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Arnaiz-Villena A, Suarez-Trujillo F, Juarez I, Rodríguez-Sainz C, Palacio-Gruber J, Vaquero-Yuste C, Molina-Alejandre M, Fernández-Cruz E, Martin-Villa JM. Evolution and molecular interactions of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-G, -E and -F genes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:464. [PMID: 35925520 PMCID: PMC9352621 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Classical HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) is the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in man. HLA genes and disease association has been studied at least since 1967 and no firm pathogenic mechanisms have been established yet. HLA-G immune modulation gene (and also -E and -F) are starting the same arduous way: statistics and allele association are the trending subjects with the same few results obtained by HLA classical genes, i.e., no pathogenesis may be discovered after many years of a great amount of researchers’ effort. Thus, we believe that it is necessary to follow different research methodologies: (1) to approach this problem, based on how evolution has worked maintaining together a cluster of immune-related genes (the MHC) in a relatively short chromosome area since amniotes to human at least, i.e., immune regulatory genes (MHC-G, -E and -F), adaptive immune classical class I and II genes, non-adaptive immune genes like (C2, C4 and Bf) (2); in addition to using new in vitro models which explain pathogenetics of HLA and disease associations. In fact, this evolution may be quite reliably studied during about 40 million years by analyzing the evolution of MHC-G, -E, -F, and their receptors (KIR—killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, NKG2—natural killer group 2-, or TCR-T-cell receptor—among others) in the primate evolutionary lineage, where orthology of these molecules is apparently established, although cladistic studies show that MHC-G and MHC-B genes are the ancestral class I genes, and that New World apes MHC-G is paralogous and not orthologous to all other apes and man MHC-G genes. In the present review, we outline past and possible future research topics: co-evolution of adaptive MHC classical (class I and II), non-adaptive (i.e., complement) and modulation (i.e., non-classical class I) immune genes may imply that the study of full or part of MHC haplotypes involving several loci/alleles instead of single alleles is important for uncovering HLA and disease pathogenesis. It would mainly apply to starting research on HLA-G extended haplotypes and disease association and not only using single HLA-G genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Arnaiz-Villena
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, planta 4. Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fabio Suarez-Trujillo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, planta 4. Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Juarez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, planta 4. Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Sainz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Palacio-Gruber
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, planta 4. Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Vaquero-Yuste
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, planta 4. Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Molina-Alejandre
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, planta 4. Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Gregorio Marañón, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Martin-Villa
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pabellón 5, planta 4. Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Arnaiz-Villena A, Suarez-Trujillo F, Lopez-Nares A, Crespo-Yuste E, Callado A, Juarez I. Genetics of Mexico Jamiltepec Oaxaca Mixtec Amerindians according to HLA genes. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:399-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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HLA study in Bolivian Quechua Amerindians from Titikaka Lake Area. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:321-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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HLA study in Amerindian Bolivia La Paz Aymaras. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:265-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Arnaiz-Villena A, Juarez I, Crespo-Yuste E, Lopez-Nares A, Callado A, Vargas-Alarcon G, Vaquero C, Suarez-Trujillo F. Study of HLA genes in Mexico Mayo/Yoremes Amerindians: Further support of gene exchange with Pacific Islanders. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:195-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arnaiz-Villena A, Lopez-Nares A, Callado A, H-Sevilla A, Rashidi F, Palacio-Grüber J, Juárez I. Study of HLA genes in Russia Bering Island Aleuts. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:631-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.07.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Arnaiz-Villena A, Juarez I, Lopez-Nares A, Palacio-Grüber J, Vaquero C, Callado A, H-Sevilla A, Rey D, Martin-Villa JM. Frequencies and significance of HLA genes in Amerindians from Chile Cañete Mapuche. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:419-420. [PMID: 31101374 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mapuche Amerindians live now widespread in Central South Chile and Argentina and speak "Mapudungun", an unclassified language. A group of Chilean Mapuche was studied for HLA genes using standard techniques. Typical Amerindian HLA genes and haplotypes are found in the population, like HLA-DRB1*14:02, -08:02 and class II haplotype DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02. However, these and other genes are also common in Pacific Islanders. Thus, relatedness of First America Inhabitants with some Pacific Islanders is stressed. Evidences of Pacific and Atlantic cultural and genetic exchange, probably in both directions, and California Man settlements found since 130,000 years ago makes it necessary a revision of Americas peopling. This study may be also useful for medical Mapuche use in Transplantation and HLA and disease Epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Arnaiz-Villena
