1
|
Selvaraj C, Pravin MA, Alhoqail WA, Nayarisseri A, Singh SK. Intrinsically disordered proteins in viral pathogenesis and infections. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 132:221-242. [PMID: 36088077 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Disordered proteins serve a crucial part in many biological processes that go beyond the capabilities of ordered proteins. A large number of virus-encoded proteins have extremely condensed proteomes and genomes, which results in highly disordered proteins. The presence of these IDPs allows them to rapidly adapt to changes in their biological environment and play a significant role in viral replication and down-regulation of host defense mechanisms. Since viruses undergo rapid evolution and have a high rate of mutation and accumulation in their proteome, IDPs' insights into viruses are critical for understanding how viruses hijack cells and cause disease. There are many conformational changes that IDPs can adopt in order to interact with different protein partners and thus stabilize the particular fold and withstand high mutation rates. This chapter explains the molecular mechanism behind viral IDPs, as well as the significance of recent research in the field of IDPs, with the goal of gaining a deeper comprehension of the essential roles and functions played by viral proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Muthuraja Arun Pravin
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Wardah A Alhoqail
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anuraj Nayarisseri
- In Silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhavaniramya S, Sibiya A, Alothaim AS, Al Othaim A, Ramar V, Veluchamy A, Manikandan P, Vaseeharan B. Evaluating the structural and immune mechanism of Interleukin-6 for the investigation of goat milk peptides as potential treatments for COVID-19. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2022; 34:101924. [PMID: 35233153 PMCID: PMC8875951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The function of Immune control, haematopoiesis, and inflammation all depend on the cytokine Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and higher expression of IL-6 is seen in COVID-19 and other diseases. The immune protein IL-6 activation is dependent on binding interactions with IL-6Rα, mIL-6R, and sIL-6R for its cellular function. Termination of these reaction could benefit for controlling the over-expression in COVID-19 patients and that may arise as inhibitors for controlling COVID-19. Traditionally, the goat milk has been prescribed as medicine in ayurvedic practice and through this work, we have explored the benefits of peptides from goat milk as IL-6 inhibitors, and it have the potential of inhibiting the over expression of IL-6 and control the COVID-19 disease. Computational experiments have shown that goat peptides had strong interactions with IL-6, with higher scoring profiles and energy efficiency ranging from −6.00 kcal/mol to −9.00 kcal/mol in docking score and −39.00 kcal/mol in binding energy. Especially the YLGYLEQLLR, VLVLDTDYK and AMKPWIQPK peptides from goat milk holds better scoring and shows strong interactions were identified as the most potential IL-6 inhibitor candidates in this study. Peptides from Goat proteins, which are capable of binding to the IL-6 receptor with strong binding conformations, have no negative effects on other immune system proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundaresan Bhavaniramya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashokkumar Sibiya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdulaziz S Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vanajothi Ramar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Alaguraj Veluchamy
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Palanisamy Manikandan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Greenlink Analytical and Research Laboratory, India Private Limited, Coimbatore 641 014, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Selvaraj C, Sakkiah S, Dinesh DC. Molecular Insights into Agonist/Antagonist Effects on Macromolecules Involved in Human Disease Mechanisms. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022; 15:263-264. [PMID: 35603890 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215999220317164522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Computer-Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|