1
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Akhlaghi P, Ghouchani A, Rouhi G. The effect of defect size and location on the fracture risk of proximal tibia, following tumor curettage and cementation: An in-silico investigation. Comput Biol Med 2023; 167:107564. [PMID: 37871436 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Even though, proximal tibia is a common site of giant cell tumor and bone fractures, following tumor removal, nonetheless very little attention has been paid to affecting factors on the fracture risk. Here, nonlinear voxel-based finite element models based on computed tomography images were developed to predict bone fracture load with defects with different sizes, which were located in the medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior region of the proximal tibia. Critical defect size was identified using One-sample t-test to assess if the mean difference between the bone strength for a defect size was significantly different from the intact bone strength. Then, the defects larger than critical size were reconstructed with cement and the mechanics of the bone-cement interface (BCI) was investigated to find the regions prone to separation at BCI. A significant increase in fracture risk was observed for the defects larger than 20 mm, which were located in the medial, lateral and anterior regions, and defects larger than 25 mm for those located in the posterior region of the proximal tibia. Furthermore, it was found that the highest and lowest fracture risks were associated with defects located in the medial and posterior regions, respectively, highlighting the importance of selecting the initial location of a cortical window for tumor removal by the surgeon. The results of the BCI analysis showed that the location and size of the cement had a direct impact on the extent of damage and its distribution. Identification of critical regions susceptible to separation at BCI, can provide critical comments to surgeons in selecting the optimal cement augmentation technique, which may ultimately prevent unnecessary surgical intervention, such as using screws and pins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Ghouchani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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2
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He Y, Cheng D, Lian C, Liu Y, Luo W, Wang Y, Ma C, Wu Q, Tian P, He D, Jia Z, Lv X, Zhang X, Pan Z, Lu J, Xiao Y, Zhang P, Liang Y, Yang Q, Hu G. Serglycin induces osteoclastogenesis and promotes tumor growth in giant cell tumor of bone. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:868. [PMID: 34556636 PMCID: PMC8460728 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is an aggressive osteolytic bone tumor characterized by the within-tumor presence of osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), which are induced by the neoplastic stromal cells and lead to extensive bone destruction. However, the underlying mechanism of the pathological process of osteoclastogenesis in GCTB is poorly understood. Here we show that the proteoglycan Serglycin (SRGN) secreted by neoplastic stromal cells plays a crucial role in the formation of MGCs and tumorigenesis in GCTB. Upregulated SRGN expression and secretion are observed in GCTB tumor cells and patients. Stromal-derived SRGN promotes osteoclast differentiation from monocytes. SRGN knockdown in stromal cells inhibits tumor growth and bone destruction in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model of mice. Mechanistically SRGN interacts with CD44 on the cell surface of monocytes and thus activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK), leading to osteoclast differentiation. Importantly, blocking CD44 with a neutralizing antibody reduces the number of MGCs and suppresses tumorigenesis in vivo. Overall, our data reveal a mechanism of MGC induction in GCTB and support CD44-targeting approaches for GCTB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongdong Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Lian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqian Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dasa He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenchang Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianzhe Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinzhou District People's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yansen Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingcheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guohong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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3
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War AR, Dang K, Jiang S, Xiao Z, Miao Z, Yang T, Li Y, Qian A. Role of cancer stem cells in the development of giant cell tumor of bone. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:135. [PMID: 32351329 PMCID: PMC7183664 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary bone tumor is usually observed in adolescence age group which has been shown to be part of nearly 20% of the sarcomas known today. Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) can be benign as well as malignant tumor which exhibits localized dynamism and is usually associated with the end point of a long bone. Giant cell tumor (GCT) involves mononuclear stromal cells which proliferate at a high rate, multinucleated giant cells and stromal cells are equally present in this type of tumor. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been confirmed to play a potential role in the development of GCT. Cancer stem cell-based microRNAs have been shown to contribute to a greater extent in giant cell tumor of bone. CSCs and microRNAs present in the tumors specifically are a great concern today which need in-depth knowledge as well as advanced techniques to treat the bone cancer effectively. In this review, we attempted to summarize the role played by cancer stem cells involving certain important molecules/factors such as; Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), miRNAs and signaling mechanism such as; mTOR/PI3K-AKT, towards the formation of giant cell tumor of bone, in order to get an insight regarding various effective strategies and research advancements to obtain adequate knowledge related to CSCs which may help to focus on highly effective treatment procedures for bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rouf War