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Juarez
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Lopez-Nares
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Palacio-Grüber
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Vaquero
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Callado
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro H-Sevilla
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Rey
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Martin-Villa
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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HLA in Colombia Wayu from Guajira Peninsula Amerindians: Pacific Ocean relationships. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:93-94. [PMID: 30537523 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Arnaiz-Villena A, Palacio-Grüber J, Juarez I, Lopez-Nares A, Nieto J, Campos C, Martin-Villa JM. HLA in Uros from Peru Titikaka Lake: Tiwanaku, Easter and Pacific Islanders. Hum Immunol 2018; 80:91-92. [PMID: 30445098 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Uros people live in floating reed islands in Titikaka Lake in front of Puno town (Peru). They could have started Tiwanaku culture and shared genes and culture with Pacific Islanders; it is particularly relevant the giant hat covered men statues found in both Tiwanaku at Titikaka Lake shore and Easter Island (3700 km far from Chile in Pacific Ocean). These giants monoliths are very similar one another and unique in America and Pacific Islands. The following HLA alleles are shared in a specifically high frequency between Uros and Pacific Islanders : HLA-A*24:02, HLA-B*35:05, HLA-B*48:01, HLA-DRB1*04:03, HLA-DRB1*08:02 and HLA-DRB1*09:01. Uros also have 3 unique HLA haplotypes: A*24:02-B*15:04 - DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01, A*68:01:02-B*35:05-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02, A*24:02-B*48:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02. Also Uros seem to be one of the most ancient population in Titikaka Lake that could have started Tiwanaku culture. Prehistoric contacts between Amerindians and Pacific Islanders are strongly suggested by genetic and cultural traits. It is not discarded that Uros could have come from Pacific Islands: Uros show melanic skin and are dolichocephalic; in contrast, surrounding Aymara people have a clear skin and are brachicephalic. The Kon-Tiki project led by Thor Heyerdahl showed that a simple sailing is possible between Peru and Polynesia Islands; also, the most ancient skull found in America is of black origin: Luzia, suggesting that first America peopling was also carried out by Black/coloured people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Arnaiz-Villena
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain. http://chopo.pntic.mec.es/biolmol/
| | - Jose Palacio-Grüber
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Juarez
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Lopez-Nares
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Nieto
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Campos
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Martin-Villa
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
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Arnaiz-Villena A, Palacio-Grüber J, Juarez I, Muñiz E, Hernández E, Bayona B, Campos C, Nuñez J, Lopez-Nares A, Martin-Villa M, Silvera C. Study of Colombia North Wiwa El Encanto Amerindians HLA- genes: Pacific Islanders relatedness. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:530-531. [PMID: 29729321 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have studied Wiwa/Sanja Amerindians HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and DQB1 allele frequencies and extended haplotypes in 52 unrelated individuals from "El Encanto" town at Guanachaca riverside. High frequency alleles were in general present in other Amerindian populations. Also, three extended haplotypes and eight ones were respectively both "new found" and already described in Amerindians from North, Central and South America, including Lakota-Sioux, Mayas, Teeneks, Quechua and Aymaras. Analyses of HLA-A*24:02 and -C*01:02 Wiwa high frequency alleles suggested a specific relatedness with another Amerindian and Pacific Islander ethnic groups (these two particular alleles bearing in high frequencies); they include New Zealand Maoris, Taiwanese, Japanese, Papua New Guinea, and Samoans among others. This may indicate that selective forces are maintaining these two alleles high frequency within this wide American/Pacific area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Arnaiz-Villena
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Palacio-Grüber
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Juarez
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Muñiz
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristina Campos
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Nuñez
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Lopez-Nares
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martin-Villa
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
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Arnaiz-Villena A, Palacio-Grüber J, Juarez I, Hernández E, Muñiz E, Bayona B, Campos C, Nieto J, Martin-Villa M, Silvera C. HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:189-190. [PMID: 29454071 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Arnaiz-Villena
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Palacio-Grüber
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Juarez
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ester Muñiz
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Campos
