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Gezek M, Altunbek M, Torres Gouveia ME, Camci-Unal G. 3D Printed Eggshell Microparticle-Laden Thermoplastic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32957-32970. [PMID: 38885611 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, an additive manufacturing technique, is increasingly used in the field of tissue engineering. The ability to create complex structures with high precision makes the 3D printing of this material a preferred method for constructing personalized and functional materials. However, the challenge lies in developing affordable and accessible materials with the desired physiochemical and biological properties. In this study, we used eggshell microparticles (ESPs), an example of bioceramic and unconventional biomaterials, to reinforce thermoplastic poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds via extrusion-based 3D printing. The goal was to conceive a sustainable, affordable, and unique personalized medicine approach. The scaffolds were fabricated with varying concentrations of eggshells, ranging from 0 to 50% (w/w) in the PCL scaffolds. To assess the physicochemical properties, we employed scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Mechanical properties were evaluated through compression testing, and degradation kinetics were studied through accelerated degradation with the remaining mass ranging between 89.4 and 28.3%. In vitro, we evaluated the characteristics of the scaffolds using the MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts over a 14 day period. In vitro characterization involved the use of the Alamar blue assay, confocal imaging, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of 3D printed biocomposite scaffolds, consisting of thermoplastic PCL reinforced with ESPs, as a promising alternative for bone-graft applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Gezek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Mine Altunbek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | | | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Livingston KM, Zejdlik K, Baudelet M. Reassociation of Skeletal Remains Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9478-9485. [PMID: 38807457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A major challenge in forensic anthropology and bioarcheology is the development of fast and effective methods for sorting commingled remains. This study assesses how portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can be used to group skeletal remains based on their elemental profiles. LIBS spectra were acquired from the remains of 45 modern skeletons, with a total data set of 8388 profiles from 1284 bones. Spectral feature selection was conducted to reduce the spectral profiles to the peaks exhibiting the highest variation among individuals. Emission lines corresponding to 9 elements (Ca, P, C, K, Mg, Na, Al, Ba, and Sr) were found important for classification. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was concurrently used to classify each spectral profile. From the 45 individuals, each LIBS spectrum was successfully sorted to its corresponding skeleton with an average accuracy of 87%. These findings indicate that variation exists among the LIBS profiles of individuals' skeletal remains, highlighting the potential for portable LIBS technology to aid in the sorting of commingled remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Livingston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Katie Zejdlik
- Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina 28723, United States
| | - Matthieu Baudelet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- CREOL─The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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3
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Koca Fındık B, Jafari M, Song LF, Li Z, Aviyente V, Merz KM. Binding of Phosphate Species to Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in Aqueous Solution. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4298-4307. [PMID: 38718258 PMCID: PMC11137831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphate derivatives and their interaction with metal cations are involved in many important biological phenomena, so an accurate characterization of the phosphate-metal interaction is necessary to properly understand the role of phosphate-metal contacts in mediating biological function. Herein, we improved the standard 12-6 Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential via the usage of the 12-6-4 LJ model, which incorporates ion-induced dipole interactions. Via parameter scanning, we fine-tuned the 12-6-4 LJ polarizability values to obtain accurate absolute binding free energies for the phosphate anions H2PO4-, HPO42-, PO43- coordinating with Ca2+ and Mg2+. First, we modified the phosphate 12-6-4 LJ parameters to reproduce the solvation free energies of the series of phosphate anions using the thermodynamic integration (TI) method. Then, using the potential mean force (PMF) method, the polarizability of the metal-phosphate interaction was obtained. We show that the free energy profiles of phosphate ions coordinated to Ca2+ and Mg2+ generally show similar trends at longer metal-phosphate distances, while the absolute binding energy values increased with deprotonation. The resulting parameters demonstrate the flexibility of the 12-6-4 LJ-type nonbonded model and its usefulness in accurately describing cation-anion interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Koca Fındık
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Majid Jafari
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Lin Frank Song
- Biochemical
and Biophysical Systems Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Zhen Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Viktorya Aviyente
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Kenneth M. Merz
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Guzman V BM, De La Torre I MH, Frausto-Reyes C. Impact of the preservation media on ex vivo bone samples for full field mechanical testing. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:3745-3752. [PMID: 38856336 DOI: 10.1364/ao.512047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The preservation method to store bone tissue for posterior analysis is a widespread practice. However, the method's potential influence on the material's mechanical properties is often overlooked during single-point experimentation. Saline and formaldehyde solutions are the most common among the employed preservation media. A full field analysis of the mice femoral bone deformation using non-destructive optical techniques is conducted to assess the influence of the storage media on the viscoelastic properties of the tissue. Three different groups are subjected to a standard three-point bending test. The first group is the control, with fresh post-mortem samples. The second and third groups used saline and formaldehyde solutions, respectively. During the mechanical test, the bone's surface and internal deformation are monitored simultaneously using digital holographic interferometry and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. A mechanical comparison among the three groups is presented. The results show that after 48 h of immersion in saline solution, the mice bones keep their viscoelastic behavior similar to fresh bones. Meanwhile, 48 h in formaldehyde modifies the response and affects the marrow structure. The high sensitivity of the optical phase also makes it possible to observe changes in the anisotropy of the samples. As a comparison, Raman spectroscopy analyzes the three bone groups to prove that the preservation media does not affect a single-point inspection.
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Zhu Z, Yang Y, Li L, Zhu SJ, Zhang L. A probabilistic approach for assessing the mechanical performance of intertrochanteric fracture stabilized with proximal femoral nail antirotation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299996. [PMID: 38603691 PMCID: PMC11008846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining post-operative mechanical stability is crucial for successfully healing intertrochanteric fractures treated with the Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) system. This stability is primarily dependent on the bone mineral density (BMD) and strain on the fracture. Current PFNA failure analyses often overlook the uncertainties related to BMD and body weight (BW). Therefore, this study aimed to develop a probabilistic model using finite element modeling and engineering reliability analysis to assess the post-operative performance of PFNA under various physiological loading conditions. The model predictions were validated through a series of experimental test. The results revealed a negative nonlinear relationship between the BMD and compressive strain. Conversely, the BW was positively and linearly correlated with the compressive strain. Importantly, the compressive strain was more sensitive to BW than to BMD when the BMD exceeded 0.6 g/cm3. Potential trabecular bone compression failure is also indicated if BMD is equal to or below 0.15 g/cm3 and BW increases to approximately 2.5 times the normal or higher. This study emphasizes that variations in the BMD significantly affect the probability of failure of a PFNA system. Thus, careful planning of post-operative physical therapy is essential. For patients aged > 50 years restrictions on high-intensity activities are advised, while limiting strenuous movements is recommended for those aged > 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lunjian Li
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shuang Jie Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Thangavelu M, Kim PY, Cho H, Song JE, Park S, Bucciarelli A, Khang G. A Gellan Gum, Polyethylene Glycol, Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffold with the Addition of Ginseng Derived Compound K with Possible Applications in Bone Regeneration. Gels 2024; 10:257. [PMID: 38667676 PMCID: PMC11049517 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Engineered bone scaffolds should mimic the natural material to promote cell adhesion and regeneration. For this reason, natural biopolymers are becoming a gold standard in scaffold production. In this study, we proposed a hybrid scaffold produced using gellan gum, hydroxyapatite, and Poly (ethylene glycol) within the addition of the ginseng compound K (CK) as a candidate for bone regeneration. The fabricated scaffold was physiochemically characterized. The morphology studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis revealed a pore distribution suitable for cells growth. The addition of CK further improved the biological activity of the hybrid scaffold as demonstrated by the MTT assay. The addition of CK influenced the scaffold morphology, decreasing the mean pore diameter. These findings can potentially help the development of a new generation of hybrid scaffolds to best mimic the natural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pil-Yun Kim
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (P.-Y.K.); (H.C.); (J.-E.S.)
| | - Hunhwi Cho
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (P.-Y.K.); (H.C.); (J.-E.S.)
| | - Jeong-Eun Song
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (P.-Y.K.); (H.C.); (J.-E.S.)
| | - Sunjae Park
- Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Alessio Bucciarelli
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (P.-Y.K.); (H.C.); (J.-E.S.)