- 1Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China.,2Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China.,3NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Kai Dang
- 1Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China.,2Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China.,3NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Shanfen Jiang
- 1Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China.,2Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China.,3NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhongwei Xiao
- 4Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Miao
- 1Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China.,2Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China.,3NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Tuanmin Yang
- 5Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Yu Li
- 1Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China.,2Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China.,3NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Airong Qian
- 1Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China.,2Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China.,3NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi China
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4
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Mosleh H, Rouhi G, Ghouchani A, Bagheri N. Prediction of fracture risk of a distal femur reconstructed with bone cement: QCSRA, FEA, and in-vitro cadaver tests. Phys Eng Sci Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13246-020-00848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Chen W, Twaroski K, Eide C, Riddle MJ, Orchard PJ, Tolar J. TCIRG1 Transgenic Rescue of Osteoclast Function Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Patients with Infantile Malignant Autosomal Recessive Osteopetrosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2019; 101:1939-1947. [PMID: 31567691 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.19.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoclasts are hematopoietic stem cell-derived multinucleated cells necessary for bone remodeling and resorption. TCIRG1 encodes a protein that is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent vacuolar proton pump required for this process. Recessive loss-of-function mutations in both copies of this gene lead to impairment of osteoclast function, with increased bone density, increased skeletal mass, and early mortality. METHODS We isolated fibroblasts from a patient with the compound heterozygous TCIRG1 mutations c.1549G>A (p.517D>N) and c.2236C>T (p.746Q>X), and reprogrammed them into iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells. The function of osteoclasts derived from these cells was then rescued by transgenic expression of TCIRG1 cDNA. RESULTS In addition to the known effects of TCIRG1 loss of function, iPS cell-derived osteoclasts from this patient had reduced expression of the bone remodeling enzymes cathepsin K (CTSK) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), leading to reduced in vitro bone remodeling. Expression of both genes and pit formation were restored in iPS cell-derived osteoclasts following transgenic restoration of TCIRG1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Transgenic overexpression of TCIRG1 was sufficient to restore osteoclast function in iPS cell-derived osteoclasts from a patient with infantile malignant autosomal-recessive osteopetrosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This work provides a proof of concept for an autologous approach to treating osteopetrosis, potentially avoiding the risks associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a young patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Chen
- Stem Cell Institute (W.C., K.T., and J.T.) and Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (C.E., M.J.R., P.J.O., and J.T.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kirk Twaroski
- Stem Cell Institute (W.C., K.T., and J.T.) and Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (C.E., M.J.R., P.J.O., and J.T.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cindy Eide
- Stem Cell Institute (W.C., K.T., and J.T.) and Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (C.E., M.J.R., P.J.O., and J.T.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Megan J Riddle
- Stem Cell Institute (W.C., K.T., and J.T.) and Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (C.E., M.J.R., P.J.O., and J.T.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paul J Orchard
- Stem Cell Institute (W.C., K.T., and J.T.) and Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (C.E., M.J.R., P.J.O., and J.T.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Stem Cell Institute (W.C., K.T., and J.T.) and Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (C.E., M.J.R., P.J.O., and J.T.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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6
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Xu L, Wu Z, Zhou Z, Yang X, Xiao J. Intratibial injection of patient-derived tumor cells from giant cell tumor of bone elicits osteolytic reaction in nude mouse. