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Peng S, Wu X, Zheng Q, Xu J, Xie D, Zhou M, Wang M, Cheng Y, Ye L, Mo X, Feng Z. Downregulating NHE-1 decreases the apoptosis of hippocampal cells in epileptic model rats based on the NHE-1/calpain1 pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18336. [PMID: 37539113 PMCID: PMC10395532 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seizure is associated with pathological changes of hippocampus, but the mechanism by which hippocampal neuronal apoptosis promotes epilepsy is unclear. Our previous study showed that the expression of NHE-1 was increased in epileptic model rats. Therefore, this study further explores the effect of NHE-1 on hippocampal cells apoptosis and seizure in lithium chloride-pilocarpine epileptic model rats. First, we established a lithium chloride-pilocarpine induced epileptic rat model and detected the expression of NHE-1, calpain1 and apoptosis in the hippocampus. Then, we further down-regulated NHE-1 to observe the expression of calpain1 and apoptosis in the hippocampus, as well as its effect on seizures in rats. We found that the expression of NHE-1 and calpain1 and apoptosis in the hippocampus was significant increased in the model group. After down-regulating NHE-1, the expression of calpain1 was decreased, and hippocampal cell apoptosis was alleviated. In addition, down-regulation of NHE-1 reduced the frequency and duration of seizures in epileptic rats. Therefore, hippocampal NHE-1 overexpression is closely related to the development of neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of epilepsy, and downregulating NHE-1 expression can reduce cell apoptosis. Moreover, the NHE-1/calpain1 signaling pathway may be an important mechanism leading to hippocampal cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Guiyang, China
| | - Xuling Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Guiyang, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine,Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongjun Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Guiyang, China
| | - Mengyun Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongran Cheng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Ye
- The Medical Function Laboratory of Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangang Mo
- Comprehensive Ward, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhanhui Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Guiyang, China
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Zaccara G, Lattanzi S, Cincotta M, Russo E. Drug treatments in patients with cardiac diseases and epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2020; 142:37-49. [PMID: 32259277 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comorbidity between epilepsy and heart diseases is frequent. METHODS All drugs classified within the group of drugs for cardiovascular system according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system were reviewed for their effects on seizures or epilepsy. RESULTS Several agents showed antiseizure properties in animal models of seizures and/or in patients with epilepsy and only few were proconvulsant. Drugs with anticonvulsant effects include mecamylamine and guanfacine (antihypertensive drugs), indapamide, amiloride, furosemide and bumetanide (diuretics), fasudil (peripheral vasodilator), bioflavonoids (vasoprotective drug), propranolol (beta blocking agent), isradipine, nimodipine, verapamil and diltiazem (calcium channel blockers: CCBs), fosinopril and zofenopril (agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system), several statins, and fenofibrate (lipid-modifying agents). Drugs with proconvulsant properties in experimental models or in patients include reserpine, buflomedil, naftidrofuryl, and clonidine and propranolol at high doses. Drug-drug interactions (DDI) between antiseizure medications (ASMs) and drugs for cardiovascular system were also searched in two leading publicly accessible drug compendia. The most important DDIs occur between enzyme-inducing (EI) ASMs and ivabradine, ranolazine, macitenan and between EI-ASMs and the CCBs felodipine, nicardipine, nisoldipine, and verapamil. Simvastatin and atorvastatin are the lipid-modifying agents with more DDIs with EI-ASMs. Several pharmacodynamic interactions have been also documented. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Available data show that the treatment of patients with epilepsy and vascular comorbidities is challenging and requires the appropriate knowledge of pharmacological properties of drugs and drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Lattanzi
- Neurological Clinic Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Marche Polytechnic University Ancona Italy
| | - Massimo Cincotta
- Unit of Neurology of Florence Central Tuscany Local Health Authority Firenze Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department School of Medicine University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro Catanzaro Italy
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3
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Bonnet U. The sour side of vitamin C might mediate neuroprotective, anticonvulsive and antidepressant-like effects. Med Hypotheses 2019; 131:109320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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4
