compared to other extract/fractions. Minimum hemolytic activity was found in crude methanolic fraction (6.5 ± 0.94%) in comparison to positive standard Triton X-100 (93.5 ± 0.48%). The GC-MS analysis of all extract/fractions of V. officinalis including crude methanolic, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions, resulted in the identification of 24, 56, 25, and 9 bioactive compounds, respectively, with 80% quality index. Furthermore, the bioactive compounds identified by GC-MS were analyzed using in silico molecular docking studies to determine the binding affinity between ligands and enzymes (urease and α-glucosidase). In conclusion, V. officinalis possesses multiple therapeutical potentials, and further research is needed to explore its use in the treatment of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Nisar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Sciences and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72404, USA
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Kashif-ur-Rehman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (K.-u.-R.K.); (M.U.); Tel.: +92-33-6670-8638 (K.-u.-R.K.); +86-177-1291-5202 (M.U.)
| | - Asmaa E. Sherif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf F. Almuqati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chitchamai Ovatlarnporn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
| | - Mohsin Abbas Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (K.-u.-R.K.); (M.U.); Tel.: +92-33-6670-8638 (K.-u.-R.K.); +86-177-1291-5202 (M.U.)
| | - Huma Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmad Ghalloo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Umair Khurshid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Dilshad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Khaled S. Nassar
- Department of Food, Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Ullah F, Ullah S, Khan MFA, Mustaqeem M, Paracha RN, Rehman MFU, Kanwal F, Hassan SSU, Bungau S. Fluorescent and Phosphorescent Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles and Crown Ethers: Biological and Pharmaceutical Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196631. [PMID: 36235167 PMCID: PMC9573242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent molecules absorb photons of specific wavelengths and emit a longer wavelength photon within nanoseconds. Recently, fluorescent materials have been widely used in the life and material sciences. Fluorescently labelled heterocyclic compounds are useful in bioanalytical applications, including in vivo imaging, high throughput screening, diagnostics, and light-emitting diodes. These compounds have various therapeutic properties, including antifungal, antitumor, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Different neutral fluorescent markers containing nitrogen heterocycles (quinolones, azafluoranthenes, pyrazoloquinolines, etc.) have several electrochemical, biological, and nonlinear optic applications. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which destroys tumors and keeps normal tissues safe, works in the presence of molecular oxygen with light and a photosensitizing drugs (dye) to obtain a therapeutic effect. These compounds can potentially be effective templates for producing devices used in biological research. Blending crown compounds with fluorescent residues to create sensors has been frequently investigated. Florescent heterocyclic compounds (crown ether) increase metal solubility in non-aqueous fluids, broadening the application window. Fluorescent supramolecular polymers have widespread use in fluorescent materials, fluorescence probing, data storage, bio-imaging, drug administration, reproduction, biocatalysis, and cancer treatment. The employment of fluorophores, including organic chromophores and crown ethers, which have high selectivity, sensitivity, and stability constants, opens up new avenues for research. Fluorescent organic compounds are gaining importance in the biological world daily because of their diverse functionality with remarkable structural features and positive properties in the fields of medicine, photochemistry, and spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (F.U.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad Expressway, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mustaqeem
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Nasir Paracha
- Department of Chemistry, Sub Campus, University of Sargodha, Bhakkar 30000, Pakistan
| | | | - Fariha Kanwal
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (F.U.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (F.U.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
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Baig MW, Majid M, Nasir B, Hassan SSU, Bungau S, Haq IU. Toxicity evaluation induced by single and 28-days repeated exposure of withametelin and daturaolone in Sprague Dawley rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999078. [PMID: 36225589 PMCID: PMC9549072 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe preclinical dose determination is predictive of human toxicity and can have a profound impact on the overall progress of the compound in early drug discovery process. In this respect, current study sought to investigate for the first time the acute and subacute oral toxicity of two pharmacologically active natural compounds i.e., withametelin and daturaolone in Sprague Dawley rats following OECD guideline 420 and 407, respectively. As per acute toxicity studies, withametelin and daturaolone were characterized as Globally Harmonized System (GHS) category 4 and 5 compounds, respectively. Sub-acute daily dose of withametelin was 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/kg but, for daturaolone, it was 10, 5, and 2.5 mg/kg. High dose (5 and 2.5 mg/kg) withametelin groups showed dose dependent changes in the general, hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters in both sexes, the most prominent being hyperthyroidism while no toxicity was observed at lower doses (1.25 and 0.75 mg/kg), No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) being 1.25 mg/kg. Daturaolone was comparatively safer and showed dose dependent significant changes in hepatic enzyme (Alanine Transaminase), bilirubin, creatinine, and glucose levels while histological changes in testes were also observed. Lower doses (5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/kg) of daturaolone showed no significant toxic effects and 5 mg/kg was declared as its NOAEL. Depending upon our findings, starting effective oral dose levels of 1.25 mg/kg/day for withametelin and 5 mg/kg/day for daturaolone are proposed for repeated dose (up to 28 days) preclinical pharmacological evaluation models. Long term studies with more behavioral, biochemical, histopathological and hormonal parameters are proposed to strengthen the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bakht Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Syed Shams ul Hassan, ; Simona Bungau, ; Ihsan-ul Haq, ,
