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Leach MJ, Ward B, Kippen R, Quinn B, Agius PA, Sutton K, Peterson J, Dietze PM. Level and correlates of social support in a community-based sample of Australians who primarily smoke methamphetamine. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e4950-e4960. [PMID: 35833453 PMCID: PMC10946876 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the level and correlates of social support amongst people who use methamphetamine. We aimed to describe, and determine characteristics associated with, social support amongst a community-recruited cohort of Australians who primarily smoked methamphetamine. A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the Victorian Methamphetamine Cohort Study (VMAX). Adults (aged ≥18 years) who used methamphetamine were recruited from June 2016 to March 2020 across metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas using convenience, snowball, and respondent-driven sampling. Social support was measured using the seven-item Enhancing Recovery In Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) Social Support Inventory (ESSI). Characteristics independently associated with ESSI quartiles were assessed via multivariable partial proportional odds regression. Overall, 718 participants were included for complete-case analysis. Their mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 34.7 (9.7) years and 62% were male. The mean (SD) and median (lower quartile-upper quartile) ESSI scores were 22.6 (7.6) and 24 (16-29), respectively, on a scale of 8 to 34 where higher scores denote better self-perceived social support. Characteristics independently associated with lower ESSI included past-year homelessness (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36-0.66), moderate/severe depression (aOR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.42-0.86), increasing age relative to <30 years (aOR[30-39] = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.41-0.91; aOR[≥40] = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35-0.91) and greater than fortnightly methamphetamine use (aOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.52-0.91). Characteristics independently associated with higher ESSI were employment (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.06-2.14) and female gender (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.00-1.92). Social support services for people who use methamphetamine could be targeted and tailored to subgroups defined by correlates of social support, such as those who experience homelessness, depression or unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernadette Ward
- School of Rural HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Behaviours and Health Risks ProgramBurnet InstituteMelbourneAustralia
| | - Rebecca Kippen
- School of Rural HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Brendan Quinn
- Behaviours and Health Risks ProgramBurnet InstituteMelbourneAustralia
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Australian Institute of Family StudiesMelbourneAustralia
| | - Paul A. Agius
- Behaviours and Health Risks ProgramBurnet InstituteMelbourneAustralia
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Keith Sutton
- School of Rural HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Behaviours and Health Risks ProgramBurnet InstituteMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Paul M. Dietze
- Behaviours and Health Risks ProgramBurnet InstituteMelbourneAustralia
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- National Drug Research InstituteCurtin UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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Behle N, Kamp F, Proebstl L, Hager L, Riebschläger M, Schacht-Jablonowsky M, Hamdorf W, Neumann S, Krause D, Manz K, Franke AG, Koller G, Soyka M. Treatment outcome, cognitive function, and psychopathology in methamphetamine users compared to other substance users. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:944-957. [PMID: 36051595 PMCID: PMC9331444 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i7.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising number of people using methamphetamine leads to an increasing need for treatment options for this patient group. Evidence-based research on the efficacy of treatment programs for methamphetamine users is limited. Due to specific characteristics of methamphetamine users, the question arises whether established treatment methods for individuals using other substances can be effective for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence as well. We hypothesize that there are significant differences between the two groups that may affect the effectiveness of treatment and worsen the prognosis of treatment outcomes for methamphetamine users compared to consumers of other substances.
AIM To investigate potential differences in cognitive functioning and psychopathology between methamphetamine users and other substance users and possible correlations with treatment outcomes.
METHODS A total of 110 subjects were recruited for an observational, longitudinal study from a German inpatient addiction treatment center: 55 patients with methamphetamine dependence and 55 patients with dependence of other substances (“OS group”). Both groups were examined at beginning (baseline) and end of treatment (after 6 mo) with regard to treatment retention, craving, cognitive functioning, psychosocial resources, personality traits, depression, and other psychiatric symptoms. Instruments used were Raven’s IQ test, Mannheimer craving scale, cognitrone cognitive test battery, NEO personality factors inventory, Hamilton depression scale, Becks depression inventory, and a symptom checklist. The statistical methods used were χ2-test, t-test and multiple mixed ANOVAs.
RESULTS A total drop-out rate of 40% (methamphetamine-group: 36.4%; OS-group: 43.6%) was observed without significant differences between groups. At baseline, methamphetamine-group subjects significantly differed from OS-group individuals in terms of a lower intelligence quotient, fewer years of education, slower working speed, and decreased working accuracy, as well as less cannabinoid and cocaine use. Methamphetamine-group subjects further showed a significantly lower score of conscientiousness, depressive, and psychiatric symptoms than subjects from the OS-group. In both groups, a reduction of craving and depressive symptoms and an improvement of working speed and working accuracy was noted after treatment.
