1
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Tosato M, Randhawa P, Asti M, Hemmingsen LBS, O'Shea CA, Thaveenrasingam P, Sauer SPA, Chen S, Graiff C, Menegazzo I, Baron M, Radchenko V, Ramogida CF, Di Marco V. Capturing Mercury-197m/g for Auger Electron Therapy and Cancer Theranostic with Sulfur-Containing Cyclen-Based Macrocycles. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14241-14255. [PMID: 39024562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The interest in mercury radioisotopes, 197mHg (t1/2 = 23.8 h) and 197gHg (t1/2 = 64.14 h), has recently been reignited by the dual diagnostic and therapeutic nature of their nuclear decays. These isotopes emit γ-rays suitable for single photon emission computed tomography imaging and Auger electrons which can be exploited for treating small and metastatic tumors. However, the clinical utilization of 197m/gHg radionuclides is obstructed by the lack of chelators capable of securely binding them to tumor-seeking vectors. This work aims to address this challenge by investigating a series of chemically tailored macrocyclic platforms with sulfur-containing side arms, namely, 1,4,7,10-tetrakis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO4S), 1,4,7-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3S), and 1,7-bis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-4,10-diacetic acid (DO2A2S). 1,4,7,10-Tetrazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetracetic acid (DOTA), the widest explored chelator in nuclear medicine, and the nonfunctionalized backbone 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane (cyclen) were considered as well to shed light on the role of the sulfanyl arms in the metal coordination. To this purpose, a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study encompassing aqueous coordination chemistry investigations through potentiometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, as well as concentration- and temperature-dependent [197m/gHg]Hg2+ radiolabeling and in vitro stability assays in human serum was conducted. The obtained results reveal that the investigated chelators rapidly complex Hg2+ in aqueous media, forming extremely thermodynamically stable 1:1 metal-to-ligand complexes with superior stabilities compared to those of DOTA or cyclen. These complexes exhibited 6- to 8-fold coordination environments, with donors statically bound to the metal center, as evidenced by the presence of 1H-199Hg spin-spin coupling via NMR. A similar octacoordinated environment was also found for DOTA in both solution and solid state, but in this case, multiple slowly exchanging conformers were detected at ambient temperature. The sulfur-rich ligands quantitatively incorporate cyclotron-produced [197m/gHg]Hg2+ under relatively mild reaction conditions (pH = 7 and T = 50 °C), with the resulting radioactive complexes exhibiting decent stability in human serum (up to 75% after 24 h). By developing viable chelators and understanding the impact of structural modifications, our research addresses the scarcity of suitable chelating agents for 197m/gHg, offering promise for its future in vivo application as a theranostic Auger-emitter radiometal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, BC V5A 0A7 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Parmissa Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, BC V5A 0A7 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mattia Asti
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lars B S Hemmingsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catriona Ann O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shaohuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, BC V5A 0A7 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ileana Menegazzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Baron
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z1 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, BC V5A 0A7 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Randhawa P, Carbo-Bague I, Davey PRWJ, Chen S, Merkens H, Uribe CF, Zhang C, Tosato M, Bénard F, Radchenko V, Ramogida CF. Exploration of commercial cyclen-based chelators for mercury-197 m/g incorporation into theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. Front Chem 2024; 12:1292566. [PMID: 38389726 PMCID: PMC10881723 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1292566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation of the Hg2+ coordination chemistry and 197m/gHg radiolabeling capabilities of cyclen-based commercial chelators, namely, DOTA and DOTAM (aka TCMC), along with their bifunctional counterparts, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA and p-SCN-Bn-TCMC, was conducted to assess the suitability of these frameworks as bifunctional chelators for the 197m/gHg2+ theranostic pair. Radiolabeling studies revealed that TCMC and DOTA exhibited low radiochemical yields (0%-6%), even when subjected to harsh conditions (80°C) and high ligand concentrations (10-4 M). In contrast, p-SCN-Bn-TCMC and p-SCN-Bn-DOTA demonstrated significantly higher 197m/gHg radiochemical yields (100% ± 0.0% and 70.9% ± 1.1%, respectively) under the same conditions. The [197 m/gHg]Hg-p-SCN-Bn-TCMC complex was kinetically inert when challenged against human serum and glutathione. To understand the differences in labeling between the commercial chelators and their bifunctional counterparts, non-radioactive natHg2+ complexes were assessed using NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The NMR spectra of Hg-TCMC and Hg-p-SCN-Bn-TCMC suggested binding of the Hg2+ ion through the cyclen backbone framework. DFT studies indicated that binding of the Hg2+ ion within the backbone forms a thermodynamically stable product. However, competition can form between isothiocyanate binding and binding through the macrocycle, which was experimentally observed. The isothiocyanate bound coordination product was dominant at the radiochemical scale as, in comparison, the macrocycle bound product was seen at the NMR scale, agreeing with the DFT result. Furthermore, a bioconjugate of TCMC (TCMC-PSMA) targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen was synthesized and radiolabeled, resulting in an apparent molar activity of 0.089 MBq/nmol. However, the complex demonstrated significant degradation over 24 h when exposed to human serum and glutathione. Subsequently, cell binding assays were conducted, revealing a Ki value ranging from 19.0 to 19.6 nM. This research provides crucial insight into the effectiveness of current commercial chelators in the context of 197m/gHg2+ radiolabeling. It underscores the necessity for the development of specific and customized chelators to these unique "soft" radiometals to advance 197m/gHg2+ radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmissa Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Imma Carbo-Bague