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7
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Lopez AN, Bazer FW, Wu G. Functions and Metabolism of Amino Acids in Bones and Joints of Cats and Dogs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1446:155-175. [PMID: 38625528 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The bone is a large and complex organ (12-15% of body weight) consisting of specialized connective tissues (bone matrix and bone marrow), whereas joints are composed of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, synovial joint capsules and membranes, and a synovial joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. Maintaining healthy bones and joints is a dynamic and complex process, as bone deposition (formation of new bone materials) and resorption (breakdown of the bone matrix to release calcium and phosphorus) are the continuous processes to determine bone balance. Bones are required for locomotion, protection of internal organs, and have endocrine functions to maintain mineral homeostasis. Joints are responsible for resisting mechanical stress/trauma, aiding in locomotion, and supporting the overall musculoskeletal system. Amino acids have multiple regulatory, compositional, metabolic, and functional roles in maintaining the health of bones and joints. Their disorders are prevalent in mammals and significantly reduce the quality of life. These abnormalities in companion animals, specifically cats and dogs, commonly lead to elective euthanasia due to the poor quality of life. Multiple disorders of bones and joints result from genetic predisposition and are heritable, but other factors such as nutrition, growth rate, trauma, and physical activity affect how the disorder manifests. Treatments for cats and dogs are primarily to slow the progression of these disorders and assist in pain management. Therapeutic supplements such as Cosequin and formulated diets rich in amino acids are used commonly as treatments for companion animals to reduce pain and slow the progression of those diseases. Also, amino acids (e.g., taurine, arginine, glycine, proline, and 4-hydroxyproline), and glucosamine reduce inflammation and pain in animals with bone and joint disorders. Gaining insight into how amino acids function in maintaining bone and joint health can aid in developing preventative diets and therapeutic supplementations of amino acids to improve the quality of life in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna N Lopez
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Abedi M, Shafiee M, Afshari F, Mohammadi H, Ghasemi Y. Collagen-Based Medical Devices for Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04793-3. [PMID: 38133881 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies are key to solving the problems of aging and organ defects. Collagen is compatible with living tissues and has many different chemical properties; it has great potential for use in reproductive medicine and the engineering of reproductive tissues. It is a natural substance that has been used a lot in science and medicine. Collagen is a substance that can be obtained from many different animals. It can be made naturally or created using scientific methods. Using pure collagen has some drawbacks regarding its physical and chemical characteristics. Because of this, when collagen is processed in various ways, it can better meet the specific needs as a material for repairing tissues. In simpler terms, collagen can be used to help regenerate bones, cartilage, and skin. It can also be used in cardiovascular repair and other areas. There are different ways to process collagen, such as cross-linking it, making it more structured, adding minerals to it, or using it as a carrier for other substances. All of these methods help advance the field of tissue engineering. This review summarizes and discusses the current progress of collagen-based materials for reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Abedi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
- Research and Development Department, Danesh Salamat Kowsar Co., P.O. Box 7158186496, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mina Shafiee
- Research and Development Department, Danesh Salamat Kowsar Co., P.O. Box 7158186496, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farideh Afshari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Research and Development Department, Danesh Salamat Kowsar Co., P.O. Box 7158186496, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Theodoridis K, Arampatzis AS, Liasi G, Tsalikis L, Barmpalexis P, Christofilos D, Assimopoulou AN. 3D-Printed Antibacterial Scaffolds for the Regeneration of Alveolar Bone in Severe Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16754. [PMID: 38069075 PMCID: PMC10706713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current clinical treatment of periodontitis alleviates periodontal symptoms and helps to keep the disease under control for extended periods. Despite this, a significant destruction of the tooth's underlying bone tissue often takes place progressively. Herein, we present a two-way therapeutic approach for local delivery of antibacterial agents and bone tissue regeneration, incorporating ~1% w/w tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) into a 3D-printed scaffold composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Samples were assessed for their morphological, physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and antibacterial properties. Furthermore, osteoprecursor cells (MC3T3-E1) were employed to evaluate the osteoinductive potential of the drug-loaded scaffolds. Cell proliferation, viability, and differentiation were determined on all cell-seeded scaffolds. At the end of the culture, PCL-TCH scaffolds promoted abundant collagen organic matrix, demonstrating augmented alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and areas of accumulated mineralised bone tissue, despite their belayed cell proliferation. Based on the observed effectiveness of the PCL-TCH scaffolds to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, these constructs could serve as an alternative bioactive implant that supports bacterial inhibition and favours a 3D microenvironment for bone tissue regeneration in severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.T.); (A.S.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Athanasios S. Arampatzis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.T.); (A.S.A.); (G.L.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Liasi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.T.); (A.S.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Lazaros Tsalikis
- School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Christofilos
- School of Chemical Engineering & Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Andreana N. Assimopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.T.); (A.S.A.); (G.L.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Babu B, Pawar S, Mittal A, Kolanthai E, Neal CJ, Coathup M, Seal S. Nanotechnology enabled radioprotectants to reduce space radiation-induced reactive oxidative species. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1896. [PMID: 37190884 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Interest in space exploration has seen substantial growth following recent launch and operation of modern space technologies. In particular, the possibility of travel beyond low earth orbit is seeing sustained support. However, future deep space travel requires addressing health concerns for crews under continuous, longer-term exposure to adverse environmental conditions. Among these challenges, radiation-induced health issues are a major concern. Their potential to induce chronic illness is further potentiated by the microgravity environment. While investigations into the physiological effects of space radiation are still under investigation, studies on model ionizing radiation conditions, in earth and micro-gravity conditions, can provide needed insight into relevant processes. Substantial formation of high, sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) evolution during radiation exposure is a clear threat to physiological health of space travelers, producing indirect damage to various cell structures and requiring therapeutic address. Radioprotection toward the skeletal system components is essential to astronaut health, due to the high radio-absorption cross-section of bone mineral and local hematopoiesis. Nanotechnology can potentially function as radioprotectant and radiomitigating agents toward ROS and direct radiation damage. Nanoparticle compositions such as gold, silver, platinum, carbon-based materials, silica, transition metal dichalcogenides, and ceria have all shown potential as viable radioprotectants to mitigate space radiation effects with nanoceria further showing the ability to protect genetic material from oxidative damage in several studies. As research into space radiation-induced health problems develops, this review intends to provide insights into the nanomaterial design to ameliorate pathological effects from ionizing radiation exposure. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaashwin Babu
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Shreya Pawar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Agastya Mittal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Craig J Neal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- College of Medicine, Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Naseri A, Shojaeefard E, Bakhshayeshkaram M, Dabbaghmanesh MM, Heydari ST, Talezadeh P, Farhadi M, Nikkhah A, Dabbaghmanesh MH. Hip structural analysis, trabecular bone score, and bone mineral density in post-menopausal women with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a multi-center cross-sectional study in the south of Iran. Arch Osteoporos 2023; 18:98. [PMID: 37454358 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-023-01310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular microarchitecture, and proximal hip geometry in diabetic postmenopausal women, where BMD alone cannot reflect bone strength adequately. We found significantly lower trabecular bone score and BMD at the distal radius and total forearm in diabetic subjects compared to controls. PURPOSE The limitations resulting from the exclusive assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) in people with diabetes can lead to underestimation of microarchitectural and geometric changes, both of which play an essential role in the fracture risk. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate BMD, trabecular bone score (TBS), and hip structural analysis (HSA) in diabetic type-2 post-menopausal women and compare them with healthy postmenopausal subjects. METHODS BMD was assessed at the lumbar spine, femoral sites, distal radius, and total forearm using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); TBS was measured based on DXA images using the software at the same region of interest as the BMD measurements; geometric assessment at the proximal femur was performed by the HSA program. RESULTS A total of 348 ambulatory type-2 diabetic postmenopausal women and 539 healthy postmenopausal women were enrolled. TBS and BMD at the distal radius and total forearm were significantly (P value < 0.05) lower in cases compared to controls after age and body mass index (BMI) adjustment. In addition, degraded bone microarchitecture was significantly (P value < 0.05) more prevalent in diabetic subjects than in non-diabetic controls after adjusting for age and BMI. A number of geometric indices of the proximal hip were significantly lower in the controls than in those with diabetes (P-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study may highlight the utility of the TBS and BMD at the distal radius and total forearm in subjects with type-2 diabetes mellitus, where the BMD at central sites may not adequately predict fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzhang Naseri
