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Zhang Y, Luo S, Gao Y, Tong W, Sun S. High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions Remodeling: A Critical Process for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Angiology 2024; 75:441-453. [PMID: 36788038 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231157473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that a low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an independent biomarker of cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered to be a protective factor for atherosclerosis (AS). Therefore, raising HDL-C has been widely recognized as a promising strategy to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, several studies have found that increasing HDL-C levels does not necessarily reduce the risk of ASCVD. HDL particles are highly heterogeneous in structure, composition, and biological function. Moreover, HDL particles from atherosclerotic patients exhibit impaired anti-atherogenic functions and these dysfunctional HDL particles might even promote ASCVD. This makes it uncertain that HDL-raising therapy will prevent and treat ASCVD. It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the structure and function of HDL subfractions. We review current advances related to HDL subfractions remodeling and highlight how current lipid-modifying drugs such as niacin, statins, fibrates, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors regulate cholesterol concentration of HDL and specific HDL subfractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenjuan Tong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shaowei Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Kolovou V, Diakoumakou O, Papazafiropoulou AK, Katsiki N, Fragopoulou E, Vasiliadis I, Degiannis D, Duntas L, Antonopoulou S, Kolovou G. Biomarkers and Gene Polymorphisms in Members of Long- and Short-lived Families: A Longevity Study. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2018; 12:59-70. [PMID: 30159092 PMCID: PMC6080062 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401812010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of biomarkers in human lifespan has been investigated but with no clear results yet. Materials and methods Lipids, Uric Acid (UA), Adiponectin (ADIPOQ), Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) proteins, as well as CETP, ADIPOQ, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) and ACE-gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 149 Greek individuals. The Long-Lived Families (LON) (n=84) comprised of 3 generations: long-lived aged ≥90 years (P), offspring (FL1) and their grandchildren (FL2), while the Short-Lived Families (EAD) (n=65) where both parents died <75 years, comprised of 2 generations: middle-aged (FD1) and children (FD2). Results Serum CETP and IGF-1 levels were lower, whereas AdipoQ concentrations were higher in P compared with FL1 and FL2 members (CETP: p = 0.03 for both comparisons; IGF-1 p < 0.001 for both comparisons and ADIPOQ: p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Furthermore, serum triglycerides, UA and glucose concentrations were higher in FD1 compared with FD2 subjects (p=0.001, 0.02 and ≤0.001, respectively). In FD2 and FL2, CETP levels were lower in individuals with B2B2 compared with B1B1 genotype (p=0.007). Additionally, ACE concentrations were higher in individuals with DD compared with II genotype in both Families (p=0.001). After adjustment for age and gender, CETP levels were lower in P and FL2 individuals with B2B2 compared with the B1B1 genotype (p=0.004 and 0.007, respectively). Conclusion Increase serum TGs, UA and GL concentrations were higher in the middle-aged individuals compared with their children in families independently of their lifespan. The serum adiponectin concentration was the highest in the oldest old individuals implying beneficial influence on lifespan. Independently of family's lifespan history, the youngest individuals with CETPB2B2 genotype, compared with individuals with CETPB1B1 genotypes, had lower serum CETP concentrations. The knowledge of the unfavourable gene(s)influencing human lifespan may be helpful in encouraging individuals to follow healthier lifestyle habits and better control their high-risk biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vana Kolovou
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece.,Department of Science Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Diakoumakou
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Niki Katsiki
- 2 Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitris Degiannis
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Duntas
- Evgenideion Hospital, Unit of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Genovefa Kolovou
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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Abdel Maksoud SM, El-Garf WT, Ali OS, Shaaban GM, Amer NN. Association of Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein Taq IB Polymorphism With Acute Coronary Syndrome in Egyptian National Patients. Lab Med 2017; 48:154-165. [PMID: 28387842 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmw071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq IB polymorphism and coronary artery disease (CAD) has been studied in different populations. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a group of clinical symptoms within acute myocardial ischemia, including unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI). Because there are no data reported in the literature concerning the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq IB polymorphism in Egyptians, our study aimed to investigate the frequency of different CETP Taq IB genotypes in Egyptian patients with ACS and in healthy control individuals. Methods The current study was conducted with 70 hospitalized patients who had been diagnosed with ACS and 30 controls. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine CETP Taq IB in individuals with different genotypes. Results The frequency of the GA genotype was significantly lower in UA patients, compared with the control group ( P <.05). Conclusions The frequency of the CETP Taq IB genotypes and alleles in all groups was similar to that in other ethnic groups. Individuals with the Taq IB GA genotype may have a lower risk of UA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wael T El-Garf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center