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- *Correspondence: Syed Shams ul Hassan, ; Simona Bungau, ; Ihsan-ul Haq, ,
| | - Ihsan-ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Syed Shams ul Hassan, ; Simona Bungau, ; Ihsan-ul Haq, ,
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Qazi NG, Khan AU, Abbasi SW, Shah FA, Rasheed F, Ali F, Hassan SSU, Bungau S. Pharmacological Basis of Rumex hastatus D. Don in Gastrointestinal Diseases with Focusing Effects on H+/K+-ATPase, Calcium Channels Inhibition and PDE Mediated Signaling: Toxicological Evaluation on Vital Organs. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185919. [PMID: 36144661 PMCID: PMC9502566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This present study aimed to delineate Rumex hastatus D. Don crude extract (Rh.Cr), n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, aqueous fractions (Rh.n-Hex, Rh.ETAC, Rh.Aq) and rutin for antidiarrheal, antisecretory effects, anti-spasmodic, gastrointestinal transient time, anti H. pylori, antiulcer effects, and toxicology. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of Rumex hastatus showed different phytoconstituents and shows different peaks in GC-MC chromatogram. Rumex hastatus crude extract (Rh.Cr), fractions, and rutin attributed dose-dependent (50–300 mg/kg) protection (0–100%) against castor oil-induced diarrhea and dose-dependently inhibited intestinal fluid secretions in mice. They decreased the distance traversed by charcoal in the gastrointestinal transit model in rats. In rabbit jejunum preparations, Rh.Cr and Rh.ETAC caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of both spontaneous and K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions at a similar concentration range, whereas Rh.n-Hex, rutin, and verapamil were relatively potent against K+-induced contractions and shifted the Ca2+ concentration–response curves (CRCs) to the right, Rh.Cr (0.3–1 mg/mL) and Rh.ETAC (0.1–0.3 mg/mL) shifted the isoprenaline-induced inhibitory CRCs to the left. Rh.n-Hex, Rh.ETAC and rutin showed anti-H. pylori effect, also shows an inhibitory effect against H+/K+-ATPase. Rumex hastatus showed gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. Histopathological evaluation showed improvement in cellular architecture and a decrease in the expression of inflammatory markers such as, cyclooxygenase (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TN,F-α) and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NFƙB), validated through immunohistochemistry and ELISA techniques. In RT-PCR it decreases H+/K+-ATPase mRNA levels. Rumex hastatus was found to be safe to consume up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg in a comprehensive toxicity profile. Docking studies revealed that rutin against H+/K+-ATPase pump and voltage-gated L-type calcium channel showed E-values of −8.7 and −9.4 Kcal/mol, respectively. MD simulations Molecular Mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area and molecular mechanics Generalized Born surface area (MMPBSA/GBSA) findings are consistent with the in-vitro, in-vivo and docking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelum Gul Qazi
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Arif-ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.-u.K.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Sumra Wajid Abbasi
- Nums Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Rasheed
- BreathMAT Lab., Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (A.-u.K.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.-u.K.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
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Efficacy of 2-Hydroxyflavanone in Rodent Models of Pain and Inflammation: Involvement of Opioidergic and GABAergic Anti-Nociceptive Mechanisms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175431. [PMID: 36080199 PMCID: PMC9457732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work examined the pharmacological potential of a selected flavanone derivative 2-hydroxyflavanone as a promising remedy for the treatment and management of pain. The selected flavanone derivative (2-HF) was evaluated for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory potentials following standard pharmacological protocols including hot plate, acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion tests. Naloxone and pentylenetetrazol were used to evaluate the potential implication of GABAergic and opioidergic mechanisms. The anti-inflammatory potential of 2-HF was confirmed using carrageenan-, serotonin- and histamine-induced paw edema models as well as a xylene-induced ear edema model. Furthermore, the anti-neuropathic potential of 2-HF was tested using a cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain model. Our sample, at the tested concentrations of 15, 30 and 45 mg kg−1, showed considerable analgesic, anti-inflammatory effects, as well as efficacy against neuropathic pain. Naloxone and pentylenetetrazol at 1 and 15 mg kg−1 antagonized the anti-nociceptive activities of 2-hydroxyflavanone indicating the involvement of opioidergic and GABAergic mechanisms. In the static allodynia model, combination of gabapentin 75 mg kg−1 with 2-HF at 15, 30, 45 mg kg−1 doses exhibited considerable efficacy. In cold allodynia, 2-hydroxyflavanone, at doses of 15, 30 and 45 mg kg−1 and in combination with gabapentin (75 mg kg−1), demonstrated prominent anti-allodynic effects. The paw withdrawal latency was considerably increased in gabapentin + cisplatin treated groups. Moreover, cisplatin + 2-hydroxyflavanone 15, 30, 45 mg kg−1 showed increases in paw withdrawal latency. Likewise, considerable efficacy was observed for 2-hydroxyflavanone in thermal hyperalgesia and dynamic allodynia models. Our findings suggest that 2-hydroxyflavanone is a potential remedy for pain syndrome, possibly mediated through opioidergic and GABAergic mechanisms.