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shojaeefard
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Bakhshayeshkaram
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pedram Talezadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Farhadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nikkhah
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Cottrill E, Pennington Z, Wolf MT, Dirckx N, Ehresman J, Perdomo-Pantoja A, Rajkovic C, Lin J, Maestas DR, Mageau A, Lambrechts D, Stewart V, Sciubba DM, Theodore N, Elisseeff JH, Witham T. Creation and preclinical evaluation of a novel mussel-inspired, biomimetic, bioactive bone graft scaffold: direct comparison with Infuse bone graft using a rat model of spinal fusion. J Neurosurg Spine 2023; 39:113-121. [PMID: 37021767 PMCID: PMC10758288 DOI: 10.3171/2023.2.spine22936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infuse bone graft is a widely used osteoinductive adjuvant; however, the simple collagen sponge scaffold used in the implant has minimal inherent osteoinductive properties and poorly controls the delivery of the adsorbed recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). In this study, the authors sought to create a novel bone graft substitute material that overcomes the limitations of Infuse and compare the ability of this material with that of Infuse to facilitate union following spine surgery in a clinically translatable rat model of spinal fusion. METHODS The authors created a polydopamine (PDA)-infused, porous, homogeneously dispersed solid mixture of extracellular matrix and calcium phosphates (BioMim-PDA) and then compared the efficacy of this material directly with Infuse in the setting of different concentrations of rhBMP-2 using a rat model of spinal fusion. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to each of six equal groups: 1) collagen + 0.2 µg rhBMP-2/side, 2) BioMim-PDA + 0.2 µg rhBMP-2/side, 3) collagen + 2.0 µg rhBMP-2/side, 4) BioMim-PDA + 2.0 μg rhBMP-2/side, 5) collagen + 20 µg rhBMP-2/side, and 6) BioMim-PDA + 20 µg rhBMP-2/side. All animals underwent posterolateral intertransverse process fusion at L4-5 using the assigned bone graft. Animals were euthanized 8 weeks postoperatively, and their lumbar spines were analyzed via microcomputed tomography (µCT) and histology. Spinal fusion was defined as continuous bridging bone bilaterally across the fusion site evaluated via µCT. RESULTS The fusion rate was 100% in all groups except group 1 (70%) and group 4 (90%). Use of BioMim-PDA with 0.2 µg rhBMP-2 led to significantly greater results for bone volume (BV), percentage BV, and trabecular number, as well as significantly smaller trabecular separation, compared with the use of the collagen sponge with 2.0 µg rhBMP-2. The same results were observed when the use of BioMim-PDA with 2.0 µg rhBMP-2 was compared with the use of the collagen sponge with 20 µg rhBMP-2. CONCLUSIONS Implantation of rhBMP-2-adsorbed BioMim-PDA scaffolds resulted in BV and bone quality superior to that afforded by treatment with rhBMP-2 concentrations 10-fold higher implanted on a conventional collagen sponge. Using BioMim-PDA (vs a collagen sponge) for rhBMP-2 delivery could significantly lower the amount of rhBMP-2 required for successful bone grafting clinically, improving device safety and decreasing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Cottrill
- Department of Neurosurgery, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zach Pennington
- Department of Neurosurgery, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew T. Wolf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Naomi Dirckx
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeff Ehresman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Christian Rajkovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David R. Maestas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashlie Mageau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dennis Lambrechts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Veronica Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel M. Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York
| | - Nicholas Theodore
- Department of Neurosurgery, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer H. Elisseeff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Anwar A, Sapra L, Gupta N, Ojha RP, Verma B, Srivastava RK. Fine-tuning osteoclastogenesis: An insight into the cellular and molecular regulation of osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37183350 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, are essential for the bone remodeling process and are involved in the pathophysiology of several bone-related diseases. The extensive corpus of in vitro research and crucial mouse model studies in the 1990s demonstrated the key roles of monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and integrin αvβ3 in osteoclast biology. Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which these variables control osteoclast differentiation and function has significantly advanced in the first decade of this century. Recent developments have revealed a number of novel insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing the differentiation and functional activity of osteoclasts; however, these mechanisms have not yet been adequately documented. Thus, in the present review, we discuss various regulatory factors including local and hormonal factors, innate as well as adaptive immune cells, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), etc., in the molecular regulation of the intricate and tightly regulated process of osteoclastogenesis. ncRNAs have a critical role as epigenetic controllers of osteoclast physiologic activities, including differentiation and bone resorption. The primary ncRNAs, which include micro-RNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, form a complex network that affects gene transcription activities associated with osteoclast biological activity. Greater knowledge of the involvement of ncRNAs in osteoclast biological activities will contribute to the treatment and management of several skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Moreover, we further outline potential therapies targeting these regulatory pathways of osteoclastogenesis in distinct bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena Anwar
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Navita Gupta
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Rudra P Ojha
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Gram Bharati University, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupendra Verma
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh K Srivastava
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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14
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Vázquez Sanz C, Victoria Rodríguez I, Forriol F, Tejado E, Lopez-Valdes FJ. Variation in Juvenile Long Bone Properties as a Function of Age: Mechanical and Compositional Characterization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1637. [PMID: 36837267 PMCID: PMC9967109 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a heterogeneous, hierarchical biocomposite material made of an organic matrix filled with a mineral component, which plays an important role in bone strength. Although the effect of the mineral/matrix ratio on the mechanical properties of bone during aging has been intensively investigated, the relationship between the mechanical properties and the chemical composition of bone with age requires additional research in juvenile individuals. In this study, bone coupons from bovine and ovine animal species were machined from cortical areas of long bones to quantify whether the variation in mechanical properties at different stages of development is related to the change in the composition of bone tissue. An energy-dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) attached to a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to perform a compositional analysis of the tissue. In addition, nanoindentation analyses were carried out to address how the elastic modulus changed with age. Nonparametric statistical analyses found significant differences (p < 0.05) in Ca content and elastic modulus between species, but no differences were found within each species with development. A multiple linear regression model found that the elastic modulus was significantly related to the decrease in P and C in the samples, to the animal species (larger in bovine), and development, although not linearly. This model also found an interaction between Ca and development that could explain the lack of significance of the relationship between the elastic modulus and development in the univariate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vázquez Sanz
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Victoria Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Forriol
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Tejado
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales-CIME, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Lopez-Valdes
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Palander A, Fauch L, Turunen MJ, Dekker H, Schulten EAJM, Koistinen A, Bravenboer N, Kullaa A. Molecular Quantity Variations in Human-Mandibular-Bone Osteoid. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:547-558. [PMID: 35978052 PMCID: PMC9613710 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoid is a layer of new-formed bone that is deposited on the bone border during the process of new bone formation. This deposition process is crucial for bone tissue, and flaws in it can lead to bone diseases. Certain bone diseases, i.e. medication related osteonecrosis, are overexpressed in mandibular bone. Because mandibular bone presents different properties than other bone types, the data concerning osteoid formation in other bones are inapplicable for human-mandibular bone. Previously, the molecular distribution of other bone types has been presented using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. However, the spatial distribution of molecular components of healthy-human-mandibular-bone osteoid in relation to histologic landmarks has not been previously presented and needs to be studied in order to understand diseases that occur human-mandibular bone. This study presents for the first time the variation in molecular distribution inside healthy-human-mandibular-bone osteoid by juxtaposing FTIR data with its corresponding histologic image obtained by autofluorescence imaging of its same bone section. During new bone formation, bone-forming cells produce an osteoid constituted primarily of type I collagen. It was observed that in mandibular bone, the collagen type I increases from the osteoblast line with the distance from the osteoblasts, indicating progressive accumulation of collagen during osteoid formation. Only later inside the collagen matrix, the osteoid starts to mineralize. When the mineralization starts, the collagen accumulation diminishes whereas the collagen maturation still continues. This chemical-apposition process in healthy mandibular bone will be used in future as a reference to understand different pathologic conditions that occur in human-mandibular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Palander
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.