| | - Ola S Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al Azhar University
| | | | - Noha N Amer
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al Azhar University
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Association of I405V polymorphism of colesteryl ester transfer protein gene with coronary artery disease in men with type 2 diabetes. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2016; 12:68-75. [PMID: 27429626 PMCID: PMC4933745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a key role in the metabolism of lipoproteins; therefore, polymorphisms of its gene can affect susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to investigate association between I405V polymorphism of CETP gene and risk of CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS The current case-control study was conducted on 143 patients with type 2 diabetes and angiographically diagnosed CAD and 150 patients with type 2 diabetes and without CAD. Genotyping was performed through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The presence of CAD was defined as higher than 50% reduction in coronary artery diameter. RESULTS The genotype frequencies of I405V polymorphism were II (27.3% vs. 23.2%), IV (61.5% vs. 67.5%), and VV (11.2% vs. 9.3%) in diabetic with CAD compared to diabetic without CAD (χ2 = 1.164) (P = 0.55). The I and V alleles were found at frequencies of 63.6% and 61.6% in the diabetic with CAD group and 36.4% and 38.4% in the diabetic without CAD group (χ2 = 0.263) (P = 0.60). No significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of genotype and allele frequency. Moreover, no significant association was observed between II, IV, and VV genotypes and lipid profiles in both groups. However, a significant difference was observed between genotype distributions of I405V polymorphism in men according to the severity of CAD. CONCLUSION It is speculated that I405V polymorphism may be associated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis only in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Kolovou G, Vasiliadis I, Gontoras N, Kolovou V, Hatzigeorgiou G. Microsomal Transfer Protein Inhibitors, New Approach for Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Review of the Literature, Original Findings, and Clinical Significance. Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 33:71-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Genovefa Kolovou
- Cardiology Department; Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center; Athens Greece
| | - Ioannis Vasiliadis
- Cardiology Department; Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center; Athens Greece
- Cardiology Department; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
| | - Nikos Gontoras
- Cardiology Department; Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center; Athens Greece
| | - Vana Kolovou
- Cardiology Department; Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center; Athens Greece
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Kolovou GD, Panagiotakos DB, Kolovou V, Vasiliadis I, Giannakopoulou V, Diakoumakou O, Katsiki N, Mavrogeni S. Common variants of apolipoprotein E and cholesteryl ester transport protein genes in male patients with coronary heart disease and variable body mass index. Angiology 2014; 66:169-73. [PMID: 24402318 DOI: 10.1177/0003319713517927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasma lipids are major risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and apolipoprotein (apo) E genes are involved in lipoprotein metabolism, thus affecting plasma lipid and lipoproteins levels. Furthermore, such polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to CHD and obesity. We evaluated the influence of the gene polymorphisms of CETP TaqIB (B1, B2) and I405V (V, I) and apo E (∊2,∊3,∊4) on lipid levels, according to body mass index (BMI) in Greek men with CHD. The TaqIB (B1, B2) polymorphism affected plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in overweight men with CHD, whereas the I405V (V, I) polymorphism affected triglyceride concentrations in normal weight men. No correlation was found between BMI and apo E polymorphisms. Large prospective studies are required to investigate the relationships of CETP and apo E polymorphisms with lipids, BMI, and CHD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vana Kolovou
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vasiliadis
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Olga Diakoumakou
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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Kolovou G, Kolovou V, Mihas C, Giannakopoulou V, Vasiliadis I, Boussoula E, Kollia A, Boutsikou M, Katsiki N, Mavrogeni S. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Genotype Alter the Atorvastatin and Simvastatin Efficacy. Angiology 2012; 64:266-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319712444594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We compared the efficacy of atorvastatin with simvastatin according to cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 ( ABCA1) genes. Patients treated with atorvastatin (n = 254) or simvastatin (n = 332) were genotyped for CETP (TaqIB and I405V) and ABCA1 (R219K) genetic variants. For genotype B1B2, atorvastatin compared with simvastatin treatment resulted in a greater decrease in total cholesterol (35.4% vs 31.6%, P = .035) and a lower increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2% vs 8%, P = .05). For genotype B2B2, atorvastatin compared with simvastatin treatment resulted in a lower decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (31.85 vs 42%, P = .029). For genotypes RR and KK, atorvastatin compared with simvastatin treatment resulted in a greater decrease of triglycerides (27% vs 17% and 35% vs 15%, respectively; P = .02 for all comparisons). The TaqIB and R219K (opposite to I405V) gene polymorphisms seem to modify the response to lipid-lowering therapy with simvastatin or atorvastatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genovefa Kolovou
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Vana Kolovou
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Iannis Vasiliadis
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Boussoula
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Kollia
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Boutsikou
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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