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Nieto
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martin-Villa
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
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Arnaiz-Villena A, Enriquez-de-Salamanca M, Palacio-Gruber J, Juarez I, Muñiz E, Nieto J, Campos C, Martin-Villa JM. HLA-G in Amerindians: Epidemiology and Worldwide Population Comparison. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874220301805010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:HLA-G molecules are immunosuppressive and avoid fetal rejection by giving negative signals to maternal immune system from fetal trophoblast cell surface. HLA-G genes have been associated to different pathologies: Spontaneous abortions, autoimmunity, tumor progression, transplant rejection and infection. In addition, different World populations show remarkable different HLA-G allele frequencies in the allele that does not produce a full HLA-G molecule (HLA-G*05N); this allele is almost absent in studied Amerindians.Objectives:The aim is to study HLA-A.-B,-DRB1 and –G alleles and extended haplotypes in Amerindians for the first time. This may be useful to asses HLA-G epidemiology, association to disease and Preventive Medicine in Amerindians.Methods:HLA-A,-B and -DRB1 have been typed by using standard automatic protocols. HLA-G alleles have been detected by direct HLA-G exon 2, exon 3 and exon 4 DNA sequencing. Computer calculations have been done by specific standard methods.Results:HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 and –G extended haplotypes have been calculated in Amerindians for the first time. Also, their HLA-G frequencies have been compared with worldwide populations.Conclusion:Low frequencies of null HLA-G*01:05N allele are found in Amerindians. The extended haplotypes with this allele bear other typical Amerindian HLA-DRB1 alleles and its origin is discussed. HLA-G allele frequency profile is closer to that of Europeans than to that of Far East Asians. Our findings are useful to Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology associated to Fertility and HLA-G associated pathology and transplantation.
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Arnaiz-Villena A, Palacio-Gruber J, Enriquez de Salamanca M, Juárez I, Campos C, Nieto J, Muñiz E, Martin-Villa JM. HLA-G, -A haplotypes in Amerindians (Ecuador): HLA-G*01:05N World distribution. Hum Immunol 2017; 79:89-90. [PMID: 29217368 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
HLA-G and HLA-A frequencies have been analysed in Amerindians from Ecuador. HLA-G allele frequencies are found to be closer to those of other Amerindians (Mayas from Guatemala and Uros from Peru) and closer to European ones than to Far East Asians groups, particularly, regarding to HLA-G*01:04 allele. HLA-G/-A haplotypes have been calculated for the first time in Amerindians. It is remarkable that HLA-G*01:05N "null" allele is found in a very low frequency (like in Amerindian Mayas and Uros) and is also found in haplotypes belonging to the HLA-A19 group of alleles (HLA-A*30, -A*31, -A*33). It was previously postulated that HLA-G*01:05N appeared in HLA-A*30/-B*13 haplotypes in Middle East Mediterraneans. It may be hypothesized that in Evolution, HLA-G*01:05N existed primarily in one of the HLA extant or extinct -A19 haplotype, whether this haplotype was placed in Middle East or other World areas, including America. However, the highest present day HLA-G*01:05N frequencies are found in Middle East Mediterraneans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Arnaiz-Villena
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain. http://chopo.pntic.mec.es/biolmol/
| | - Jose Palacio-Gruber
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Juárez
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Campos
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Nieto
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Muñiz
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Martin-Villa
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
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Arnaiz-Villena A, Bayona B, Palacio-Gruber J, Hernández E, Muñiz E, Campos C, Juarez I, Gomez-Casado E, Martín-Villa JM, Silvera C. HLA genes in Barranquilla (North Colombia): Searching for cryptic Amerindian genes. Hum Immunol 2017; 79:3-4. [PMID: 29129648 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
America First Inhabitants population (Amerindians, Na Dene and Eskimos) underwent a drastic population reduction and gene exchange after Europeans and Africans arrival after 1492 AD. Barranquilla population may be a good model to study present day population admixture in South America. HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 DNA typing has been performed in 188 unrelated individuals originated in the area and speak Spanish language; they showed apparent European/African and mixed characters. HLA genetic European/African features were found and only 1.85% Amerindian one. This contrasts with neighboring Cuban population where 10% HLA Amerindian characters appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Arnaiz-Villena
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Brayan Bayona
- Department of Medicine, Immunology, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jose Palacio-Gruber
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ester Muñiz
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Campos
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Juarez
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gomez-Casado
- Department of Inmunología Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Autopista A6, Hipódromo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Martín-Villa
- Department of Immunology, University Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Silvera
- Department of Medicine, Immunology, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
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