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Wyszyńska M, Nitsze-Wierzba M, Białożyt-Bujak E, Kasperski J, Skucha-Nowak M. The Problem of Halitosis in Prosthetic Dentistry, and New Approaches to Its Treatment: A Literature Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235560. [PMID: 34884262 PMCID: PMC8658399 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is a review of recent scientific literature about intra-oral halitosis among patients using dentures. Halitosis is a condition in which an unpleasant smell comes out of the oral cavity, which is caused mainly by volatile sulfur and non-sulfured compounds. The etiology of halitosis may be intra- or extra-oral; in most patients, however, it is due to the activity of microorganisms in the oral cavity. The problem of the occurrence of intra-oral halitosis has accompanied patients for many years. In dental prosthetics, the problem of halitosis occurs in patients using removable or fixed dentures. In both cases, new niches for the development of microorganisms may be created, including those related to intra-oral halitosis. It should be noted that dentures—both fixed and removable—are a foreign body placed in the patient’s oral cavity which, in case of insufficient hygiene, may constitute a reservoir of microorganisms, causing this unpleasant condition. Conventional treatment of intraoral halitosis reduces microbial activity via chemical and/or mechanical action. Currently, the search for new strategies in the treatment of halitosis is in progress. One idea is to use photodynamic therapy, while another is to modify poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with silver and graphene nanoparticles. Additionally, attempts have been made to combine those two methods. Another unconventional method of treating halitosis is the use of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wyszyńska
- Unit of Dental Material Sciences, Department/Institute of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Monika Nitsze-Wierzba
- Department/Institute of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.N.-W.); (J.K.)
| | - Ewa Białożyt-Bujak
- Unit of Dental Material Sciences, Department/Institute of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jacek Kasperski
- Department/Institute of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.N.-W.); (J.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Skucha-Nowak
- Unit of Dental Propedeutics, Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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Sônego MV, de Moraes Melo Neto CL, Dos Santos DM, de Melo Moreno AL, de Magalhães Bertoz AP, Goiato MC. Quality of Life, Satisfaction, Occlusal Force, and Halitosis after Direct and Indirect Relining of Inferior Complete Dentures. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:215-222. [PMID: 34428849 PMCID: PMC8890934 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the direct relining technique with the indirect relining technique in relation to quality of life, satisfaction with the relining, occlusal force, and halitosis of users of acrylic complete dentures.
Materials and Methods
Twenty bimaxillary edentulous individuals were selected. They had to use the same pair of complete dentures for a minimum of 1 year and a maximum of 5 years. The subjects were randomly divided in groups of direct relining and indirect relining of the inferior denture (
n
= 10). Both groups received the same silicone-based relining. The clinical tests verified the quality of life (Oral Health Impact Profile in edentulous individuals), the satisfaction with the relining, the occlusal force, and halitosis. The tests (halitosis and occlusal force) were performed initially (before the relining), immediately after the relining, and 30, 60, 90, and 180 days after the relining. The questionnaires (quality of life and satisfaction with the relining) were performed initially (before the relining), and 30, 60, 90, and 180 days after the relining.
Statistical Analysis
Analysis of variance and the Tukey test were used (
p
< 0.05).
Results
There was no statistical difference comparing the two techniques in all the evaluations (
p
< 0.05). There was a significant statistical difference for the factor of time in all clinical tests for each relining technique (
p
< 0.05). The quality of life and satisfaction with the relining increased significantly 30 days after the relining when compared with the initial time point, for both techniques (
p
< 0.05). The occlusal force increased significantly after 90 and 180 days when compared with the initial time point, for both techniques (
p
< 0.05). Halitosis decreased significantly immediately after the relining when compared with the initial time point, for both techniques (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusion
Independent of the relining technique used, there was an increase in the quality of life, satisfaction with the relining, and occlusal force, as well as a reduction in the level of halitosis. Both techniques generated similar results and therefore can be options in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vilela Sônego
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Micheline Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Oral Oncology Center, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luiz de Melo Moreno
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Coelho Goiato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Oral Oncology Center, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Volchkova I, Yumashev A, Borisov V, Doroshina V, Kristal E, Repina S. Influence of Removable Denture Cleaning Agents on Adhesion of Oral Pathogenic Microflora In Vitro: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602014010656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
Removable dentures are used by 20% of the population. These may be accompanied by denture stomatitis in 15-70% of patients. The choice of the optimal cleansing agent for removable dental prostheses is of high significance.