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patrick R W J Davey
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shaohuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carlos F Uribe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Franchi S, Asti M, Di Marco V, Tosato M. The Curies' element: state of the art and perspectives on the use of radium in nuclear medicine. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:38. [PMID: 37947909 PMCID: PMC10638329 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alpha-emitter radium-223 (223Ra) is presently used in nuclear medicine for the palliative treatment of bone metastases from castration-resistant prostate cancer. This application arises from its advantageous decay properties and its intrinsic ability to accumulate in regions of high bone turnover when injected as a simple chloride salt. The commercial availability of [223Ra]RaCl2 as a registered drug (Xofigo®) is a further additional asset. MAIN BODY The prospect of extending the utility of 223Ra to targeted α-therapy of non-osseous cancers has garnered significant interest. Different methods, such as the use of bifunctional chelators and nanoparticles, have been explored to incorporate 223Ra in proper carriers designed to precisely target tumor sites. Nevertheless, the search for a suitable scaffold remains an ongoing challenge, impeding the diffusion of 223Ra-based radiopharmaceuticals. CONCLUSION This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current role of radium radioisotopes in nuclear medicine, with a specific focus on 223Ra. It also critically examines the endeavors conducted so far to develop constructs capable of incorporating 223Ra into cancer-targeting drugs. Particular emphasis is given to the chemical aspects aimed at providing molecular scaffolds for the bifunctional chelator approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Franchi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Asti
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL di Reggio Emilia: Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Marianna Tosato
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL di Reggio Emilia: Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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Hurley K, Cao M, Huang H, Wang Y. Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) with Single-Domain Antibodies (Nanobodies). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3493. [PMID: 37444603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistent threat of cancer necessitates the development of improved and more efficient therapeutic strategies that limit damage to healthy tissues. Targeted alpha therapy (TαT), a novel form of radioimmuno-therapy (RIT), utilizes a targeting vehicle, commonly antibodies, to deliver high-energy, but short-range, alpha-emitting particles specifically to cancer cells, thereby reducing toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. Although full-length antibodies are often employed as targeting vehicles for TαT, their high molecular weight and the presence of an Fc-region lead to a long blood half-life, increased bone marrow toxicity, and accumulation in other tissues such as the kidney, liver, and spleen. The discovery of single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), or nanobodies, naturally occurring in camelids and sharks, has introduced a novel antigen-specific vehicle for molecular imaging and TαT. Given that nanobodies are the smallest naturally occurring antigen-binding fragments, they exhibit shorter relative blood half-lives, enhanced tumor uptake, and equivalent or superior binding affinity and specificity. Nanobody technology could provide a viable solution for the off-target toxicity observed with full-length antibody-based TαT. Notably, the pharmacokinetic properties of nanobodies align better with the decay characteristics of many short-lived α-emitting radionuclides. This review aims to encapsulate recent advancements in the use of nanobodies as a vehicle for TαT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hurley
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Meiyun Cao
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Haiming Huang
- Research Center, Forlong Biotechnology Inc., Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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5
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Kostelnik TI, Olson AP, Grundmane A, Ellison PA, Mynerich J, Chen S, Marinova A, Randhawa P, Karaivanov D, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barnhart TE, Orvig C, Ramogida CF, Hoehr C, Filosofov D, Engle JW, Radchenko V. Production and radiochemistry of antimony-120m: Efforts toward Auger electron therapy with 119Sb. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 122-123:108352. [PMID: 37390607 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeted Meitner-Auger Therapy (TMAT) has potential for personalized treatment thanks to its subcellular dosimetric selectivity, which is distinct from the dosimetry of β- and α particle emission based Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT). To date, most clinical and preclinical TMAT studies have used commercially available radionuclides. These studies showed promising results despite using radionuclides with theoretically suboptimal photon to electron ratios, decay kinetics, and electron emission spectra. Studies using radionuclides whose decay characteristics are considered more optimal are therefore important for evaluation of the full potential of Meitner-Auger therapy; 119Sb is among the best such candidates. In the present work, we develop radiochemical purification of 120Sb from irradiated natural tin targets for TMAT studies with 119Sb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Kostelnik
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Aeli P Olson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Aivija Grundmane
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Paul A Ellison
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Jenasee Mynerich
- Faculty of Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Shaohuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Atanaska Marinova
