Synthesis & Antifungal Screening of Novel Azetidin-2-ones

Co-Sn-Cu oxides/graphene nanocomposites as green catalysts for preparing 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes and apoptosis-inducing agents in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

In this work, Co-Sn-Cu oxides/graphene nanocomposite, 30-40 ± 0.5 nm in size, was synthesized by solid-state microwave irradiation. This method presents several advantages such as operational simplicity, fast, low cost, safe and energy efficient, and suitability for production of high purity of nanoparticles. Other advantages of this method are there is no need for the use of solvent, fuel, and surfactant. Co-Sn-Cu oxides/graphene nanocomposites have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The synthesized nanocomposites were used as novel highly efficient catalysts for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes at room temperature. The catalysts are recoverable and can be reused for six runs without loss of their activity. Also, the obtained nanocomposites exhibited significant anticancer activity against breast cancer cells and they could induce apoptosis in cancer cells.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted phenyl azetidine-2-one sulphonyl derivatives as potential antimicrobial and antiviral agents

In the present study, we intend to synthesize a series of novel substituted phenyl azetidine-2-one sulphonyl derivatives. The entire set of derivatives 5 (a-t) were screened for in-vitro antibacterial, and antifungal activity, and among them eleven compounds were further screened for the antiviral activity to predict their efficacy against pathogenic viruses. Interestingly, compound 5d, 5e, 5f, 5h, 5i, and 5j showed similar or better antibacterial activity as compared to ampicillin (standard). Moreover, compounds 5h, 5i, 5j, and 5q showed good inhibitory activity against fungal strains whereas other derivatives had mild or diminished activity in comparison with standard drug clotrimazole. The antimicrobial study indicated that compounds having electron-withdrawing groups showed the highest activity. Interestingly, these tested compounds showed weak antiviral activity against Vaccinia virus, Human Coronavirus (229E), Reovirus-1, Herpes simplex virus, Sindbis virus, Coxsackievirus B4, Yellow Fever virus, and Influenza B virus in HEL cell, Vero cell, and MDCK cell cultures. The findings of the present study might open new avenues to target human disease-causing deadly microbes and viruses.

Biological Evaluation of Azetidine-2-One Derivatives of Ferulic Acid as Promising Anti-Inflammatory Agents

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo biological potential of new azetidine-2-one derivatives of ferulic acid (6a–f). First, the in vivo acute toxicity of azetidine-2-one derivatives of ferulic acid on Swiss white mice was investigated and, based on the obtained results, it can be stated that the studied derivatives belong to compounds with moderate toxicity. The in vivo anti-inflammatory potential of these derivatives was determined in a model of acute inflammation induced by carrageenan in rats and in a chronic inflammation model induced in rats using the granuloma test. In the acute inflammation model, all the studied compounds had a maximum anti-inflammatory effect 24 h after administration, which suggests that these compounds may be classified, from a pharmacokinetic point of view, in the category of long-acting compounds. The most active compound in the series was found to be compound 6b. In the case of the chronic inflammation model, it was observed that the studied compounds (6a–f) reduced the formation of granulation tissue compared to the control group, having an intense effect of inhibiting the proliferative component. The most important inhibitory effect of inhibiting the proliferative component was recorded for compound 6b. Additionally, the investigation of liver function was performed by determining the serum levels of liver enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and bilirubin (total and direct). The results showed that, in the series of azetidin-2-one derivatives, the liver enzymes concentration values were close to those recorded for the reference anti-inflammatories (diclofenac sodium and indomethacin) and slightly higher compared to the values for the healthy control group. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and fragments of liver, lung, and kidney tissue were taken from all groups in the study. These were processed for histopathological examination, and we noticed no major changes in the groups treated with the azetidine 2-one derivatives of ferulic acid compared to the healthy groups.

Monocyclic β-Lactam: A Review on Synthesis and Potential Biological Activities of a Multitarget Core

A monocyclic ring in their structure characterizes monobactams, a subclass of β-lactam antibiotics. Many of these compounds have a bactericidal mechanism of action and acts as penicillin and cephalosporins, interfering with bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. The synthesis of novel β-lactams is an emerging area of organic synthesis research due to the problem of increasing bacterial resistance to existing β -lactam antibiotics, and, in this way, new compounds have been presented with several structural modifications, aiming to improve biological activities. Among the biological activities studied, the most outstanding are antibacterial, antitubercular, anticholesterolemic, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antiviral, and anti-enzymatic, among others. This review explores the vast number of works related to monocyclic β-lactams, compounds of great importance in scientific research.