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Bakhtiary Z, Saei AA, Hajipour MJ, Raoufi M, Vermesh O, Mahmoudi M. Targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for early detection of cancer: Possibilities and challenges. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:287-307. [PMID: 26707817 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nanomedicine, the integration of nanotechnological tools in medicine demonstrated promising potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of various human health conditions. Nanoparticles (NPs) have shown much promise in diagnostics of cancer, especially since they can accommodate targeting molecules on their surface, which search for specific tumor cell receptors upon injection into the blood stream. This concentrates the NPs in the desired tumor location. Furthermore, such receptor-specific targeting may be exploited for detection of potential metastases in an early stage. Some NPs, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), are also compatible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which makes their clinical translation and application rather easy and accessible for tumor imaging purposes. Furthermore, multifunctional and/or theranostic NPs can be used for simultaneous imaging of cancer and drug delivery. In this review article, we will specifically focus on the application of SPIONs in early detection and imaging of major cancer types. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been reported by many to be useful as an MRI contrast agent in the detection of tumors. To further enhance the tumor imaging, SPIONs can be coupled with tumor targeting motifs. In this article, the authors performed a comprehensive review on the current status of using targeted SPIONS in tumor detection and also the potential hurdles to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bakhtiary
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ata Saei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad J Hajipour
- Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Nanotechnology & Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ophir Vermesh
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Geffre CP, Pond E, Pond GD, Sroka IC, Gard JM, Skovan BA, Meek WE, Landowski TH, Nagle RB, Cress AE. Combined micro CT and histopathology for evaluation of skeletal metastasis in live animals. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:348-355. [PMID: 25901201 PMCID: PMC4399097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a favored site for solid tumor metastasis, especially among patients with breast, lung or prostate carcinomas. Micro CT is a powerful and inexpensive tool that can be used to investigate tumor progression in xenograft models of human disease. Many previous studies have relied on terminal analysis of harvested bones to document metastatic tumor activity. The current protocol uses live animals and combines sequential micro CT evaluation of lesion development with matched histopathology at the end of the study. The approach allows for both rapid detection and evaluation of bone lesion progression in live animals. Bone resident tumors are established either by direct (intraosseous) or arterial (intracardiac) injection, and lesion development is evaluated for up to eight weeks. This protocol provides a clinically relevant method for investigating bone metastasis progression and the development of osteotropic therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Geffre
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Erika Pond
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Gerald D Pond
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Isis C Sroka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jaime M Gard
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | | | - William E Meek
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Terry H Landowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Raymond B Nagle
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Anne E Cress
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Landowski TH, Gard J, Pond E, Pond GD, Nagle RB, Geffre CP, Cress AE. Targeting integrin α6 stimulates curative-type bone metastasis lesions in a xenograft model. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1558-66. [PMID: 24739392 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Laminin-binding integrin receptors are key mediators of epithelial cell migration and tumor metastasis. Recent studies have demonstrated a role for the α6 integrin (ITGA6/CD49f) in maintaining stem cell compartments within normal bone marrow and in residency of tumors metastatic to bone. In this study, we tested a function-blocking antibody specific for ITGA6, called J8H, to determine if preexisting cancer lesions in bone could be slowed and/or animal survival improved. Human prostate tumors were established by intracardiac injection into male SCID mice and treatment with J8H antibody was initiated after 1 week. Tumor progression was monitored by micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging of skeletal lesions. Animals that received weekly injections of the anti-ITGA6 antibody showed radiographic progression in only 40% of osseous tumors (femur or tibia), compared with control animals, where 80% of the lesions (femur or tibia) showed progression at 5 weeks. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significant survival advantage for J8H-treated animals. Unexpectedly, CT image analysis revealed an increased proportion of bone lesions displaying a sclerotic rim of new bone formation, encapsulating the arrested lytic lesions in animals that received the anti-ITGA6 antibody treatment. Histopathology of the sclerotic lesions demonstrated well-circumscribed tumor within bone, surrounded by fibrosis. These data suggest that systemic targeting of the ITGA6-dependent function of established tumors in bone may offer a noncytotoxic approach to arrest the osteolytic progression of metastatic prostate cancer, thereby providing a new therapeutic strategy for advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry H Landowski
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Arizona Cancer Center; Departments of Medicine, Medical Imaging, Pathology, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, ArizonaAuthors' Affiliations: University of Arizona Cancer Center; Departments of Medicine, Medical Imaging, Pathology, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jaime Gard
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Arizona Cancer Center; Departments of Medicine, Medical Imaging, Pathology, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Erika Pond
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Arizona Cancer Center; Departments of Medicine, Medical Imaging, Pathology, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Gerald D Pond
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Arizona Cancer Center; Departments of Medicine, Medical Imaging, Pathology, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Raymond B Nagle
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Arizona Cancer Center; Departments of Medicine, Medical Imaging, Pathology, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, ArizonaAuthors' Affiliations: University of Arizona Cancer Center; Departments of Medicine, Medical Imaging, Pathology, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christopher P Geffre
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Arizona Cancer Center; Departments of Medicine, Medical Imaging, Pathology, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Anne E Cress
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Arizona Cancer Center; Departments of Medicine, Medical Imaging, Pathology, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, ArizonaAuthors' Affiliations: University of Arizona Cancer Center; Departments of Medicine, Medical Imaging, Pathology, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
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Bliss KT, Chu M, Jones-Weinert CM, Gregorio CC. Investigating lasp-2 in cell adhesion: new binding partners and roles in motility. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:995-1006. [PMID: 23389630 PMCID: PMC3608507 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-10-0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are intricate protein complexes that facilitate cell attachment, migration, and cellular communication. Lasp-2 (LIM-nebulette), a member of the nebulin family of actin-binding proteins, is a newly identified component of these complexes. To gain further insights into the functional role of lasp-2, we identified two additional binding partners of lasp-2: the integral focal adhesion proteins vinculin and paxillin. Of interest, the interaction of lasp-2 with its binding partners vinculin and paxillin is significantly reduced in the presence of lasp-1, another nebulin family member. The presence of lasp-2 appears to enhance the interaction of vinculin and paxillin with each other; however, as with the interaction of lasp-2 with vinculin or paxillin, this effect is greatly diminished in the presence of excess lasp-1. This suggests that the interplay between lasp-2 and lasp-1 could be an adhesion regulatory mechanism. Lasp-2's potential role in metastasis is revealed, as overexpression of lasp-2 in either SW620 or PC-3B1 cells-metastatic cancer cell lines-increases cell migration but impedes cell invasion, suggesting that the enhanced interaction of vinculin and paxillin may functionally destabilize focal adhesion composition. Taken together, these data suggest that lasp-2 has an important role in coordinating and regulating the composition and dynamics of focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Bliss
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Sroka IC, Anderson TA, McDaniel KM, Nagle RB, Gretzer MB, Cress AE. The laminin binding integrin alpha6beta1 in prostate cancer perineural invasion. J Cell Physiol 2010; 224:283-8. [PMID: 20432448 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastasizing prostate tumor cells invade along nerves innervating the encapsulated human prostate gland in a process known as perineural invasion. The extracellular matrix laminin class of proteins line the neural route and tumor cells escaping from the gland express the laminin binding integrin alpha6beta1 as a prominent cell surface receptor. Integrin alpha6beta1 promotes aggressive disease and supports prostate tumor cell metastasis to bone. Laminins and their integrin receptors are necessary for the development and maintenance of the peripheral nervous system, indicating the potential role for integrin receptors in directing prostate tumor cell invasion on nerves during perineural invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis C Sroka
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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