| | - Laure Fauch
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Mikael J Turunen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Hannah Dekker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, 1117, The Netherlands
| | - Engelbert A J M Schulten
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, 1117, The Netherlands
| | - Arto Koistinen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, 1117, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Bone Quality, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9500, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arja Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
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16
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Koirala N, Joshi J, Duffy SF, McLennan G. Percutaneous-Reinforced Osteoplasty: A Review of Emerging Treatment Strategies for Bone Interventions. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195572. [PMID: 36233434 PMCID: PMC9571370 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous-reinforced osteoplasty is currently being investigated as a possible therapeutic procedure for fracture stabilization in high-risk patients, primarily in patients with bone metastases or osteoporosis. For these patients, a percutaneous approach, if structurally sound, can provide a viable method for treating bone fractures without the physiologic stress of anesthesia and open surgery. However, the low strength of fixation is a common limitation that requires further refinement in scaffold design and selection of materials, and may potentially benefit from tissue-engineering-based regenerative approaches. Scaffolds that have tissue regenerative properties and low inflammatory response promote rapid healing at the fracture site and are ideal for percutaneous applications. On the other hand, preclinical mechanical tests of fracture-repaired specimens provide key information on restoration strength and long-term stability and enable further design optimization. This review presents an overview of percutaneous-reinforced osteoplasty, emerging treatment strategies for bone repair, and basic concepts of in vitro mechanical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nischal Koirala
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jyotsna Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Stephen F. Duffy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Gordon McLennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Bone Mineralization in Electrospun-Based Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102123. [PMID: 35632005 PMCID: PMC9146582 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing the demand for bone substitutes in the management of bone fractures, including osteoporotic fractures, makes bone tissue engineering (BTE) an ideal strategy for solving the constant shortage of bone grafts. Electrospun-based scaffolds have gained popularity in BTE because of their unique features, such as high porosity, a large surface-area-to-volume ratio, and their structural similarity to the native bone extracellular matrix (ECM). To imitate native bone mineralization through which bone minerals are deposited onto the bone matrix, a simple but robust post-treatment using a simulated body fluid (SBF) has been employed, thereby improving the osteogenic potential of these synthetic bone grafts. This study highlights recent electrospinning technologies that are helpful in creating more bone-like scaffolds, and addresses the progress of SBF development. Biomineralized electrospun bone scaffolds are also reviewed, based on the importance of bone mineralization in bone regeneration. This review summarizes the potential of SBF treatments for conferring the biphasic features of native bone ECM architectures onto electrospun-based bone scaffolds.
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18
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Groven RVM, van Koll J, Poeze M, Blokhuis TJ, van Griensven M. miRNAs Related to Different Processes of Fracture Healing: An Integrative Overview. Front Surg 2021; 8:786564. [PMID: 34869574 PMCID: PMC8639603 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.786564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture healing is a complex, dynamic process that is directed by cellular communication and requires multiple cell types, such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and immune cells. Physiological fracture healing can be divided into several phases that consist of different processes, such as angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone resorption/remodelling. This is needed to guarantee proper bone regeneration after fracture. Communication and molecular regulation between different cell types and within cells is therefore key in successfully orchestrating these processes to ensure adequate bone healing. Among others, microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in cellular communication. microRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules of ~22 nucleotides long that can greatly influence gene expression by post-transcriptional regulation. Over the course of the past decade, more insights have been gained in the field of miRNAs and their role in cellular signalling in both inter- and intracellular pathways. The interplay between miRNAs and their mRNA targets, and the effect thereof on different processes and aspects within fracture healing, have shown to be interesting research topics with possible future diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Considering bone regeneration, research moreover focusses on specific microRNAs and their involvement in individual pathways. However, it is required to combine these data to gain more understanding on the effects of miRNAs in the dynamic process of fracture healing, and to enhance their translational application in research, as well as in the clinic. Therefore, this review aims to provide an integrative overview on miRNAs in fracture healing, related to several key aspects in the fracture healing cascade. A special focus will be put on hypoxia, angiogenesis, bone resorption, osteoclastogenesis, mineralization, osteogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, osteocytogenesis, and chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rald V M Groven
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Traumasurgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Johan van Koll
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Poeze
- Division of Traumasurgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Taco J Blokhuis
- Division of Traumasurgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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19
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Veiga A, Castro F, Rocha F, Oliveira AL. An update on hydroxyapatite/collagen composites: What is there left to say about these bioinspired materials? J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1192-1205. [PMID: 34860461 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/collagen-based composite materials have been a constant in the development of bioinspired materials for bone tissue engineering. The most fundamental research works focus on combining HAp, due to its chemical similarity with the mineral component of bones, and collagen, which is the most abundant protein in the body. Modern studies have explored different two-dimensional (2D) and 3D structures, in order to obtain biomaterials with specific physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics that can be applied in distinct biomedical applications. However, as there is already so much work developed with these materials, it is crucial to question: what can still be done? What is the importance of current know-how for the future of bioinspired materials? In this paper we intend to review and update the available methodologies to synthesize HAp/collagen composites, along with their characteristics. In addition, the future of these materials in terms of applications and their potential as a cutting-edge technology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Veiga
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Castro
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rocha
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Etemadi H, Buchanan JK, Kandile NG, Plieger PG. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characteristics and Historical Developments to Commercialization for Potential Technological Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5432-5450. [PMID: 34786932 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have gained increasing attention in various biomedical and industrial sectors due to their physicochemical and magnetic properties. In the biomedical field, IONPs are being developed for enzyme/protein immobilization, magnetofection, cell labeling, DNA detection, and tissue engineering. However, in some established areas, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic drug targeting (MDT), magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), immunomagnetic separation (IMS), and magnetic particle imaging (MPI), IONPs have crossed from the research bench, received clinical approval, and have been commercialized. Additionally, in industrial sectors IONP-based fluids (ferrofluids) have been marketed in electronic and mechanical devices for some time. This review explores the historical evolution of IONPs to their current state in biomedical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Etemadi
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Jenna K Buchanan
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Nadia G Kandile
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis 11757, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Paul G Plieger
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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21
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Sroga GE, Vashishth D. Controlled Formation of Carboxymethyllysine in Bone Matrix through Designed Glycation Reaction. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10548. [PMID: 34761150 PMCID: PMC8567485 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been a challenge to establish a link between specific advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as causal agents of different pathologies and age‐related diseases, primarily because of the lack of suitable in vitro experimental strategies facilitating increased formation of a specific AGE, here carboxymethyllysine (CML), over other AGEs under controlled conditions. CML is of considerable importance to various oxidative stress–related diseases, because in vivo formation of this AGE is connected with cellular oxidative/carbonyl metabolism. The mechanistic implications of CML accumulation in bone remain to be elucidated. To facilitate such studies, we developed a new in vitro strategy that allows preferential generation of CML in bone matrix over other AGEs. Using bone samples from human donors of different age (young, middle‐age, and elderly), we show successful in vitro generation of the desired levels of CML and show that they mimic those observed in vivo in several bone disorders. Formation of such physiologically relevant CML levels was achieved by selecting two oxidative/carbonyl stress compounds naturally produced in the human body, glyoxal and glyoxylic acid. Kinetic studies using the two compounds revealed differences not only between their reaction rates but also in the progression and enhanced formation of CML over other AGEs (measured by their collective fluorescence as fluorescent AGEs [fAGEs]) Consequently, through the regulation of reaction time, the levels of CML and fAGEs could be controlled and separated. Given that the developed approach does not fully eliminate the formation of other uncharacterized glycation products, this could be considered as the study limitation. We expect that the concepts of our experimental approach can be used to develop diverse strategies facilitating production of the desired levels of selected AGEs in bone and other tissues, and thus, opens new avenues for investigating the role and mechanistic aspects of specific AGEs, here CML, in bone. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna E Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Troy NY USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Troy NY USA
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22