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4649-4655. [PMID: 30214599 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been various reports in the literature of an in vivo model for giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). However, few suitable animal models of GCTB have been established, due to the fact that GCTB contains three histologically different cell types. To the best of our knowledge, injection of patient-derived GCTB cells into bone environment has not been reported until now. In the present study, the biological behavior of GCTB cells in nude mice was investigated through intratibial injection of patient-derived GCTB cells. Patient-derived GCTB cells were obtained from 5 patients who had not undergone chemo- and radiotherapy. Once isolated, the cell suspension was injected into the tibias of nude mice. The growth process was monitored by weekly observation and photographic documentation using X-ray. Four months after injection, nude mice were sacrificed and the injected tibial samples were fixed, and further analyzed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), standard histology, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and mitochondrial immunofluorescence staining. X-ray, micro-CT and standard histology revealed osteolytic destruction in the proximal end of the tibia. TRAP staining identified TRAP-positive, osteoclast-like cells distributed in the bone marrow interface of the lesion area. Anti-human mitochondrial immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the surviving cells in the osteolytic destruction were of human GCTB cell origin. These findings indicate that intratibial injection of patient-derived GCTB cells may elicit osteolytic destruction in nude mice. The results of the current study present a novel animal model for GCTB, opening new perspectives to investigate this disease and develop therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Education, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian 361001, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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7
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Ghouchani A, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Rouhi G. The Most Appropriate Reconstruction Method Following Giant Cell Tumor Curettage: A Biomechanical Approach. THE ARCHIVES OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY 2018; 6:85-89. [PMID: 29600259 PMCID: PMC5867362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Ghouchani
- Research performed at the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Ebrahimzadeh
- Research performed at the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rouhi
- Research performed at the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Abstract
There are many unanswered questions about giant cell tumor (GCT) treatment and not enough attention is paid to the biomechanics of the current treatment methods. Treatment methods have not changed much, and the best method remains controversial to some degree, due to the lack of adequate clinical and biomechanical investigations. Biomechanical tests, including in vitro mechanical experiments combined with finite element analysis, are very helpful in assessing the efficiency of the surgical methods employed and in determining the optimal method of surgery. Tests can be tailored to meet a patient’s needs, while limiting postoperative complications. One of the complications, following tumor surgery, is the frequency of postoperative fractures. In order to prevent postoperative fractures, defect reconstruction is recommended. The reconstruction usually consists of defect infilling with bone cement, and in the case of large defects cement augmentation is employed. Whether cement augmentation is essential and offers enough mechanical strength and what is the best fixation device for cement augmentation are areas of debate. In this article, the biomechanical studies comparing different methods of tumor surgery and cement augmentation, highlighting the areas needing more attention to advance GCT treatment, are critically reviewed. Based on our review, we recommend a biomechanical criterion for the essence of defect reconstruction, which must include patient specific factors, in addition to the tumor geometrical properties.
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9
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Xu L, Luo J, Jin R, Yue Z, Sun P, Yang Z, Yang X, Wan W, Zhang J, Li S, Liu M, Xiao J. Bortezomib Inhibits Giant Cell Tumor of Bone through Induction of Cell Apoptosis and Inhibition of Osteoclast Recruitment, Giant Cell Formation, and Bone Resorption. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:854-65. [PMID: 26861247 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare and highly osteolytic bone tumor that usually leads to an extensive bone lesion. The purpose of this study was to discover novel therapeutic targets and identify potential agents for treating GCTB. After screening the serum cytokine profiles in 52 GCTB patients and 10 normal individuals using the ELISA assay, we found that NF-κB signaling-related cytokines, including TNFα, MCP-1, IL1α, and IL17A, were significantly increased in GCTB patients. The results were confirmed by IHC that the expression and activity of p65 were significantly increased in GCTB patients. Moreover, all of the NF-κB inhibitors tested suppressed GCTB cell growth, and bortezomib (Velcade), a well-known proteasome inhibitor, was the most potent inhibitor in blocking GCTB cells growth. Our results showed that bortezomib not only induced GCTB neoplastic stromal cell (NSC) apoptosis, but also suppressed GCTB NSC-induced giant cell differentiation, formation, and resorption. Moreover, bortezomib specifically suppressed GCTB NSC-induced preosteoclast recruitment. Furthermore, bortezomib ameliorated GCTB cell-induced bone destruction in vivo As a result, bortezomib suppressed NF-κB-regulated gene expression in GCTB NSC apoptosis, monocyte migration, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. Particularly, the inhibitory effects of bortezomib were much better than zoledronic acid, a drug currently used in treating GCTB, in our in vitro experimental paradigms. Together, our results demonstrated that NF-κB signaling pathway is highly activated in GCTB, and bortezomib could suppress GCTB and osteolysis in vivo and in vitro, indicating that bortezomib is a potential agent in the treatment of GCTB. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 854-65. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China. Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China. Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China. Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Rongrong Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China. The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhengfeng Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jishen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shichang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China. Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China. Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China. Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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10
