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Aherne O, Ortiz R, Fazli MM, Davies JR. Effects of stabilized hypochlorous acid on oral biofilm bacteria. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:415. [PMID: 36127658 PMCID: PMC9487106 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caries and periodontitis are amongst the most prevalent diseases worldwide, leading to pain and loss of oral function for those affected. Prevention relies heavily on mechanical removal of dental plaque biofilms but for populations where this is not achievable, alternative plaque control methods are required. With concerns over undesirable side-effects and potential bacterial resistance due to the use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), new antimicrobial substances for oral use are greatly needed. Here we have investigated the antimicrobial effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), stabilized with acetic acid (HAc), on oral biofilms and compared it to that of CHX. Possible adverse effects of stabilized HOCl on hydroxyapatite surfaces were also examined. Methods Single- and mixed-species biofilms of six common oral bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Veillonella parvula, Parvimonas micra and Porphyromonas gingivalis) within a flow-cell model were exposed to HOCl stabilized with 0.14% or 2% HAc, pH 4.6, as well as HOCl or HAc alone. Biofilm viability was assessed in situ using confocal laser scanning microscopy following LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ staining. In-situ quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was used to study erosion of hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces by stabilized HOCl.
Results Low concentrations of HOCl (5 ppm), stabilized with 0.14% or 2% HAc, significantly reduced viability in multi-species biofilms representing supra- and sub-gingival oral communities, after 5 min, without causing erosion of HA surfaces. No equivalent antimicrobial effect was seen for CHX. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria showed no significant differential suceptibility to stabilized HOCl. Conclusions At low concentrations and with exposure times which could be achieved through oral rinsing, HOCl stabilized with HAc had a robust antimicrobial activity on oral biofilms, without causing erosion of HA surfaces or affecting viability of oral keratinocytes. This substance thus appears to offer potential for prevention and/or treatment of oral biofilm-mediated diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02453-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Aherne
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.,CR Competence, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberto Ortiz
- CR Competence, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus M Fazli
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,SoftOx Solutions AS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia R Davies
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
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de Farias AL, Arbeláez MIA, Meneguin AB, Barud HDS, Brighenti FL. Mucoadhesive controlled-release formulations containing morin for the control of oral biofilms. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:71-83. [PMID: 34906018 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.2015580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of morin on polymicrobial biofilms and its cytotoxicity in controlled-release films and tablets based on gellan gum. Polymicrobial biofilms were formed from saliva for 48 h under an intermittent exposure regime to 1% sucrose and in contact with films or tablets of gellan gum containing 2 mg of morin each. Acidogenicity, bacterial viability, dry weight and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides from biofilms were evaluated. The cytotoxicity of morin was evaluated in oral keratinocytes. Morin released from the systems reduced the viability of all the microbial groups evaluated, as well as the dry weight and insoluble polysaccharide concentration in the matrix and promoted the control of acidogenicity when compared with the control group without the substance. Morin was cytotoxic only at the highest concentration evaluated. In conclusion, morin is an effective agent and shows antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against polymicrobial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Leite de Farias
- Department of Morphology, Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Amaya Arbeláez
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Hernane da Silva Barud
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Laboratory (BioPolMat), University of Araraquara - UNIARA, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti
- Department of Morphology, Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Mitwalli H, AlSahafi R, Albeshir EG, Dai Q, Sun J, Oates TW, Melo MAS, Xu HHK, Weir MD. Novel Nano Calcium Fluoride Remineralizing and Antibacterial Dental Composites. J Dent 2021; 113:103789. [PMID: 34455017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Composites with remineralizing and antibacterial properties are favorable for caries inhibition. The objectives of this study were to develop a new bioactive nanocomposite with remineralizing and antibiofilm properties by incorporating dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nano-calcium fluoride (nCaF2). METHODS nCaF2 was produced via a spray-drying method and integrated at 15% mass fraction into composite. DMAHDM was added at 3% mass fraction. Mechanical properties and F and Ca ion releases were assessed. Colony-forming units (CFU), lactic acid and metabolic activity of biofilms on composites were performed. RESULTS The new composites had flexural strengths of (95.28±6.32) MPa and (125.93±7.49) MPa, which were within the ISO recommendations. Biofilm CFU were reduced by 3-4 log (p<0.05). The composites achieved high F releases of (0.89±0.01) mmol/L and (0.44±0.01) mmol/L, and Ca releases of (1.46±0.05) mmol/L and (0.54±0.005) mmol/L. CONCLUSIONS New nanocomposites were developed with good mechanical properties, potent antibacterial activity against salivary biofilms, and high F and Ca ion releases with potential for remineralization. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Novel nanocomposites using nCaF2 and DMAHDM were developed with potent antibacterial and remineralizing effects and high F and Ca ion releases. They are promising to inhibit recurrent caries, promote remineralization, and possess long-term sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mitwalli
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed AlSahafi
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtehal G Albeshir
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quan Dai
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research; College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Jirun Sun
- The Forsyth Institute, A Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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Rajendiran M, Trivedi HM, Chen D, Gajendrareddy P, Chen L. Recent Development of Active Ingredients in Mouthwashes and Toothpastes for Periodontal Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072001. [PMID: 33916013 PMCID: PMC8037529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis are primarily caused by dental plaque. Several antiplaque and anti-microbial agents have been successfully incorporated into toothpastes and mouthwashes to control plaque biofilms and to prevent and treat gingivitis and periodontitis. The aim of this article was to review recent developments in the antiplaque, anti-gingivitis, and anti-periodontitis properties of some common compounds in toothpastes and mouthwashes by evaluating basic and clinical studies, especially the ones published in the past five years. The common active ingredients in toothpastes and mouthwashes included in this review are chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, stannous chloride, zinc oxide, zinc chloride, and two herbs—licorice and curcumin. We believe this comprehensive review will provide useful up-to-date information for dental care professionals and the general public regarding the major oral care products on the market that are in daily use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rajendiran
- The Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Harsh M Trivedi
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (H.M.T.); (D.C.)