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Fraile-Martínez O, García-Montero C, Coca A, Álvarez-Mon MA, Monserrat J, Gómez-Lahoz AM, Coca S, Álvarez-Mon M, Acero J, Bujan J, García-Honduvilla N, Asúnsolo Á, Ortega MA. Applications of Polymeric Composites in Bone Tissue Engineering and Jawbone Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193429. [PMID: 34641243 PMCID: PMC8512420 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based composites are a group of biomaterials that exert synergic and combined activity. There are multiple reported uses of these composites in multiple biomedical areas, such as drug carriers, in wound dressings, and, more prominently, in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Bone grafting is a promising field in the use of polymeric composites, as this is the second most frequently transplanted organ in the United States. Advances in novel biomaterials, such as polymeric composites, will undoubtedly be of great aid in bone tissue engineering and regeneration. In this paper, a general view of bone structure and polymeric composites will be given, discussing the potential role of these components in bone tissue. Moreover, the most relevant jawbone and maxillofacial applications of polymeric composites will be revised in this article, collecting the main knowledge about this topic and emphasizing the need of further clinical studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (A.C.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (J.M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (A.C.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (J.M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Coca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (A.C.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (J.M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Miguel Angel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (A.C.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (J.M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (A.C.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (J.M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gómez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (A.C.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (J.M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Coca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (A.C.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (J.M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (A.C.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (J.M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Julio Acero
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, University of Alcalá, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (A.C.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (J.M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (A.C.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (J.M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (A.C.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (J.M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Han B, Li Q, Wang C, Chandrasekaran P, Zhou Y, Qin L, Liu XS, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Kong D, Iozzo RV, Birk DE, Han L. Differentiated activities of decorin and biglycan in the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1181-1192. [PMID: 33915295 PMCID: PMC8319061 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate the activities of decorin and biglycan in the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). DESIGN Three-month-old inducible biglycan (BgniKO) and decorin/biglycan compound (Dcn/BgniKO) knockout mice were subjected to the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery to induce PTOA. The OA phenotype was evaluated by assessing joint structure and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) staining via histology, surface collagen fibril nanostructure and calcium content via scanning electron microscopy, tissue modulus via atomic force microscopy-nanoindentation, as well as subchondral bone structure and meniscus ossification via micro-computed tomography. Outcomes were compared with previous findings in the inducible decorin (DcniKO) knockout mice. RESULTS In the DMM model, BgniKO mice developed similar degree of OA as the control (0.44 [-0.18 1.05] difference in modified Mankin score), different from the more severe OA phenotype observed in DcniKO mice (1.38 [0.91 1.85] difference). Dcn/BgniKO mice exhibited similar histological OA phenotype as DcniKO mice (1.51 [0.97 2.04] difference vs control), including aggravated loss of sGAGs, salient surface fibrillation and formation of osteophyte. Meanwhile, Dcn/BgniKO mice showed further cartilage thinning than DcniKO mice, resulting in the exposure of underlying calcified tissues and aberrantly high surface modulus. BgniKO and Dcn/BgniKO mice developed altered subchondral trabecular bone structure in both Sham and DMM groups, while DcniKO and control mice did not. CONCLUSION In PTOA, decorin plays a more crucial role than biglycan in regulating cartilage degeneration, while biglycan is more important in regulating subchondral bone structure. The two have distinct activities and modest synergy in the pathogenesis of PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Q Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - C Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - P Chandrasekaran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - L Qin
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - X S Liu
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - M Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - D Kong
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - R V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States
| | - D E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - L Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
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24
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Barker AJ, Arthur A, DeNichilo MO, Panagopoulos R, Gronthos S, Anderson PJ, Zannettino AC, Evdokiou A, Panagopoulos V. Plant-derived soybean peroxidase stimulates osteoblast collagen biosynthesis, matrix mineralization, and accelerates bone regeneration in a sheep model. Bone Rep 2021; 14:101096. [PMID: 34136591 PMCID: PMC8178086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects arising from fractures or disease represent a significant problem for surgeons to manage and are a substantial economic burden on the healthcare economy. Recent advances in the development of biomaterial substitutes provides an attractive alternative to the current "gold standard" autologous bone grafting. Despite on-going research, we are yet to identify cost effective biocompatible, osteo-inductive factors that stimulate controlled, accelerated bone regeneration.We have recently reported that enzymes with peroxidase activity possess previously unrecognised roles in extracellular matrix biosynthesis, angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, which are essential processes in bone remodelling and repair. Here, we report for the first time, that plant-derived soybean peroxidase (SBP) possesses pro-osteogenic ability by promoting collagen I biosynthesis and matrix mineralization of human osteoblasts in vitro. Mechanistically, SBP regulates osteogenic genes responsible for inflammation, extracellular matrix remodelling and ossification, which are necessary for normal bone healing. Furthermore, SBP was shown to have osteo-inductive properties, that when combined with commercially available biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules can accelerate bone repair in a critical size long bone defect ovine model. Micro-CT analysis showed that SBP when combined with commercially available biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules significantly increased bone formation within the defects as early as 4 weeks compared to BCP alone. Histomorphometric assessment demonstrated accelerated bone formation prominent at the defect margins and surrounding individual BCP granules, with evidence of intramembranous ossification. These results highlight the capacity of SBP to be an effective regulator of osteoblastic function and may be beneficial as a new and cost effective osteo-inductive agent to accelerate repair of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. Barker
- Musculoskeletal Biology Research Laboratory, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Agnes Arthur
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark O. DeNichilo
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Romana Panagopoulos
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery and Orthopaedics, Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter J. Anderson
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Australian Craniofacial Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew C.W. Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery and Orthopaedics, Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vasilios Panagopoulos
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery and Orthopaedics, Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Myeloma Research Laboratory, Level 5 South, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 500, Australia.
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Toepfer ET, Rott J, Bartosova M, Kolevica A, Machuca-Gayet I, Heuser A, Rabe M, Shroff R, Bacchetta J, Zarogiannis SG, Eisenhauer A, Schmitt CP. Calcium isotope fractionation by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, across endothelial and epithelial cell barriers, and with binding to proteins. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R29-R40. [PMID: 33978493 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00334.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Timely and accurate diagnosis of osteoporosis is essential for adequate therapy. Calcium isotope ratio (δ44/42Ca) determination has been suggested as a sensitive, noninvasive, and radiation-free biomarker for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, reflecting bone calcium balance. The quantitative diagnostic is based on the calculation of the δ44/42Ca difference between blood, urine, and bone. The underlying cellular processes, however, have not been studied systematically. We quantified calcium transport and δ44/42Ca fractionation during in vitro bone formation and resorption by osteoblasts and osteoclasts and across renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2), human vein umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs), and enterocytes (Caco-2) in transwell systems and determined transepithelial electrical resistance characteristics. δ44/42Ca fractionation was furthermore quantified with calcium binding to albumin and collagen. Calcified matrix formed by osteoblasts was isotopically lighter than culture medium by -0.27 ± 0.03‰ within 5 days, while a consistent effect of activated osteoclasts on δ44/42Ca could not be demonstrated. A transient increase in δ44/42Ca in the apical compartment by 0.26‰ occured across HK-2 cells, while δ44/42Ca fractionation was small across the HUVEC barrier and absent with Caco-2 enterocytes, and with binding of calcium to albumin and collagen. In conclusion, δ44/42Ca fractionation follows similar universal principles as during inorganic mineral precipitation; osteoblast activity results in δ44/42Ca fractionation. δ44/42Ca fractionation also occurs across the proximal tubular cell barrier and needs to be considered for in vivo bone mineralization modeling. In contrast, the effect of calcium transport across endothelial and enterocyte barriers on blood δ44/42Ca should be low and is absent with physiochemical binding of calcium to proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Teresa Toepfer
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeremy Rott
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Kolevica
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Rabe
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rukshana Shroff
- Renal Unit, University College of London Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust and Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sotirios G Zarogiannis
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Wiatrak B, Sobierajska P, Szandruk-Bender M, Jawien P, Janeczek M, Dobrzynski M, Pistor P, Szelag A, Wiglusz RJ. Nanohydroxyapatite as a Biomaterial for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration after Mechanical Damage-In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094454. [PMID: 33923239 PMCID: PMC8123185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite has been used in medicine for many years as a biomaterial or a cover for other biomaterials in orthopedics and dentistry. This study characterized the physicochemical properties (structure, particle size and morphology, surface properties) of Li+- and Li+/Eu3+-doped nanohydroxyapatite obtained using the wet chemistry method. The potential regenerative properties against neurite damage in cultures of neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y and PC12 after differentiation) were also studied. The effect of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) on the induction of repair processes in cell cultures was assessed in tests of metabolic activity, the level of free oxygen radicals and nitric oxide, and the average length of neurites. The study showed that nanohydroxyapatite influences the increase in mitochondrial activity, which is correlated with the increase in the length of neurites. It has been shown that the doping of nanohydroxyapatite with Eu3+ ions enhances the antioxidant properties of the tested nanohydroxyapatite. These basic studies indicate its potential application in the treatment of neurite damage. These studies should be continued in primary neuronal cultures and then with in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (B.W.); (M.S.-B.); (P.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Paulina Sobierajska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (R.J.W.); Tel.: +48-(071)-3954-274 (P.S.); +48-(071)-3954-159 (R.J.W.)
| | - Marta Szandruk-Bender
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (B.W.); (M.S.-B.); (P.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Paulina Jawien
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (B.W.); (M.S.-B.); (P.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Maciej Janeczek
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25/27, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.J.); (P.P.)
| | - Maciej Dobrzynski
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Pistor
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25/27, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.J.); (P.P.)
| | - Adam Szelag
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (B.W.); (M.S.-B.); (P.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Rafal J. Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (R.J.W.); Tel.: +48-(071)-3954-274 (P.S.); +48-(071)-3954-159 (R.J.W.)