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Patak J, Hess JL, Zhang-James Y, Glatt SJ, Faraone SV. SLC9A9 Co-expression modules in autism-associated brain regions. Autism Res 2016; 10:414-429. [PMID: 27439572 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SLC9A9 is a sodium hydrogen exchanger present in the recycling endosome and highly expressed in the brain. It is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Little research concerning its gene expression patterns and biological pathways has been conducted. We sought to investigate its possible biological roles in autism-associated brain regions throughout development. We conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis on RNA-seq data downloaded from Brainspan. We compared prenatal and postnatal gene expression networks for three ASD-associated brain regions known to have high SLC9A9 gene expression. We also performed an ASD-associated single nucleotide polymorphism enrichment analysis and a cell signature enrichment analysis. The modules showed differences in gene constituents (membership), gene number, and connectivity throughout time. SLC9A9 was highly associated with immune system functions, metabolism, apoptosis, endocytosis, and signaling cascades. Gene list comparison with co-immunoprecipitation data was significant for multiple modules. We found a disproportionately high autism risk signal among genes constituting the prenatal hippocampal module. The modules were enriched with astrocyte and oligodendrocyte markers. SLC9A9 is potentially involved in the pathophysiology of ASDs. Our investigation confirmed proposed functions for SLC9A9, such as endocytosis and immune regulation, while also revealing potential roles in mTOR signaling and cell survival.. By providing a concise molecular map and interactions, evidence of cell type and implicated brain regions we hope this will guide future research on SLC9A9. Autism Res 2017, 10: 414-429. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameson Patak
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Jonathan L Hess
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Yanli Zhang-James
- Department of Psychiatry, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Stephen J Glatt
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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5
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Du C, Zheng F, Wang X. Exploring novel AEDs from drugs used for treatment of non-epileptic disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:449-61. [PMID: 27010915 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2016.1158101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease. Although many anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) have been developed for clinical use, they have no effect on 20-30% of patients and do not generally prevent epileptogenesis. Because of the long development cycle for new AEDs and the high cost, increasing efforts are being made to find anti-epileptic effects among drugs that are already listed for the treatment of other diseases and repurpose them as potential anti-epileptic treatments. Here, we review the progress that has been made in this field as a result of animal and clinical trials of drugs such as rapamycin, everolimus, losartan, celecoxib, bumetanide and other non-epileptic drugs. These drugs can prevent the epileptogenesis, reduce the epileptic pathological changes, and even be used to treat intractable epilepsy. Their mechanisms of action are completely different from those of existing AEDs, prompting researchers to change their perspectives in the search for new AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Fangshuo Zheng
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xuenfeng Wang
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
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6
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Zhao H, Carney KE, Falgoust L, Pan JW, Sun D, Zhang Z. Emerging roles of Na⁺/H⁺ exchangers in epilepsy and developmental brain disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 138-140:19-35. [PMID: 26965387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by recurrent transient neurological events occurring due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. The CNS is affected by systemic acid-base disorders, and epileptic seizures are sensitive indicators of underlying imbalances in cellular pH regulation. Na(+)/H(+) exchangers (NHEs) are a family of membrane transporter proteins actively involved in regulating intracellular and organellar pH by extruding H(+) in exchange for Na(+) influx. Altering NHE function significantly influences neuronal excitability and plays a role in epilepsy. This review gives an overview of pH regulatory mechanisms in the brain with a special focus on the NHE family and the relationship between epilepsy and dysfunction of NHE isoforms. We first discuss how cells translocate acids and bases across the membrane and establish pH homeostasis as a result of the concerted effort of enzymes and ion transporters. We focus on the specific roles of the NHE family by detailing how the loss of NHE1 in two NHE mutant mice results in enhanced neuronal excitability in these animals. Furthermore, we highlight new findings on the link between mutations of NHE6 and NHE9 and developmental brain disorders including epilepsy, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These studies demonstrate the importance of NHE proteins in maintaining H(+) homeostasis and their intricate roles in the regulation of neuronal function. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying NHE1, 6, and 9 dysfunctions in epilepsy formation may advance the development of new epilepsy treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanshu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Karen E Carney
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lindsay Falgoust