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
| | - Parmissa Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Dimitar Karaivanov
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | | | - Cornelia Hoehr
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada; Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics, and Statistics, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Dmitry Filosofov
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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6
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Pedersen KS, Deville C, Søndergaard U, Jensen M, Jensen AI. Improved procedures for production and purification of 135La from enriched [ 135Ba]BaCO 3 on a 16.5 MeV cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 192:110612. [PMID: 36521259 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanum-135 (135La) is a favorable Auger electron emitter with a high Auger electron yield and low gamma emission, making it promising for Auger electron radiotherapy. However, successful application requires reliable and scalable 135La production. Up to now, metallic natural barium (natBa) is a commonly used target material, but this material is sensitive to moisture and oxidation. BaCO3 has also been tested, due to its higher chemical stability. However, BaCO3 has poor thermal conductivity, limiting the applicable current and making high yield production challenging. In this study, we pressed a mixture of enriched [135Ba]BaCO3 and fine aluminum (Al) powder to provide a stable target with improved thermal conductivity compared to pure BaCO3. After 4 h of irradiation with a 16.5 MeV proton beam at 20 μA current, 1.62 ± 0.18 GBq was produced from a 200 mg [135Ba]BaCO3:Al (1:2, w/w) target. This corresponded to a saturation yield of 11.91 ± 1.31 GBq (or 596 ± 66 MBq/μA). A purification procedure involving initial precipitation, followed by a single composite column containing a layer of TK200 resin and a second layer of branched DGA resin was developed, with 97.1 ± 3.6 % decay corrected 135La recovery. [135La]LaCl3 was obtained in an effective molar activity of 79.6 ± 25.3 MBq/nmol (DOTA titration), 104.0 ± 40.4 MBq/nmol (DTPA titration) and 186.5 ± 83.8 MBq/nmol (CHX-A″-DTPA titration), and a radionuclidic purity (RNP) of >99.9 % at end of purification, hereby demonstrating a purity suitable for radiopharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Søborg Pedersen
- The Hevesy Laboratory, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Building 202, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Claire Deville
- The Hevesy Laboratory, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Building 202, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ursula Søndergaard
- University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusvegen 38, 9019, Tromsø, Norway; Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mikael Jensen
- The Hevesy Laboratory, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Building 202, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Andreas I Jensen
- The Hevesy Laboratory, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Building 202, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
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7
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Randhawa P, Gower-Fry KL, Stienstra CMK, Tosato M, Chen S, Gao Y, McDonagh AW, Di Marco V, Radchenko V, Schreckenbach G, Ramogida CF. Selective Chelation of the Exotic Meitner-Auger Emitter Mercury-197 m/g with Sulfur-Rich Macrocyclic Ligands: Towards the Future of Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203815. [PMID: 36701527 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mercury-197 m/g are a promising pair of radioactive isomers for incorporation into a theranostic as they can be used as a diagnostic agent using SPECT imaging and a therapeutic via Meitner-Auger electron emissions. However, the current absence of ligands able to stably coordinate 197m/g Hg to a tumour-targeting vector precludes their use in vivo. To address this, we report herein a series of sulfur-rich chelators capable of incorporating 197m/g Hg into a radiopharmaceutical. 1,4,7,10-Tetrathia-13-azacyclopentadecane (NS4 ) and its derivatives, (2-(1,4,7,10-tetrathia-13-azacyclopentadecan-13-yl)acetic acid (NS4 -CA) and N-benzyl-2-(1,4,7,10-tetrathia-13-azacyclopentadecan-13-yl)acetamide (NS4 -BA), were designed, synthesized and analyzed for their ability to coordinate Hg2+ through a combination of theoretical (DFT) and experimental coordination chemistry studies (NMR and mass spectrometry) as well as 197m/g Hg radiolabeling studies and in vitro stability assays. The development of stable ligands for 197m/g Hg reported herein is extremely impactful as it would enable their use for in vivo imaging and therapy, leading to personalized treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmissa Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K Lexi Gower-Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cailum M K Stienstra
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Shaohuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 140 Dysart Rd, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Anthony W McDonagh
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 140 Dysart Rd, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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8
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Chen S, Bas M, Happel S, Randhawa P, McNeil S, Kurakina E, Zeisler S, Maskell K, Hoehr C, Ramogida CF, Radchenko V. Determination of distribution coefficients of mercury and gold on selected extraction chromatographic resins - towards an improved separation method of mercury-197 from proton-irradiated gold targets. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463717. [PMID: 36565656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radioisotope mercury-197g (197gHg, half-life: 64.14 h) along with its metastable isomer (197mHg, half-life: 23.8 h) are potential candidates for targeted Meitner-Auger electron therapy due to their suitable decay properties. Their production can be achieved via proton irradiation of a natural gold target, but the number of studies surrounding their separation from an irradiated gold target is limited. This study focuses on the determination of distribution coefficients (Kd) of gold (III) and mercury (II) on seven extraction chromatographic resins. Mercury Kd were measured by means of radiotracers and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP_MS); values obtained from the two methods were generally in good agreement. These results can provide insight on Hg and Au chemistry and aid in the design of improved separation system(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohuang Chen