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Farooq I, Moriarty TJ. The Impact of Tick-Borne Diseases on the Bone. Microorganisms 2021; 9:663. [PMID: 33806785 PMCID: PMC8005031 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne infectious diseases can affect many tissues and organs including bone, one of the most multifunctional structures in the human body. There is a scarcity of data regarding the impact of tick-borne pathogens on bone. The aim of this review was to survey existing research literature on this topic. The search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. From our search, we were able to find evidence of eight tick-borne diseases (Anaplasmosis, Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, Lyme disease, Bourbon virus disease, Colorado tick fever disease, Tick-borne encephalitis, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever) affecting the bone. Pathological bone effects most commonly associated with tick-borne infections were disruption of bone marrow function and bone loss. Most research to date on the effects of tick-borne pathogen infections on bone has been quite preliminary. Further investigation of this topic is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Farooq
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
| | - Tara J. Moriarty
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
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28
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Simpson R, Cooper DML, Swanston T, Coulthard I, Varney TL. Historical overview and new directions in bioarchaeological trace element analysis: a review. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 13:24. [PMID: 33520004 PMCID: PMC7810633 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-020-01262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Given their strong affinity for the skeleton, trace elements are often stored in bones and teeth long term. Diet, geography, health, disease, social status, activity, and occupation are some factors which may cause differential exposure to, and uptake of, trace elements, theoretically introducing variability in their concentrations and/or ratios in the skeleton. Trace element analysis of bioarchaeological remains has the potential, therefore, to provide rich insights into past human lifeways. This review provides a historical overview of bioarchaeological trace element analysis and comments on the current state of the discipline by highlighting approaches with growing momentum. Popularity for the discipline surged following preliminary studies in the 1960s to 1970s that demonstrated the utility of strontium (Sr) as a dietary indicator. During the 1980s, Sr/Ca ratio and multi-element studies were commonplace in bioarchaeology, linking trace elements with dietary phenomena. Interest in using trace elements for bioarchaeological inferences waned following a period of critiques in the late 1980s to 1990s that argued the discipline failed to account for diagenesis, simplified complex element uptake and regulation processes, and used several unsuitable elements for palaeodietary reconstruction (e.g. those under homeostatic regulation, those without a strong affinity for the skeleton). In the twenty-first century, trace element analyses have been primarily restricted to Sr and lead (Pb) isotope analysis and the study of toxic trace elements, though small pockets of bioarchaeology have continued to analyse multiple elements. Techniques such as micro-sampling, element mapping, and non-traditional stable isotope analysis have provided novel insights which hold the promise of helping to overcome limitations faced by the discipline. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12520-020-01262-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Simpson
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
- Present Address: Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - David M. L. Cooper
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Treena Swanston
- Department of Anthropology, Economics and Political Science, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | | | - Tamara L. Varney
- Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON Canada
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Haque ST, Islam RA, Gan SH, Chowdhury EH. Characterization and Evaluation of Bone-Derived Nanoparticles as a Novel pH-Responsive Carrier for Delivery of Doxorubicin into Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186721. [PMID: 32937817 PMCID: PMC7555837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The limitations of conventional treatment modalities in cancer, especially in breast cancer, facilitated the necessity for developing a safer drug delivery system (DDS). Inorganic nano-carriers based on calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and carbonate apatite (CA) have gained attention due to their biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and improved therapeutic efficacy. Methods: In this study, the potential of goose bone ash (GBA), a natural derivative of HA or CA, was exploited as a pH-responsive carrier to successfully deliver doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline drug into breast cancer cells (e.g., MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells). GBA in either pristine form or in suspension was characterized in terms of size, morphology, functional groups, cellular internalization, cytotoxicity, pH-responsive drug (DOX) release, and protein corona analysis. Results: The pH-responsive drug release study demonstrated the prompt release of DOX from GBA through its disintegration in acidic pH (5.5–6.5), which mimics the pH of the endosomal and lysosomal compartments as well as the stability of GBA in physiological pH (pH 7.5). The result of DOX binding with GBA indicated an increment in binding affinity with increasing concentrations of DOX. Cell viability and cytotoxicity analysis showed no innate toxicity of GBA particles. Both qualitative and quantitative cellular uptake analysis in both cell lines displayed an enhanced cellular internalization of DOX-loaded GBA compared to free DOX molecules. The protein corona spontaneously formed on the surface of GBA particles exhibited its affinity toward transport proteins, structural proteins, and a few other selective proteins. The adsorption of transport proteins could extend the circulation half-life in biological environment and increase the accumulation of the drug-loaded NPs through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect at the tumor site. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of GBA as a DDS to successfully deliver therapeutics into breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Tanzina Haque
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.T.H.); (R.A.I.)
| | - Rowshan Ara Islam
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.T.H.); (R.A.I.)
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.T.H.); (R.A.I.)
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-5514-4978; Fax: +60-3-5514-6323
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Isoliquiritigenin Derivatives Inhibit RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Regulating p38 and NF-κB Activation in RAW 264.7 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173908. [PMID: 32867185 PMCID: PMC7504656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases may not be imminently life-threatening or a leading cause of death such as heart diseases or cancers. However, as aging population grows in almost every part of the world, they surely impose significant socioeconomic burden on the society, not to mention the patients and their families. Osteoporosis is the most common type of bone disease, which frequently develops in seniors, especially in postmenopausal women. Although currently several anti-osteoclastic drugs designed to suppress excessive osteoclast activation, a major cause of osteoporosis, are commercially available, accompanying adverse effects ranging from mild to severe have been reported as well. Natural products have become increasingly popular because of their effectiveness with fewer side effects. Isoliquiritigenin (ILG), a natural flavonoid from licorice, has been reported to suppress osteoclast differentiation and activation. In the present study, newly synthesized ILG derivatives were screened for their anti-osteoporotic activity as more potent substitute candidates to ILG. Out of the 12 ILG derivatives tested, two compounds demonstrated significantly improved bone loss in vitro by inhibiting both osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity. The results of the present study indicate that these compounds may serve as a potential drug for osteoporosis and warrant further studies to evaluate their in vivo efficacy.