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jullie W Pan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zhongling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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The Effects of Amiloride on Seizure Activity, Cognitive Deficits and Seizure-Induced Neurogenesis in a Novel Rat Model of Febrile Seizures. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:933-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Pescosolido MF, Stein DM, Schmidt M, El Achkar CM, Sabbagh M, Rogg JM, Tantravahi U, McLean RL, Liu JS, Poduri A, Morrow EM. Genetic and phenotypic diversity of NHE6 mutations in Christianson syndrome. Ann Neurol 2014; 76:581-93. [PMID: 25044251 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, Christianson syndrome (CS) has been determined to be caused by mutations in the X-linked Na(+) /H(+) exchanger 6 (NHE6). We aimed to determine the diagnostic criteria and mutational spectrum for CS. METHODS Twelve independent pedigrees (14 boys, age = 4-19 years) with mutations in NHE6 were administered standardized research assessments, and mutations were characterized. RESULTS The mutational spectrum was composed of 9 single nucleotide variants, 2 indels, and 1 copy number variation deletion. All mutations were protein-truncating or splicing mutations. We identified 2 recurrent mutations (c.1498 c>t, p.R500X; and c.1710 g>a, p.W570X). Otherwise, all mutations were unique. In our study, 7 of 12 mutations (58%) were de novo, in contrast to prior literature wherein mutations were largely inherited. We also report prominent neurological, medical, and behavioral symptoms. All CS participants were nonverbal and had intellectual disability, epilepsy, and ataxia. Many had prior diagnoses of autism and/or Angelman syndrome. Other neurologic symptoms included eye movement abnormalities (79%), postnatal microcephaly (92%), and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of cerebellar atrophy (33%). Regression was noted in 50%, with recurrent presentations involving loss of words and/or the ability to walk. Medical symptoms, particularly gastrointestinal symptoms, were common. Height and body mass index measures were below normal ranges in most participants. Behavioral symptoms included hyperkinetic behavior (100%), and a majority exhibited high pain threshold. INTERPRETATION This is the largest cohort of independent CS pedigrees reported. We propose diagnostic criteria for CS. CS represents a novel neurogenetic disorder with general relevance to autism, intellectual disability, Angelman syndrome, epilepsy, and regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Pescosolido
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry and Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI; Developmental Disorders Genetics Research Program, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, East Providence, RI
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9
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Zanni G, Barresi S, Cohen R, Specchio N, Basel-Vanagaite L, Valente EM, Shuper A, Vigevano F, Bertini E. A novel mutation in the endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger NHE6 (SLC9A6) causes Christianson syndrome with electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep (ESES). Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:811-5. [PMID: 24630051 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the solute carrier family 9, subfamily A member 6 (SLC9A6) gene, encoding the endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger 6 (NHE6) are associated with Christianson syndrome, a syndromic form of X-linked intellectual disability characterized by microcephaly, severe global developmental delay, autistic behavior, early onset seizures and ataxia. In a 7-year-old boy with characteristic clinical and neuroimaging features of Christianson syndrome and epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spikes and waves during sleep, we identified a novel splice site mutation (IVS10-1G>A) in SLC9A6. These findings expand the clinical spectrum of the syndrome and indicate NHE6 dysfunction as a new cause of electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep (ESES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Unit of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roni Cohen
- Schneider's Children Medical Center of Israel and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lina Basel-Vanagaite
- Schneider's Children Medical Center of Israel and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Unit of Neurogenetics, Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Avinoam Shuper
- Schneider's Children Medical Center of Israel and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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10
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Bhowmik M, Khanam R, Vohora D. Histamine H3 receptor antagonists in relation to epilepsy and neurodegeneration: a systemic consideration of recent progress and perspectives. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 167:1398-414. [PMID: 22758607 PMCID: PMC3514756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The central histaminergic actions are mediated by H(1) , H(2) , H(3) and H(4) receptors. The histamine H(3) receptor regulates the release of histamine and a number of other neurotransmitters and thereby plays a role in cognitive and homeostatic processes. Elevated histamine levels suppress seizure activities and appear to confer neuroprotection. The H(3) receptors have a number of enigmatic features like constitutive activity, interspecies variation, distinct ligand binding affinities and differential distribution of prototypic splice variants in the CNS. Furthermore, this Gi/Go-protein-coupled receptor modulates several intracellular signalling pathways whose involvement in epilepsy and neurotoxicity are yet to be ascertained and hence represent an attractive target in the search for new anti-epileptogenic drugs. So far, H(3) receptor antagonists/inverse agonists have garnered a great deal of interest in view of their promising therapeutic properties in various CNS disorders including epilepsy and related neurotoxicity. However, a number of experiments have yielded opposing effects. This article reviews recent works that have provided evidence for diverse mechanisms of antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects that were observed in various experimental models both in vitro and in vivo. The likely reasons for the apparent disparities arising from the literature are also discussed with the aim of establishing a more reliable basis for the future use of H(3) receptor antagonists, thus improving their utility in epilepsy and associated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhowmik
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Neurol 2010; 23:194-201. [DOI: 10.1097/wco.0b013e328338cade] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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