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Morán G, Uberti B, Ortloff A, Folch H. Aspergillus fumigatus-sensitive IgE is associated with bronchial hypersensitivity in a murine model of neutrophilic airway inflammation. J Mycol Med 2017; 28:128-136. [PMID: 29233467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells that infiltrate airways during acute exacerbation of asthma. The importance of A. fumigatus sensitization, and IgE response in the airways in patients with acute asthma is unclear. Rockefeller (RK) mice were sensitized with A. fumigatus extract protein. The animals were subsequently challenged with different degrees of A. fumigatus contamination in the cage bedding. All groups of mice were euthanized to obtain bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for cytological and Elisa assays, and lung tissue for histological analysis. Moreover, several bioassays were conducted to determine whether BALF IgE antibodies can activate mast cells. In this study, we demonstrated that exposure of sensitized mice to a known concentration of A. fumigatus conidia produces bronchial hyperreactivity with marked neutrophilic bronchial infiltration and increased BALF IgE, capable of triggering mast cell degranulation. This study suggests that IgE may play a role in bronchial hyperreactivity associated to A. fumigatus exposure in mice. Mice sensitized and challenged with this fungus showed characteristics of severe asthma, with an increase of BALF neutrophils, histological changes consistent with severe asthma and an increase of IgE capable of triggering type I hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Morán
- Department of pharmacology, faculty of veterinary science, universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - B Uberti
- Department of clinical veterinary sciences, faculty of veterinary sciences, universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A Ortloff
- College of veterinary medicine, universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - H Folch
- Department of immunology, faculty of medicine, universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Bobrus-Chociej A, Daniluk U, Alifier M, Stasiak-Barmuta A, Kaczmarski MG. Alterations of lymphocyte subpopulations and TGF-β in children with transient or persistent cow’s milk allergy. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1387234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bobrus-Chociej
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Daniluk
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Alifier
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Stasiak-Barmuta
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Gustaw Kaczmarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Linge I, Dyatlov A, Kondratieva E, Avdienko V, Apt A, Kondratieva T. B-lymphocytes forming follicle-like structures in the lung tissue of tuberculosis-infected mice: Dynamics, phenotypes and functional activity. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 102:16-23. [PMID: 28061947 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During tuberculosis (TB) infection, B cells form follicles in close vicinity of lung granuloma. We assessed the dynamics of follicle formation, surface phenotypes and functional activity of lung B cells during TB course in genetically susceptible mice. The follicles appeared early post infection and peaked at weeks 7-8. Lung B cells resembled classical B2 cells (CD19+IgMloIgDhiCD1d-CD21/35intCD5-CD11b-CD43-), but differed from them by the absence of B2 marker CD23. Lung B-cells constitutively expressed MHC II molecules, presented mycobacterial antigens to immune CD4+ T-cells and produced high amounts of IL-6 and IL-11, but no classical type 1 (TNF-α, IFN-γ), or anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β) cytokines. The total antibody response in tuberculous lung showed almost no specificity to mycobacteria. A panel of monoclonal antibodies obtained from lung B cells contained only few clones with reactivity to mycobacteria. Our results suggest that anti-TB B cell response in the lung has clear pathological and doubtful protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Linge
- Department of Immunology, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Dyatlov
- Department of Immunology, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Kondratieva
- Department of Immunology, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Avdienko
- Department of Immunology, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Apt
- Department of Immunology, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia; Department of Immunology, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Kondratieva
- Department of Immunology, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
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Takazono T, Sheppard DC. Aspergillus in chronic lung disease: Modeling what goes on in the airways. Med Mycol 2016; 55:39-47. [PMID: 27838644 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus species cause a range of respiratory diseases in humans. While immunocompromised patients are at risk for the development of invasive infection with these opportunistic molds, patients with underlying pulmonary disease can develop chronic airway infection with Aspergillus species. These conditions span a range of inflammatory and allergic diseases including Aspergillus bronchitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and severe asthma with fungal sensitization. Animal models are invaluable tools for the study of the molecular mechanism underlying the colonization of airways by Aspergillus and the host response to these non-invasive infections. In this review we summarize the state-of-the-art with respect to the available animal models of noninvasive and allergic Aspergillus airway disease; the key findings of host-pathogen interaction studies using these models; and the limitations and future directions that should guide the development and use of models for the study of these important pulmonary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takazono
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada .,Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Allergic Inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus-Induced Fungal Asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:59. [PMID: 26288940 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although fungi are pervasive in many environments, few cause disease in humans. Of these, Aspergillus fumigatus is particularly well suited to be a pathogen of the human lung. Its physical and biological characteristics combine to provide an organism that can cause tremendous morbidity and high mortality if left unchecked. Luckily, that is rarely the case. However, repeated exposure to inhaled A. fumigatus spores often results in an immune response that carries significant immunopathology, exacerbating asthma and changing the structure of the lung with chronic impacts to pulmonary function. This review focuses on the current understanding of the mechanisms that are associated with fungal exposure, sensitization, and infection in asthmatics, as well as the function of various inflammatory cells associated with severe asthma with fungal sensitization.