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Oliveira Silva M, Gregory JL, Ansari N, Stok KS. Molecular Signaling Interactions and Transport at the Osteochondral Interface: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:750. [PMID: 32974333 PMCID: PMC7466715 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular joints are comprised of different tissues, including cartilage and bone, with distinctive structural and mechanical properties. Joint homeostasis depends on mechanical and biological integrity of these components and signaling exchanges between them. Chondrocytes and osteocytes actively sense, integrate, and convert mechanical forces into biochemical signals in cartilage and bone, respectively. The osteochondral interface between the bone and cartilage allows these tissues to communicate with each other and exchange signaling and nutritional molecules, and by that ensure an integrated response to mechanical stimuli. It is currently not well known how molecules are transported between these tissues. Measuring molecular transport in vivo is highly desirable for tracking cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis progression. Since transport of contrast agents, which are used for joint imaging, also depend on diffusion through the cartilage extracellular matrix, contrast agent enhanced imaging may provide a high resolution, non-invasive method for investigating molecular transport in the osteochondral unit. Only a few techniques have been developed to track molecular transport at the osteochondral interface, and there appear opportunities for development in this field. This review will describe current knowledge of the molecular interactions and transport in the osteochondral interface and discuss the potential of using contrast agents for investigating molecular transport and structural changes of the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kathryn S. Stok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Junqueira JJM, Lourenço JD, da Silva KR, Cervilha DADB, da Silveira LKR, Correia AT, Silva LEDF, Teodoro WR, Tibério IDFLC, Barbosa AP, Lopes FDTQDS. Decreased Bone Type I Collagen in the Early Stages of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). COPD 2020; 17:575-586. [PMID: 32814449 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2020.1808605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is the main risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is known to have deleterious effects on bone metabolism. However, the effects on bone collagen matrix during the development of COPD are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal effect of cigarette smoke exposure on bone type I collagen during COPD development in a cigarette smoke-induced model. C57BL/6 mice were allocated to three groups: control (C), animals exposed to filtered air for 1, 3 and 6 months; cigarette smoke (S), animals exposed to cigarette smoke for 1, 3 and 6 months; provisional smoking (PS), animals exposed to cigarette smoke for 3 months, followed by another 3 months of filtered air exposure. Evaluation of the respiratory mechanics and alveolar enlargement were performed. Femoral and tibial extraction was also performed to evaluate the type I collagen by immunofluorescence and COL1A1 gene expression. Exposure to cigarette smoke led to an alveolar enlargement and progressive reduction in lung tissue resistance and elastance, progressive reduction of type I collagen and reduction in COL1A1 gene expression. Although we did not observe any improvement in the functional and histological parameters in the provisional smoking group, we detected an increase in COL1A1 gene expression. A worsening in bone collagen matrix is part of the initial physiopathological events during COPD development and the smoking cessation induced an evident recovery of COL1A1 expression, possibly to attempt at tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jader Joel Machado Junqueira
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dias Lourenço
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kaique Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Aparecida de Brito Cervilha
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aristides Tadeu Correia
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Emidio de França Silva
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Walcy Rosolia Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division (LIM-17), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Póvoa Barbosa
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Tyson J, Bundy K, Roach C, Douglas H, Ventura V, Segars MF, Schwartz O, Simpson CL. Mechanisms of the Osteogenic Switch of Smooth Muscle Cells in Vascular Calcification: WNT Signaling, BMPs, Mechanotransduction, and EndMT. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030088. [PMID: 32781528 PMCID: PMC7552614 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterized by the hardening of arteries, vascular calcification is the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in the arterial tissue. Calcification is now understood to be a cell-regulated process involving the phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast-like cells. There are various pathways of initiation and mechanisms behind vascular calcification, but this literature review highlights the wingless-related integration site (WNT) pathway, along with bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and mechanical strain. The process mirrors that of bone formation and remodeling, as an increase in mechanical stress causes osteogenesis. Observing the similarities between the two may aid in the development of a deeper understanding of calcification. Both are thought to be regulated by the WNT signaling cascade and bone morphogenetic protein signaling and can also be activated in response to stress. In a pro-calcific environment, integrins and cadherins of vascular smooth muscle cells respond to a mechanical stimulus, activating cellular signaling pathways, ultimately resulting in gene regulation that promotes calcification of the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM). The endothelium is also thought to contribute to vascular calcification via endothelial to mesenchymal transition, creating greater cell plasticity. Each of these factors contributes to calcification, leading to increased cardiovascular mortality in patients, especially those suffering from other conditions, such as diabetes and kidney failure. Developing a better understanding of the mechanisms behind calcification may lead to the development of a potential treatment in the future.
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Yousefzadeh N, Kashfi K, Jeddi S, Ghasemi A. Ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis: a practical guide. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:89-107. [PMID: 32038119 PMCID: PMC7003643 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects about 200 million people worldwide and is a silent disease until a fracture occurs. Management of osteoporosis is still a challenge that warrants further studies for establishing new prevention strategies and more effective treatment modalities. For this purpose, animal models of osteoporosis are appropriate tools, of which the ovariectomized rat model is the most commonly used. The aim of this study is to provide a 4-step guideline for inducing a rat model of osteoporosis by ovariectomy (OVX): (1) selection of the rat strain, (2) choosing the appropriate age of rats at the time of OVX, (3) selection of an appropriate surgical method and verification of OVX, and (4) evaluation of OVX-induced osteoporosis. This review of literature shows that (i) Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats are the most common strains used, both responding similarly to OVX; (ii) six months of age appears to be the best time for inducing OVX; (iii) dorsolateral skin incision is an appropriate choice for initiating OVX; and (iv) the success of OVX can be verified 1-3 weeks after surgery, following cessation of the regular estrus cycles, decreased estradiol, progesterone, and uterine weight as well as increased LH and FSH levels. Current data shows that the responses of trabecular bones of proximal tibia, lumbar vertebrae and femur to OVX are similar to those in humans; however, for short-term studies, proximal tibia is recommended. Osteoporosis in rats is verified by lower bone mineral density and lower trabecular number and thickness as well as higher trabecular separation, changes that are observed at 14, 30, and 60 days post-OVX in proximal tibia, lumbar vertebrae and femur, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Yousefzadeh
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Introduction: Despite an extensive published literature, skepticism over the claim of original biochemicals including proteins preserved in the fossil record persists and the issue remains controversial. Workers using many different techniques including mass spectrometry, X-ray, electron microscopy and optical spectroscopic techniques, have attempted to verify proteinaceous or other biochemicals that appear endogenous to fossils found throughout the geologic column.Areas covered: This paper presents a review of the relevant literature published over the last 50 years. A comparative survey of the reported techniques used is also given.Expert opinion: Morphological and molecular investigations show that original biochemistry is geologically extensive, geographically global, and taxonomically wide-ranging. The survival of endogenous organics in fossils remains the subject of widespread and increasing research investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Thomas
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen Taylor
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Biomimetic Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Composites: Therapeutic Potential and Effects on Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236002. [PMID: 31795225 PMCID: PMC6928996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a novel alloplastic graft with both osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties is still necessary. In this study, we tried to synthesize a biomimetic hydroxyapatite microspheres (gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite microsphere embedded with stromal cell-derived factor-1: GHM-S) from nanocrystalline hydroxyapatites and to investigate their therapeutic potential and effects on bone regeneration. In this study, hydroxyapatite was synthesized by co-precipitation of calcium hydroxide and orthophosphoric acid to gelatin solution. The microbial transglutaminase was used as the agent to crosslink the microspheres. The morphology, characterization, and thermal gravimetric analysis of microspheres were performed. SDF-1 release profile and in vitro biocompatibility and relative osteogenic gene expression were analyzed, followed by in vivo micro-computed tomography study and histological analysis. The synthesized hydroxyapatite was found to be similar to hydroxyapatite of natural bone tissue. The stromal cell-derived factor-1 was embedded into gelatin/hydroxyapatite microsphere to form the biomimetic hydroxyapatite microsphere. The stromal cell-derived factor-1 protein could be released in a controlled manner from the biomimetic hydroxyapatite microsphere and form a concentration gradient in the culture environment to attract the migration of stem cells. Gene expression and protein expression indicated that stem cells could differentiate or develop into pre-osteoblasts. The effect of bone formation by the biomimetic hydroxyapatite microsphere was assessed by an in vivo rats’ alveolar bone defects model and confirmed by micro-CT imaging and histological examination. Our findings demonstrated that the biomimetic hydroxyapatite microsphere can enhance the alveolar bone regeneration. This design has potential be applied to other bone defects.
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Caligari Conti M, Mallia B, Sinagra E, Schembri Wismayer P, Buhagiar J, Vella D. The effect of alloying elements on the properties of pressed and non-pressed biodegradable Fe-Mn-Ag powder metallurgy alloys. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02522. [PMID: 31687606 PMCID: PMC6819825 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current trends in the biodegradable scaffold industry call for powder metallurgy methods in which compression cannot be applied due to the nature of the scaffold template itself and the need to retain the shape of an underlying template throughout the fabrication process. Iron alloys have been shown to be good candidates for biomedical applications where load support is required. Fe–Mn alloys were researched extensively for this purpose. Current research shows that all metallurgical characterisation and corrosion test on Fe–Mn and Fe–Mn–Ag non pre-alloyed powder alloys are performed on alloys which are initially pressed into greens and subsequently sintered. In order to combine the cutting-edge field of biodegradable metallic alloys with scaffold production, metallurgical characterisation of pressed and non-pressed Fe, Fe–Mn and Fe–Mn–Ag sintered elemental powder compacts was carried out in this study. This was performed along with determination of the corrosion rate of the same alloys in in vitro mimicking solutions. These solutions were synthesised to mimic the osteo environment in which the final scaffolds are to be used. Both pressed and non-pressed alloys formed an austenite phase under the right sintering conditions. The corrosion rate of the non-pressed alloy was greater than that of its pressed counterpart. In a potentiodynamic testing scenario, addition of silver to the alloy formed a separate silver phase which galvanically increased the corrosion rate of the pressed alloy. This result wasn't replicated in the non-pressed alloys in which the corrosion rate was seen to remain similar to the non-silver-bearing alloy counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Caligari Conti
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
- Corresponding author.