Aim:
The aim of our research was to study the influence of removable denture cleansing products on the adhesion of microorganisms and yeast.
Materials and Methods:
We manufactured 144 specimens of standardized round shape with a diameter of 10 mm from 4 types of modern polymeric materials used by prosthetic dentistry to produce removable dentures, 12 specimens of each material were placed into suspensions of bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, then into “ClearaSept” (Test group 1), “Рrotefix active cleanser” (Test group 2), saline solution (Control group), followed by nutrient media. The adhesion index was calculated and analyzed.
Results:
There was no reliable lowering of adhesion index of Staphylococcus Aureus to all materials detected in Test group 1 (U=6, p>0.05 for Bio XS; U=8, p>0.05 for Dental D, Denotokeep Peek, Vertex Rapid Simplified). In Test group 2, the adhesion index of Staphylococcus Aureus reliably decreased to all materials compared to the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01). The adhesion index of Candida albicans and Escherichia coli to all materials in Test group 1 had a minor to moderate reliable reduction compared to the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01). Test group 2 showed a significant reliable decrease in Candida albicans and Escherichia coli adhesion index to all materials in comparison with the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01).
Conclusion:
The research showed an unreliable or minor and moderate reliable decrease in microorganisms adhesion index depending on the microorganism species after treatment of denture material specimens by antibacterial soap “ClearaSept” and a reliable significant decrease in microbial and yeast adhesion after application of Protefix active cleaner solution, which demonstrates a more significant antimicrobial effect in comparison to “ClearaSept” against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans.
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Berger D, Rakhamimova A, Pollack A, Loewy Z. Oral Biofilms: Development, Control, and Analysis. High Throughput 2018; 7:ht7030024. [PMID: 30200379 PMCID: PMC6163956 DOI: 10.3390/ht7030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity harbors hundreds of microbial species that are present either as planktonic cells or incorporated into biofilms. The majority of the oral microbes are commensal organisms. Those that are pathogenic microbes can result in oral infections, and at times can initiate systemic diseases. Biofilms that contain pathogens are challenging to control. Many conventional antimicrobials have proven to be ineffective. Recent advances in science and technology are providing new approaches for pathogen control and containment and methods to characterize biofilms. This perspective provides (1) a general understanding of biofilm development; (2) a description of emerging chemical and biological methods to control oral biofilms; and (3) an overview of high-throughput analytical approaches to analyze biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Berger
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Aviva Rakhamimova
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Andrew Pollack
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Zvi Loewy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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Derafshi R, Bazargani A, Ghapanchi J, Izadi Y, Khorshidi H. Isolation and Identification of Nonoral Pathogenic Bacteria in the Oral Cavity of Patients with Removable Dentures. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2017; 7:197-201. [PMID: 28852636 PMCID: PMC5558254 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_90_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: Dentures in the oral cavity may act as a reservoir of microorganisms, which may be related to systemic infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the nonoral pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity of patients with removable dentures in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Materials and Methods: The bacterial flora of saliva samples from 50 men and 50 women with removable dentures and 100 age- and sex-matched controls with normal dentate were compared using culture, Gram staining, and API20E Kit methods. All data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Except for Enterobacter cloacae isolate (P = 0.03), there was no significant difference between both groups for the presence of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Raoultella planticola, Kluyvera spp., and Enterobacter aerogenes. No significant correlation was noticed between age and presence of bacteria in the oral cavity. The Gram-negative rod bacteria were more in males, but the difference was not significant. When a total of Gram-negative rods were considered, there was a significant difference between case and control groups (P = 0.004). Conclusions: Based on our findings that nonoral pathogenic bacteria are detected from the saliva of the denture wearers, general and oral health measures in patients with removable dentures should be adopted to decrease the risk of cross infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Derafshi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Bazargani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jannan Ghapanchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yazdan Izadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hooman Khorshidi
- Department of Dental Implant, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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