CONCLUSION There are differences between methamphetamine users and users of other drugs, but not with regard to the effectiveness of treatment in this inpatient setting. There are differences in cognitive function and psychopathology between methamphetamine and other drugs users. The existing treatment options seem to be an effective approach in treating methamphetamine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Behle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Felicia Kamp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Lisa Proebstl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Laura Hager
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Krause
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Kirsi Manz
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenter Franke
- University of Applied Labour Studies of the Federal Employment Agency, Mannheim 68163, Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Michael Soyka
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80336, Germany
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Psychosocial Needs of the Parents With Teenagers on Drugs: A Qualitative Study. J Addict Nurs 2021; 32:52-58. [PMID: 33646719 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dependence on drugs causes several problems for the individual, family, and society. Such problems are more evident in teenagers and deeply affect the parents. Perceiving these parents' problems and needs is a way to help them with such problems and enable them to provide more support to their children. This study is an attempt to elaborate on the psychological needs of the parents with adolescents who use drugs. METHODS The participants were 19 parents with an adolescent with drug use disorder who were selected purposefully. In-depth and semistructured interviews were conducted face-to-face with the participants. All the interviews were recorded and analyzed by conventional content analysis. Guba and Lincoln's four measures of trustworthiness were observed throughout the study. RESULTS Analyses of the interviews revealed three themes, seven categories, and 17 subcategories. The themes were receiving support, need for self-confidence, and need for welfare. CONCLUSION For different reasons, parents of adolescents who use drugs find it incumbent upon themselves to support and treat their adolescents. Given the many problems, these parents need a variety of social, educational, emotional, interpersonal, and financial supports.
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Khalighi E, Ghiasi G, Karimi E, Borji M, Salimi E, Tarjoman A, Solaimanizadeh L. Assessment of Mental Health Elderly with Chronic Pain Based on Quranic Components. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:2807-2818. [PMID: 31493215 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Considering the presence of mental disorders during illness or old age, it is necessary to pay attention to the mental health of the elderly. A modeling of the God's attributes means that one understands God's perception of his/her existential poverty; and on the other hand, one endeavors to work in the human domain in order to replicate and utilize the names and attributes of God the Almighty. For this reason, this study aims to determine the mental health (MH) assessment of elderly people with chronic pain (CP) based on Quranic components. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 138 elderly people who are aged over 65 years and had history of CP were enrolled. Data were collected using Islamic Questionnaire of Identifying God's Traits in the same, and analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 16. The mean (SD) of age in elderly is 81.00 (12.07), and as the age increased, the God's Traits score of the elderly increased (p = 0.003, R = 0.34). The mean overall God's Traits score was 234.68 (3.61). In the elderly who lived with their spouse and had higher social support, the score of God's Traits was higher (p > 0.05), but there was no relationship between other demographic characteristics and status of God's Traits (p > 0.05). This study is the first study to evaluate the MH status of chronic patients based on Quranic components, and their MH status has been high. It is suggested that the relationship between MH based on Quranic components and variables related to health be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Khalighi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medicine Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ghiasi
- Islamic Education School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ehsan Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Milad Borji
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ebrahim Salimi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Asma Tarjoman
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Laleh Solaimanizadeh
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Bam University of Medical Science, Bam, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Shahrabadi S, Jalali A, Jalali R, Gholami A. Psychological, social, and motivational factors in persons who use drugs. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020; 15:32. [PMID: 32349773 PMCID: PMC7189680 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons who use drug need family and society's support in the process of treatment and rehabilitation. Therefore, it is imperative to determine the psychological, social, and motivational factors that can help them in the treatment process. The present study was an attempt to determine the relationship between psychological, social, and motivational factors and the demographics of persons who use drugs (PWUD). METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out. TCU psychological functioning and motivation scales for the PWUD was first translated into Farsi and validated after securing permission from the copyright holder of the tool. Participants were 250 PWUDs under methadone therapy who were selected through convenient sampling. Before analyzing the collected data, validity and reliability of the tool were confirmed using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. Given the scale of demographical data, descriptive and analytic statistics were used to analyze the relationship between demographical variables and psychological, social, and motivational factors. RESULTS The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that out of 83 statements in the original questionnaire, 55 statements categorized into 11 aspects were usable for Iranian population. The results showed that gender, income, and marital status affect psychological functioning of the PWUD (P < 0.05). However, education level, place of residence, and type of drug and consumption did not have a significant relationship with social functioning of the participants (p > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between age, number of children, and history of using drug and psychological functioning of the participants (P < 0.01). The results showed that the demographics did not have a notable effect on the participants' motivation for treatment; only marital status had a significant relationship with the participants' treatment readiness (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION As the results showed, the demographical variables could affect physical, psychological, and social functioning in the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Shahrabadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Iran Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amir Jalali
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Rostam Jalali
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Department Anesthesiology, Clinical Development Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Vasigh A, Tarjoman A, Borji M. Relationship Between Spiritual Health and Pain Self-Efficacy in patients with Chronic Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study in West of Iran. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:1115-1125. [PMID: 31087227 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the prevalence of chronic diseases has had a growing trend, which has resulted in many health problems. Level of belief in God is effective on people's attitudes to life concepts, social deviations and psychological disorders, and improves them. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between spiritual health (SH) and pain self-efficacy (PSE) in Ilam City in 2018. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study in the group of patients with chronic pain (CP). In this study, the study population was patients with CP in Ilam City and the study sample was 150 patients with CP referring to public and private health centers in Ilam, which had all the criteria for participation in the study. The findings showed mean (SD) of the total score of SH variables was 65.16 (9.88), and PSE was 34.48 (4.08). According to Pearson statistical analysis, there is a significant relationship between SH and PSE (r = 0.442, P = 0.000). Also, the standard beta and non-standard beta coefficients for SH variables in PSE show that the non-standard beta coefficient in SH is equal to 0.183. The results of this study showed that SH is a predictor of pain acceptance, so that patients who were more religious were more likely to tolerate CP. For this reason, it is suggested that religious interventions be performed to reduce pain in patients with CP, in order to provide the necessary context for pain reduction in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminollah Vasigh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Asma Tarjoman
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Milad Borji
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
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