| | - Bertram Mallia
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Emmanuel Sinagra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Pierre Schembri Wismayer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Joseph Buhagiar
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Daniel Vella
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
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Baldwin M, Snelling S, Dakin S, Carr A. Augmenting endogenous repair of soft tissues with nanofibre scaffolds. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2018.0019. [PMID: 29695606 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As our ability to engineer nanoscale materials has developed we can now influence endogenous cellular processes with increasing precision. Consequently, the use of biomaterials to induce and guide the repair and regeneration of tissues is a rapidly developing area. This review focuses on soft tissue engineering, it will discuss the types of biomaterial scaffolds available before exploring physical, chemical and biological modifications to synthetic scaffolds. We will consider how these properties, in combination, can provide a precise design process, with the potential to meet the requirements of the injured and diseased soft tissue niche. Finally, we frame our discussions within clinical trial design and the regulatory framework, the consideration of which is fundamental to the successful translation of new biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Baldwin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Snelling
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR), osteocytes dynamically resorb, and then replace, the organic and mineral components of the pericellular extracellular matrix. Given the enormous surface area of the osteocyte lacuna-canalicular network (LCN), PLR is important for maintaining homeostasis of the skeleton. The goal of this review is to examine the motivations and critical considerations for the analysis of PLR, in both in vitro and in vivo systems. RECENT FINDINGS Morphological approaches alone are insufficient to elucidate the complex mechanisms regulating PLR in the healthy skeleton and in disease. Understanding the role and regulation of PLR will require the incorporation of standardized PLR outcomes as a routine part of skeletal phenotyping, as well as the development of improved molecular and cellular outcomes. Current PLR outcomes assess PLR enzyme expression, the LCN, and bone matrix composition and organization, among others. Here, we discuss current PLR outcomes and how they have been applied to study PLR induction and suppression in vitro and in vivo. Given the role of PLR in skeletal health and disease, integrated analysis of PLR has potential to elucidate new mechanisms by which osteocytes participate in skeletal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristal S Yee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Charles A Schurman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Carter R White
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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3D Bone Biomimetic Scaffolds for Basic and Translational Studies with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103150. [PMID: 30322134 PMCID: PMC6213614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized as an attractive tool owing to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, and their ability to secrete bioactive molecules and to regulate the behavior of neighboring cells within different tissues. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that cells prefer three-dimensional (3D) to 2D culture conditions, at least because the former are closer to their natural environment. Thus, for in vitro studies and in vivo utilization, great effort is being dedicated to the optimization of MSC 3D culture systems in view of achieving the intended performance. This implies understanding cell–biomaterial interactions and manipulating the physicochemical characteristics of biomimetic scaffolds to elicit a specific cell behavior. In the bone field, biomimetic scaffolds can be used as 3D structures, where MSCs can be seeded, expanded, and then implanted in vivo for bone repair or bioactive molecules release. Actually, the union of MSCs and biomaterial has been greatly improving the field of tissue regeneration. Here, we will provide some examples of recent advances in basic as well as translational research about MSC-seeded scaffold systems. Overall, the proliferation of tools for a range of applications witnesses a fruitful collaboration among different branches of the scientific community.
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Gaihre B, Jayasuriya AC. Comparative investigation of porous nano-hydroxyapaptite/chitosan, nano-zirconia/chitosan and novel nano-calcium zirconate/chitosan composite scaffolds for their potential applications in bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:330-339. [PMID: 30033262 PMCID: PMC6061966 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zirconium (Zr) based bioceramic nanoparticles, as the filler material to chitosan (CS), for the development of composite scaffolds are less studied compared to hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. This is predominantly due to the biological similarity of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) with bone inorganic component. In this study, we compared the physical and biological properties of CS composite scaffolds hybridized with nHA, nano-zirconia (nZrO; ZrO2), and nano-calcium zirconate (nCZ; CaZrO3). For the first time in this study, the properties of CS-nCZ composite scaffolds have been reported. The porous composite scaffolds were developed using the freeze-drying technique. The compressive strength and modulus were in the range of 50-55 KPa and 0.75-0.95 MPa for composite scaffolds, significantly higher (p < 0.05), compared to CS alone scaffolds (28 KPa and 0.25 MPa) and were comparable among CS-nHA, CS-nZrO, and CS-nCZ scaffolds. Peak force quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PFQNM) using an atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that the Young's modulus of composite material was higher compared to only CS (p < 0.001), and the values were similar among the composite materials. One of the major issues in the use of Zr based bioceramic materials in bone tissue regeneration applications is their lower osteoblasts response. This study has shown that CS-nCZ supported higher proliferation of pre-osteoblasts compared to CS-nZrO and the spreading was more similar to that observed in CS-nHA scaffolds. Taken together, results show that the physical and biological properties, studied here, of CS composite with Zr based bio-ceramic was comparable with CS-nHA composite scaffolds and hence show the prospective of CS-nCZ for future bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin Gaihre
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo 43614, OH, USA
| | - Ambalangodage C Jayasuriya
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo 43614, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo 43614, OH, USA.
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Dash HR, Das S. Microbial Degradation of Forensic Samples of Biological Origin: Potential Threat to Human DNA Typing. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:141-153. [PMID: 29214499 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Forensic biology is a sub-discipline of biological science with an amalgam of other branches of science used in the criminal justice system. Any nucleated cell/tissue harbouring DNA, either live or dead, can be used as forensic exhibits, a source of investigation through DNA typing. These biological materials of human origin are rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, trace elements as well as water and, thus, provide a virtuous milieu for the growth of microbes. The obstinate microbial growth augments the degradation process and is amplified with the passage of time and improper storage of the biological materials. Degradation of these biological materials carriages a huge challenge in the downstream processes of forensic DNA typing technique, such as short tandem repeats (STR) DNA typing. Microbial degradation yields improper or no PCR amplification, heterozygous peak imbalance, DNA contamination from non-human sources, degradation of DNA by microbial by-products, etc. Consequently, the most precise STR DNA typing technique is nullified and definite opinion can be hardly given with degraded forensic exhibits. Thus, suitable precautionary measures should be taken for proper storage and processing of the biological exhibits to minimize their decaying process by micro-organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirak Ranjan Dash
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470001, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Department of Life Science, Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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Rakhmatia YD, Ayukawa Y, Furuhashi A, Koyano K. Carbonate Apatite Containing Statin Enhances Bone Formation in Healing Incisal Extraction Sockets in Rats. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1201. [PMID: 30002343 PMCID: PMC6073205 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using apatite blocks fabricated by a dissolution⁻precipitation reaction of preset gypsum, with or without statin, to enhance bone formation during socket healing after tooth extraction. Preset gypsum blocks were immersed in a Na₃PO₄ aqueous solution to make hydroxyapatite (HA) low crystalline and HA containing statin (HAFS), or in a mixed solution of Na₂HPO₄ and NaHCO₃ to make carbonate apatite (CO) and CO containing statin (COFS). The right mandibular incisors of four-week-old male Wistar rats were extracted and the sockets were filled with one of the bone substitutes or left untreated as a control (C). The animals were sacrificed at two and four weeks. Areas in the healing socket were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analyses. The bone volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation were greatest in the COFS group, followed by the CO, HAFS, HA, and C groups. The bone mineral density of the COFS group was greater than that of the other groups when evaluated in the vertical plane. The results of this study suggest that COFS not only allowed, but also promoted, bone healing in the socket. This finding could be applicable for alveolar bone preservation after tooth extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunia Dwi Rakhmatia
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Ayukawa
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Furuhashi
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Jules J, Yang S, Chen W, Li YP. Role of Regulators of G Protein Signaling Proteins in Bone Physiology and Pathophysiology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 133:47-75. [PMID: 26123302 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins enhance the intrinsic GTPase activity of α subunits of the heterotrimeric G protein complex of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and thereby inactivate signal transduction initiated by GPCRs. The RGS family consists of nearly 37 members with a conserved RGS homology domain which is critical for their GTPase accelerating activity. RGS proteins are expressed in most tissues, including heart, lung, brain, kidney, and bone and play essential roles in many physiological and pathological processes. In skeletal development and bone homeostasis as well as in many bone disorders, RGS proteins control the functions of various GPCRs, including the parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 and calcium-sensing receptor and also regulate various critical signaling pathways, such as Wnt and calcium oscillations. This chapter will discuss the current findings on the roles of RGS proteins in regulating signaling of key GPCRs in skeletal development and bone homeostasis. We also will examine the current updates of RGS proteins' regulation of calcium oscillations in bone physiology and highlight the roles of RGS proteins in selected bone pathological disorders. Despite the recent advances in bone and mineral research, RGS proteins remain understudied in the skeletal system. Further understanding of the roles of RGS proteins in bone should not only provide great insights into the molecular basis of various bone diseases but also generate great therapeutic drug targets for many bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Jules
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; Developmental Genomics Group, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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