| | - Dandan Chen
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (H.M.T.); (D.C.)
| | - Praveen Gajendrareddy
- The Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (L.C.); Tel.: +1-312-413-8405 (P.G.); +1-312-413-5387 (L.C.)
| | - Lin Chen
- The Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (L.C.); Tel.: +1-312-413-8405 (P.G.); +1-312-413-5387 (L.C.)
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The role of sodium alginate and gellan gum in the design of new drug delivery systems intended for antibiofilm activity of morin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1944-1958. [PMID: 32791274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of controlled drug delivery systems represents an alternative and promising strategy for the use of antimicrobials in the oral cavity. Microparticles, films and oral tablets based on alginate and gellan gum were developed also as a strategy to overcome the low aqueous solubility of morin. The systems were characterized in terms of morphological characteristics, mucoadhesion and in vitro drug release. Antibiofilm activity was analyzed for acidogenicity, microbial viability and the composition of the extracellular matrix of single-species biofilms. Scanning Electron Microscopy demonstrated that the microparticles were spherical, rough and compact. The film and the tablet presented smooth and continuous surface and in the inner of the tablet was porous. These systems were more mucoadhesive compared to the microparticles. The in vitro morin release profiles in artificial saliva demonstrated that the microparticles controlled the release better (39.6%), followed by the film (41.1%) and the tablet (91.4%) after 20 h of testing. The morin released from the systems reduced the acidogenicity, microbial viability, concentration of insoluble extracellular polysaccharides and dry weight of biofilms, when compared to the control group. The findings of this study showed that the morin has antibiofilm activity against cariogenic microorganisms.
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Roeslan MO, Ayudhya TDN, Yingyongnarongkul BE, Koontongkaew S. Anti-biofilm, nitric oxide inhibition and wound healing potential of purpurin-18 phytyl ester isolated from Clinacanthus nutans leaves. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Wakabayashi T, Yagami K, Sadaoka S, Mori K, Komatsu S, Nagasawa S, Udagawa N. CO 2 Laser Irradiation Restores Collagen and VEGF Expressions of HPdLF on LPS Contaminated Titanium Surface. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneo Wakabayashi
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University
| | - Kimitoshi Yagami
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University
| | - Sunao Sadaoka
- Department of Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University
| | - Kozue Mori
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University
| | - Saho Komatsu
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University
| | - Sakae Nagasawa
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University
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Antibacterial effect on mature biofilms of oral streptococci and antioxidant activity of 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene from Combretum leprosum. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Objective The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel anti-plaque formulation on oral biofilm removal. Specific aim was to elucidate the role of 2 potentially complementary mechanisms on dental biofilm removal using EPIEN Dental Debriding Solution (EDDS) like desiccating action leading to denaturation and destabilization of plaque and mechanical removal of destabilized plaque through forceful rinsing action Materials and Methods 25 extracted teeth, after routine debriding and cleaning, underwent standard biofilm incubation model over 4 days. Then samples were randomly divided into 5 groups of 5 teeth each, treated and stained with GUM®Red-Cote® plaque disclosing solution and imaged. Samples were subsequently treated with HYBENX® Oral Decontaminant. Group 1 samples were treated with a standardized “static” water dip exposure following biofilm incubation. Samples in Group 2 were given a standardized “dynamic” exposure to a dental high pressure air/water syringe for 20 s. Group 3 samples were exposed to a standardized “static” application of test agent (30 s dip rinse) followed by a standardized “static” water rinse (30 s dip rinse). Samples in Group 4 were given both the standardized “static” application of test formulation followed by the standardized “dynamic” exposure to a dental high pressure air/water syringe. Finally, samples in Group 5 were treated with a standardized “dynamic” application of test agent (20 s high pressure syringe at 10 ml/s) followed by the standardized “dynamic” exposure to a dental high pressure air/water syringe. Results The MPM images demonstrated that the water dip treatment resulted in the persistence of an almost continuous thick layer of biofilm coverage on the tooth surface. Similarly, test agent dip treatment followed by water dip only removed a few patches of biofilm, with the majority of the tooth surface remaining covered by an otherwise continuous layer of biofilm. Samples exposed to air/water spray alone showed some disruption of the biofilm, leaving residual patches of biofilm that varied considerably in size. Test agent dip treatment followed by air/water spray broke up the continuous layer of biofilm leaving only very small, thin scattered islands of biofilm. Finally, the dynamic test agent spray followed by air/water spray removed the biofilm almost entirely, with evidence of only very few small, thin residual biofilm islands. Conclusion These studies demonstrate that test agent desiccant effect alone causes some disruption of dental biofilm. Additional dynamic rinsing is needed to achieve complete removal of dental biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Sahni
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Fatemeh Khashai
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Ali Forghany
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Tatiana Krasieva
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Petra Wilder-Smith
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
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