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Muzzarelli KM, Kuiper B, Spellmon N, Brunzelle J, Hackett J, Amblard F, Zhou S, Liu P, Kovari IA, Yang Z, Schinazi RF, Kovari LC. Structural and Antiviral Studies of the Human Norovirus GII.4 Protease. Biochemistry 2019; 58:900-907. [PMID: 30605321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide with a yearly reported 700 million cases driving a $60 billion global socioeconomic burden. With no United States Food and Drug Administration approved therapeutics and the chance for severe chronic infection and life-threatening complications, researchers have identified the protease as a potential target. However, drug development has focused on the norovirus GI.1 strain despite its accounting for less than 5% of all outbreaks. Our lab aims to change focus for norovirus drug design from GI.1 to the highly infective GII.4, responsible for more than 50% of all outbreaks worldwide. With the first published crystal structure of the norovirus GII.4 protease, we have identified several significant differences in the structure and active site that have hindered development of a potent inhibitor targeting the norovirus GII.4 protease. With these new insights, we have begun designing compounds that demonstrate increased inhibition of the clinically most relevant norovirus GII.4 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall M Muzzarelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
| | - Benjamin Kuiper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
| | - Nicholas Spellmon
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
| | - Joseph Brunzelle
- Synchrotron Research Center, Life Science Collaborative Access Team , Northwestern University , Argonne , Illinois United States
| | - Justin Hackett
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
| | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Shaoman Zhou
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Iulia A Kovari
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Ladislau C Kovari
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
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