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Lau CPY, Wong KC, Huang L, Li G, Tsui SKW, Kumta SM. A mouse model of luciferase-transfected stromal cells of giant cell tumor of bone. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:493-503. [PMID: 26327464 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1075519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A major barrier towards the study of the effects of drugs on Giant Cell Tumor of Bone (GCT) has been the lack of an animal model. In this study, we created an animal model in which GCT stromal cells survived and functioned as proliferating neoplastic cells. A proliferative cell line of GCT stromal cells was used to create a stable and luciferase-transduced cell line, Luc-G33. The cell line was characterized and was found that there were no significant differences on cell proliferation rate and recruitment of monocytes when compared with the wild type GCT stromal cells. We delivered the Luc-G33 cells either subcutaneously on the back or to the tibiae of the nude mice. The presence of viable Luc-G33 cells was assessed using real-time live imaging by the IVIS 200 bioluminescent imaging (BLI) system. The tumor cells initially propagated and remained viable on site for 7 weeks in the subcutaneous tumor model. We also tested in vivo antitumor effects of Zoledronate (ZOL) and Geranylgeranyl transferase-I inhibitor (GGTI-298) alone or their combinations in Luc-G33-transplanted nude mice. ZOL alone at 400 µg/kg and the co-treatment of ZOL at 400 µg/kg and GGTI-298 at 1.16 mg/kg reduced tumor cell viability in the model. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effects by ZOL, GGTI-298 and the co-treatment in subcutaneous tumor model were also confirmed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. In conclusion, we established a nude mice model of GCT stromal cells which allows non-invasive, real-time assessments of tumor development and testing the in vivo effects of different adjuvants for treating GCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol P Y Lau
- a Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Chuen Wong
- a Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - Lin Huang
- b Department of Surgery , Prince of Wales Hospital , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong , and
| | - Gang Li
- a Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - Stephen K W Tsui
- c School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - Shekhar Madhukar Kumta
- a Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
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Liu L, Aleksandrowicz E, Fan P, Schönsiegel F, Zhang Y, Sähr H, Gladkich J, Mattern J, Depeweg D, Lehner B, Fellenberg J, Herr I. Enrichment of c-Met+ tumorigenic stromal cells of giant cell tumor of bone and targeting by cabozantinib. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1471. [PMID: 25321478 PMCID: PMC4237261 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a very rare tumor entity, which is little examined owing to the lack of established cell lines and mouse models and the restriction of available primary cell lines. The stromal cells of GCTB have been made responsible for the aggressive growth and metastasis, emphasizing the presence of a cancer stem cell population. To identify and target such tumor-initiating cells, stromal cells were isolated from eight freshly resected GCTB tissues. Tumorigenic properties were examined by colony and spheroid formation, differentiation, migration, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, immunohistochemistry, antibody protein array, Alu in situ hybridization, FACS analysis and xenotransplantation into fertilized chicken eggs and mice. A sub-population of the neoplastic stromal cells formed spheroids and colonies, differentiated to osteoblasts, migrated to wounded regions and expressed the metastasis marker CXC-chemokine receptor type 4, indicating self-renewal, invasion and differentiation potential. Compared with adherent-growing cells, markers for pluripotency, stemness and cancer progression, including the CSC surface marker c-Met, were enhanced in spheroidal cells. This c-Met-enriched sub-population formed xenograft tumors in fertilized chicken eggs and mice. Cabozantinib, an inhibitor of c-Met in phase II trials, eliminated CSC features with a higher therapeutic effect than standard chemotherapy. This study identifies a c-Met+ tumorigenic sub-population within stromal GCTB cells and suggests the c-Met inhibitor cabozantinib as a new therapeutic option for targeted elimination of unresectable or recurrent GCTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Department of Molecular OncoSurgery, General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Aleksandrowicz
- Department of Molecular OncoSurgery, General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Fan
- Department of Molecular OncoSurgery, General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Schönsiegel
- Department of Molecular OncoSurgery, General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Molecular OncoSurgery, General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Sähr
- Department of Experimental Orthopedics, Orthopedic University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Gladkich
- Department of Molecular OncoSurgery, General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Mattern
- Department of Molecular OncoSurgery, General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Depeweg
- Department of Experimental Orthopedics, Orthopedic University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Lehner
- Department of Experimental Orthopedics, Orthopedic University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Fellenberg
- Department of Experimental Orthopedics, Orthopedic University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Herr
- Department of Molecular OncoSurgery, General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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