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Novel Isoxazole Derivative Attenuates Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury through Inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase Pump, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165065. [PMID: 36014311 PMCID: PMC9415046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoxazole derivatives are significant enough due to their wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic activities. The purpose of the current study is to use computational, in vitro, in vivo, and extensive molecular approaches to examine the possible anti-ulcer activity of 4-benzylidene-3 methyl-1,2-isoxazol-5(4H)-one (MBO). Biovia Discovery Studio visualizer (DSV) was utilized for virtual screening. A tissue antioxidant investigation, H+/K+-ATPase test, and anti-H. pylori activities were carried out. ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and PCR methods were employed for the proteome analysis. An ethanol-induced stomach ulcer model was used to examine the anti-ulcer potential in rats. The binding affinities for MBO ranged from −5.4 to −8.2 Kcal/mol. In vitro findings revealed inhibitory activity against H. pylori and the H+/K+-ATPase pump. It also enhanced levels of glutathione, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase and reduced lipid peroxidation levels in gastric tissues of rats. In vivo results showed the gastro-protective effect of MBO (30 mg/kg) in ulcerative rat stomachs. The proteomic study revealed decreased expression of inflammatory markers (cyclooxygenase-2, p-NFkB, and TNF-α). In RT-PCR analysis, the expression levels of H+/K+-ATPase were reduced. Furthermore, ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) studies revealed that MBO has high GIT solubility and has a safer profile for cardiac toxicity. This study suggests that MBO displayed anti-ulcer potential, which may have been mediated through the inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase pump, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. It has the potential to be a lead molecule in the treatment of peptic ulcers with fewer adverse effects.
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Pharmacological Inhibition of Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Breast Cancer Progression. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134049. [PMID: 35807290 PMCID: PMC9268373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signaling molecule, is associated with the development of various malignancies via modulating various cellular signaling cascades. Published research has established the fact that inhibition of endogenous H2S production or exposure of H2S donors is an effective approach against cancer progression. However, the effect of pharmacological inhibition of endogenous H2S-producing enzymes (cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MPST)) on the growth of breast cancer (BC) remains unknown. In the present study, DL-propargylglycine (PAG, inhibitor of CSE), aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, inhibitor of CBS), and L-aspartic acid (L-Asp, inhibitor of 3-MPST) were used to determine the role of endogenous H2S in the growth of BC by in vitro and in vivo experiments. An in silico study was also performed to confirm the results. Corresponding to each enzyme in separate groups, we treated BC cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) with 10 mM of PAG, AOAA, and L-Asp for 24 h. Findings reveal that the combined dose (PAG + AOAA + L-Asp) group showed exclusive inhibitory effects on BC cells’ viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion compared to the control group. Further, treated cells exhibited increased apoptosis and a reduced level of phospho (p)-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases such as p-AKT, p-PI3K, and p-mTOR. Moreover, the combined group exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the growth of BC xenograft tumors in nude mice, without obvious toxicity. The molecular docking results were consistent with the wet lab experiments and enhanced the reliability of the drugs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the inhibition of endogenous H2S production can significantly inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells via the AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway and suggest that endogenous H2S may act as a promising therapeutic target in human BC cells. Our study also empowers the rationale to design novel H2S-based anti-tumor drugs to cure BC.
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