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Ghosh S, Hoselton SA, Wanjara SB, Carlson J, McCarthy JB, Dorsam GP, Schuh JM. Hyaluronan stimulates ex vivo B lymphocyte chemotaxis and cytokine production in a murine model of fungal allergic asthma. Immunobiology 2015; 220:899-909. [PMID: 25698348 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by excessive eosinophilic and lymphocytic inflammation with associated changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) resulting in airway wall remodeling. Hyaluronan (HA) is a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan ECM component that functions as a structural cushion in its high molecular mass (HMM) but has been implicated in metastasis and other disease processes when it is degraded to smaller fragments. However, relatively little is known about the role HA in mediating inflammatory responses in allergy and asthma. In the present study, we used a murine Aspergillus fumigatus inhalational model to mimic human disease. After observing in vivo that a robust B cell recruitment followed a massive eosinophilic egress to the lumen of the allergic lung and corresponded with the detection of low molecular mass HA (LMM HA), we examined the effect of HA on B cell chemotaxis and cytokine production in the ex vivo studies. We found that LMM HA functioned through a CD44-mediated mechanism to elicit chemotaxis of B lymphocytes, while high molecular mass HA (HMM HA) had little effect. LMM HA, but not HMM HA, also elicited the production of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in these cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a critical role for ECM components in mediating leukocyte migration and function which are critical to the maintenance of allergic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Scott A Hoselton
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Steve B Wanjara
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Jennifer Carlson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James B McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Glenn P Dorsam
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Jane M Schuh
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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Ghosh S, Hoselton SA, Dorsam GP, Schuh JM. Hyaluronan fragments as mediators of inflammation in allergic pulmonary disease. Immunobiology 2014; 220:575-88. [PMID: 25582403 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is frequently caused and/or exacerbated by sensitization to allergens, which are ubiquitous in many indoor and outdoor environments. Severe asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and bronchial constriction in response to an inhaled allergen, leading to a disease course that is often very difficult to treat with standard asthma therapies. As a result of interactions among inflammatory cells, structural cells, and the intercellular matrix of the allergic lung, patients with sensitization to allergens may experience a greater degree of tissue injury followed by airway wall remodeling and progressive, accumulated pulmonary dysfunction as part of the disease sequela. In addition, turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) components is a hallmark of tissue injury and repair. This review focuses on the role of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), a component of the ECM, in pulmonary injury and repair with an emphasis on allergic asthma. Both the synthesis and degradation of the ECM are critical contributors to tissue repair and remodeling. Fragmented HA accumulates during tissue injury and functions in ways distinct from the larger native polymer. There is gathering evidence that HA degradation products are active participants in stimulating the expression of inflammatory genes in a variety of immune cells at the injury site. In this review, we will consider recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms that are associated with HA accumulation and inflammatory cell recruitment in the asthmatic lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Scott A Hoselton
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Glenn P Dorsam
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Jane M Schuh
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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B lymphocytes regulate airway granulocytic inflammation and cytokine production in a murine model of fungal allergic asthma. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:202-12. [PMID: 25363529 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization to fungi often leads to a severe form of asthma that is particularly difficult to manage clinically, resulting in increased morbidity and hospitalizations in these patients. Although B lymphocytes might exacerbate asthma symptoms through the production of IgE, these cells might also be important in the protective response against inhaled fungi. Through cytokine release and T-cell interactions, these lymphocytes might also influence the development and maintenance of airway wall fibrosis. J(H)(-/-) mice lack the JH gene for the heavy chain component of antibodies, which is critical for B-cell function and survival. These animals have facilitated the elucidation of the role of B lymphocytes in a number of immune responses; however, J(H)(-/-) mice have not been used to study fungal allergy. In this study, we examined the role of B lymphocytes using an Aspergillus fumigatus murine fungal aeroallergen model that mimics human airway disease that is triggered by environmental fungal exposure. We compared disease progression in sensitized wild-type BALB/c and J(H)(-/-) mice that were exposed to repeated fungal exposure and found no differences in airway hyperresponsiveness, overall pulmonary inflammation or collagen deposition around the large airways. However, the levels of the Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly attenuated in the airways of J(H)(-/-) mice relative to the BALB/c controls. By contrast, levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IL-6 were significantly elevated in the J(H)(-/-) animals, and there was significantly more robust airway eosinophilia and neutrophilia than in control animals. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that B lymphocytes help to regulate granulocytic responses to fungal exposure in the pulmonary compartment.
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Ghosh S, Samarasinghe AE, Hoselton SA, Dorsam GP, Schuh JM. Hyaluronan deposition and co-localization with inflammatory cells and collagen in a murine model of fungal allergic asthma. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:475-84. [PMID: 24519432 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by excessive inflammation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and associated cells of the airway wall. Under inflammatory conditions, hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the ECM, undergoes dynamic changes, which may in turn affect the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells leading to acute and chronic immunopathology of allergic asthma. METHODS In the present study, we measured the changes in HA levels generated at sites of inflammation, and examined its effect on inflammatory responses and collagen deposition in an Aspergillus fumigatus murine inhalational model of allergic asthma. RESULTS We found that HA levels are elevated in allergic animals and that the increase correlated with the influx of inflammatory cells 5 days after the second allergen challenge. This increase in HA levels appeared largely due to upregulation of hyaluronidase-1 (HYAL1) and hyaluronidase-2 (HYAL2). Furthermore, HA co-localizes with areas of new collagen synthesis and deposition. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings contribute to the growing literature that focuses on the components of ECM as inflammatory mediators rather than mere structural support products. The evidence of HA localization in fungal allergic asthma provides the impetus to study HA more closely with allergic leukocytes in murine models. Further studies examining HA's role in mediating cellular responses may help to develop targets for treatment in patients with severe asthma due to fungal sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Dept 7690, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA,
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