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Nguyen H, Zarriello S, Coats A, Nelson C, Kingsbury C, Gorsky A, Rajani M, Neal EG, Borlongan CV. Stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: A focus on aging. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 126:85-104. [PMID: 30219376 PMCID: PMC6650276 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurological disorders continue to pose a significant societal and economic burden. Aging is a complex phenomenon that affects many aspects of the human body. Specifically, aging can have detrimental effects on the progression of brain diseases and endogenous stem cells. Stem cell therapies possess promising potential to mitigate the neurological symptoms of such diseases. However, aging presents a major obstacle for maximum efficacy of these treatments. In this review, we discuss current preclinical and clinical literature to highlight the interactions between aging, stem cell therapy, and the progression of major neurological disease states such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and multiple system atrophy. We raise important questions to guide future research and advance novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sydney Zarriello
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexandreya Coats
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cannon Nelson
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chase Kingsbury
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Anna Gorsky
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mira Rajani
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Elliot G Neal
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Endometrial Stem Cell Markers: Current Concepts and Unresolved Questions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103240. [PMID: 30347708 PMCID: PMC6214006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human endometrium is a highly regenerative organ undergoing over 400 cycles of shedding and regeneration over a woman’s lifetime. Menstrual shedding and the subsequent repair of the functional layer of the endometrium is a process unique to humans and higher-order primates. This massive regenerative capacity is thought to have a stem cell basis, with human endometrial stromal stem cells having already been extensively studied. Studies on endometrial epithelial stem cells are sparse, and the current belief is that the endometrial epithelial stem cells reside in the terminal ends of the basalis glands at the endometrial/myometrial interface. Since almost all endometrial pathologies are thought to originate from aberrations in stem cells that regularly regenerate the functionalis layer, expansion of our current understanding of stem cells is necessary in order for curative treatment strategies to be developed. This review critically appraises the postulated markers in order to identify endometrial stem cells. It also examines the current evidence supporting the existence of epithelial stem cells in the human endometrium that are likely to be involved both in glandular regeneration and in the pathogenesis of endometrial proliferative diseases such as endometriosis and endometrial cancer.
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Neal EG, Liska MG, Lippert T, Lin R, Gonzalez M, Russo E, Xu K, Ji X, Vale FL, Van Loveren H, Borlongan CV. An update on intracerebral stem cell grafts. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:557-572. [PMID: 29961357 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1491309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary neurological disorders are notoriously debilitating and deadly, and over the past four decades stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment. Translation of stem cell therapies from the bench to the clinic requires a better understanding of delivery protocols, safety profile, and efficacy in each disease. Areas covered: In this review, benefits and risks of intracerebral stem cell transplantation are presented for consideration. Milestone discoveries in stem cell applications are reviewed to examine the efficacy and safety of intracerebral stem cell transplant therapy for disorders of the central nervous system and inform design of translatable protocols for clinically feasible stem cell-based treatments. Expert commentary: Intracerebral administration, compared to peripheral delivery, is more invasive and carries the risk of open brain surgery. However, direct cell implantation bypasses the blood-brain barrier and reduces the first-pass effect, effectively increasing the therapeutic cell deposition at its intended site of action. These benefits must be weighed with the risk of graft-versus-host immune response. Rigorous clinical trials are underway to assess the safety and efficacy of intracerebral transplants, and if successful will lead to widely available stem cell therapies for neurologic diseases in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot G Neal
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, USF Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - M Grant Liska
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, USF Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Trenton Lippert
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, USF Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Roger Lin
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, USF Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Melissa Gonzalez
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, USF Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Eleonora Russo
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, USF Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Kaya Xu
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, USF Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Fernando L Vale
- c USF Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Harry Van Loveren
- c USF Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, USF Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
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Abstract
The field of stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising research area for brain repair. Optimizing the safety and efficacy of the therapy for clinical trials will require revisiting transplantation protocols. The cell delivery route stands as a key translational item that warrants careful consideration in facilitating the success of stem cell therapy in the clinic. Intracerebral administration, compared to peripheral route, requires an invasive procedure to directly implant stem cells into injured brain. Although invasive, intracerebral transplantation circumvents the prohibitive blood brain barrier in allowing grafted cells when delivered peripherally to penetrate the brain and reach the discreet damaged brain tissues. This review will highlight milestone discoveries in cell therapy for neurological disorders, with emphasis on intracerebral transplantation in relevant animal models and provide insights necessary to optimize the safety and efficacy of cell therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, stroke and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanny Reyes
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, MDC 78, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Tajiri N, Quach DM, Kaneko Y, Wu S, Lee D, Lam T, Hayama KL, Hazel TG, Johe K, Wu MC, Borlongan CV. Behavioral and histopathological assessment of adult ischemic rat brains after intracerebral transplantation of NSI-566RSC cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91408. [PMID: 24614895 PMCID: PMC3948841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability, with very limited treatment option. Cell-based therapies have emerged as potential treatments for stroke. Indeed, studies have shown that transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) exerts functional benefits in stroke models. However, graft survival and integration with the host remain pressing concerns with cell-based treatments. The current study set out to investigate those very issues using a human NSC line, NSI-566RSC, in a rat model of ischemic stroke induced by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Seven days after stroke surgery, those animals that showed significant motor and neurological impairments were randomly assigned to receive NSI-566RSC intracerebral transplants at two sites within the striatum at three different doses: group A (0 cells/µl), group B (5,000 cells/µl), group C (10,000 cells/µl), and group D (20,000 cells/µl). Weekly behavioral tests, starting at seven days and continued up to 8 weeks after transplantation, revealed dose-dependent recovery from both motor and neurological deficits in transplanted stroke animals. Eight weeks after cell transplantation, immunohistochemical investigations via hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed infarct size was similar across all groups. To identify the cell graft, and estimate volume, immunohistochemistry was performed using two human-specific antibodies: one to detect all human nuclei (HuNu), and another to detect human neuron-specific enolase (hNSE). Surviving cell grafts were confirmed in 10/10 animals of group B, 9/10 group C, and 9/10 in group D. hNSE and HuNu staining revealed similar graft volume estimates in transplanted stroke animals. hNSE-immunoreactive fibers were also present within the corpus callosum, coursing in parallel with host tracts, suggesting a propensity to follow established neuroanatomical features. Despite absence of reduction in infarct volume, NSI-566RSC transplantation produced behavioral improvements possibly via robust engraftment and neuronal differentiation, supporting the use of this NSC line for stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tajiri
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - David M. Quach
- Neuralstem, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuji Kaneko
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Wu
- Neuralstem, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Lee
- Neuralstem, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tina Lam
- Neuralstem, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ken L. Hayama
- Neuralstem, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas G. Hazel
- Neuralstem, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karl Johe
- Neuralstem, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Wu
- Neurodigitech, LLC., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
With a constellation of stem cell sources available, researchers hope to utilize their potential for cellular repair as a therapeutic target for disease. However, many lab-to-clinic translational considerations must be given in determining their efficacy, variables such as the host response, effects on native tissue, and potential for generating tumors. This review will discuss the current knowledge of stem cell research in neurological disease, mainly stroke, with a focus on the benefits, limitations, and clinical potential.
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