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Marine Bas
- TrisKem International SAS, 3 Rue des Champs Géons ZAC de L'Éperon, Bruz, Brittany 35170, France
| | - Steffen Happel
- TrisKem International SAS, 3 Rue des Champs Géons ZAC de L'Éperon, Bruz, Brittany 35170, France
| | - Parmissa Randhawa
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Scott McNeil
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Elena Kurakina
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Stefan Zeisler
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Keiran Maskell
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Cornelia Hoehr
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada; Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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9
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Nichols AL. Status of the decay data for medical radionuclides: existing and potential diagnostic γ emitters, diagnostic β + emitters and therapeutic radioisotopes. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recommended half-lives and specific well-defined emission energies and absolute emission probabilities are important input parameters that should be well-defined to assist in ensuring the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of individual radionuclides when applied in the field of nuclear medicine. Bearing in mind the nature of these requirements, approximately one hundred radionuclides have been considered and re-assessed as to whether their decay data are either adequately quantified, or require further in-depth measurements to improve their existing status and merit full re-evaluations of their decay schemes. The primary aim of such a review is to provide sufficient information on the existing and future requirements for such atomic and nuclear data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L. Nichols
- Department of Physics , University of Surrey , Guildford , GU2 7XH , UK
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 , India
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10
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Olson AP, Ma L, Feng Y, Najafi Khosroshahi F, Kelley SP, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barnhart TE, Hennkens HM, Ellison PA, Jurisson SS, Engle JW. A Third Generation Potentially Bifunctional Trithiol Chelate, Its nat,1XXSb(III) Complex, and Selective Chelation of Radioantimony ( 119Sb) from Its Sn Target. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15223-15232. [PMID: 34606252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the Meitner-Auger- and conversion-electron emitting radionuclide 119Sb remains unexplored because of the difficulty of incorporating it into biologically targeted compounds. To address this challenge, we report the development of 119Sb production from electroplated tin cyclotron targets and its complexation by a novel trithiol chelate. The chelation reaction occurs in harsh solvent conditions even in the presence of large quantities of tin, which are necessary for production on small, low energy (16 MeV) cyclotrons. The 119Sb-trithiol complex has high stability and can be purified by HPLC. The third generation trithiol chelate and the analogous stable natSb-trithiol compound were synthesized and characterized, including by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeli P Olson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Yutian Feng
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | | | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Heather M Hennkens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.,University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), Columbia, Missouri 65203, United States
| | - Paul A Ellison
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Silvia S Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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11
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Gilpin IMF, Ullrich M, Wünsche T, Zarschler K, Lebeda O, Pietzsch J, Pietzsch H, Walther M. Radiolabelled Cyclic Bisarylmercury: High Chemical and in vivo Stability for Theranostics. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2645-2649. [PMID: 33949125 PMCID: PMC8518081 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We show the synthesis of an in vivo stable mercury compound with functionality suitable for radiopharmaceuticals. The designed cyclic bisarylmercury was based on the water tolerance of organomercurials, higher bond dissociation energy of Hg-Ph to Hg-S, and the experimental evidence that acyclic structures suffer significant cleavage of one of the Hg-R bonds. The bispidine motif was chosen for its in vivo stability, chemical accessibility, and functionalization properties. Radionuclide production results in 197(m) HgCl2 (aq), so the desired mercury compound was formed via a water-tolerant organotin transmetallation. The Hg-bispidine compound showed high chemical stability in tests with an excess of sulfur-containing competitors and high in vivo stability, without any observable protein interaction by human serum assay, and good organ clearance demonstrated by biodistribution and SPECT studies in rats. In particular, no retention in the kidneys was observed, typical of unstable mercury compounds. The nat Hg analogue allowed full characterization by NMR and HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Moore F. Gilpin
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistrySchool of ScienceDresden University of TechnologyMommsenstrasse 901062DresdenGermany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Wünsche
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Ondřej Lebeda
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsNuclear Physics Institute of the CASŘež 130250 68Husinec-ŘežCzech Republic
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistrySchool of ScienceDresden University of TechnologyMommsenstrasse 901062DresdenGermany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Martin Walther
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
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