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Sadasivam R, Packirisamy G, Shakya S, Goswami M. Non-invasive multimodal imaging of Diabetic Retinopathy: A survey on treatment methods and Nanotheranostics. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:166-181. [PMID: 33564616 PMCID: PMC7868006 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.56015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prominent microvascular complications of diabetes. It is one of the pre-eminent causes for vision impairment followed by blindness among the working-age population worldwide. The de facto cause for DR remains challenging, despite several efforts made to unveil the mechanism underlying the pathology of DR. There is quite less availability of the low cost pre-emptive theranostic imaging tools in terms of in-depth resolution, due to the multiple factors involved in the etiology of DR. This review work comprehensively explores the various reports and research works on all perspectives of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and its mechanism. It also discusses various advanced non-destructive imaging modalities, current, and future treatment approaches. Further, the application of various nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies used for the treatment of DR are also discussed. In a nutshell, the present review work bolsters the pursuit of the development of an advanced non-invasive optical imaging modal with a nano-theranostic approach for the future diagnosis and treatment of DR and its associated ocular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Sadasivam
- Divyadrishti Imaging Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
| | - Snehlata Shakya
- Department of clinical physiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Mayank Goswami
- Divyadrishti Imaging Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
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The Monocle Sign in FDG-PET: A Sign of Contralateral Facial Nerve Palsy. Clin Nucl Med 2019; 45:e94-e95. [PMID: 31693602 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000002787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report three cases of unilateral F-FDG uptake in the orbicularis oculi muscle in subjects with contralateral peripheral facial nerve palsy. We argue that this asymmetric uptake pattern in fact reflects lack of metabolism on the side affected by facial nerve palsy, owing to denervation. Since the unilateral periorbital uptake resembles a monocle, we chose to call this finding the monocle sign. The monocle sign should not be confused with inflammation or tumor, but should prompt a neurological assessment for facial nerve palsy and a potential underlying disease.
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Goswami M, Wang X, Zhang P, Xiao W, Karlen SJ, Li Y, Zawadzki RJ, Burns ME, Lam KS, Pugh EN. Novel window for cancer nanotheranostics: non-invasive ocular assessments of tumor growth and nanotherapeutic treatment efficacy in vivo. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:151-166. [PMID: 30775090 PMCID: PMC6363190 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In cancer research there is a fundamental need for animal models that allow the in vivo longitudinal visualization and quantification of tumor development, nanotherapeutic delivery, the tumor microenvironment including blood vessels, macrophages, fibroblasts, immune cells, and extracellular matrix, and the tissue response to treatment. To address this need, we developed a novel mouse ocular xenograft model. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing human glioblastoma cells (between 500 and 10,000) were implanted into the subretinal space of immunodeficient mice (56 eyes). The resultant xenografts were imaged in vivo non-invasively with combined fluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) for a period up to several months. Most xenografts exhibited a latent phase followed by a stable or rapidly increasing volume, but about 1/3 underwent spontaneous remission. After prescribed growth, a population of tumors was treated with intravenously delivered doxorubicin-containing porphyrin and cholic acid-based nanoparticles ("nanodox"). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) emission (doxorubicin → porphyrin) was used to localize nanodox in the xenografts, and 690 nm light exposure to activate it. Such photo-nanotherapy was highly effective in reducing tumor volume. Histopathology and flow cytometry revealed CD4 + and CD8 + immune cell infiltration of xenografts. Overall, the ocular model shows potential for examining the relationships between neoplastic growth, neovascularization and other features of the immune microenvironment, and for evaluating treatment response longitudinally in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Goswami
- EyePod Small Animal Ocular Imaging Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Currently with Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- EyePod Small Animal Ocular Imaging Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wenwu Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sarah J Karlen
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Robert J Zawadzki
- EyePod Small Animal Ocular Imaging Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Vision Science and Advanced Retinal Imaging Laboratory (VSRI) Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marie E Burns
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Edward N Pugh
- EyePod Small Animal Ocular Imaging Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Purohit BS, Vargas MI, Ailianou A, Merlini L, Poletti PA, Platon A, Delattre BM, Rager O, Burkhardt K, Becker M. Orbital tumours and tumour-like lesions: exploring the armamentarium of multiparametric imaging. Insights Imaging 2016; 7:43-68. [PMID: 26518678 PMCID: PMC4729705 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-015-0443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the orbit is a small anatomical space, the wide range of structures present within it are often the site of origin of various tumours and tumour-like conditions, both in adults and children. Cross-sectional imaging is mandatory for the detection, characterization, and mapping of these lesions. This review focuses on multiparametric imaging of orbital tumours. Each tumour is reviewed in relation to its clinical presentation, compartmental location, imaging characteristics, and its histological features. We herein describe orbital tumours as lesions of the globe (retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma), optic nerve sheath complex (meningioma, optic nerve glioma), conal-intraconal compartment (hemangioma), extraconal compartment (dermoid/epidermoid, lacrimal gland tumours, lymphoma, rhabdomysarcoma), and bone and sinus compartment (fibrous dysplasia). Lesions without any typical compartmental localization and those with multi-compartment involvement (veno-lymphatic malformation, plexiform neurofibroma, idiopathic orbital pseudotumour, IgG4 related disease, metastases) are also reviewed. We discuss the role of advanced imaging techniques, such as MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging, fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography CT (FDG-PET CT), and positron emission tomography MRI (MRI PET) as problem-solving tools in the evaluation of those orbital masses that present with non-specific morphologic imaging findings. Main messages/Teaching points • A compartment-based approach is essential for the diagnosis of orbital tumours. • CT and MRI play a key role in the work-up of orbital tumours. • DWI, PET CT, and MRI PET are complementary tools to solve diagnostic dilemmas. • Awareness of salient imaging pearls and diagnostic pitfalls avoids interpretation errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela S Purohit
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Rue, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Maria Isabel Vargas
- Department of Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Rue, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Angeliki Ailianou
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Rue, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Laura Merlini
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Rue, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Poletti
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Rue, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Platon
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Rue, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte M Delattre
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Rue, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Rager
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Rue, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Karim Burkhardt
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Rue, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Minerva Becker
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Rue, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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Raslan OA, Muzaffar R, Shetty V, Osman MM. Image findings of cranial nerve pathology on [18F]-2- deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography with computerized tomography (PET/CT): a pictorial essay. Cancer Imaging 2015; 15:20. [PMID: 26634826 PMCID: PMC4668699 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-015-0054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to increase awareness about the utility of (18)F -FDG-PET/CT in the evaluation of cranial nerve (CN) pathology. We discuss the clinical implication of detecting perineural tumor spread, emphasize the primary and secondary (18)F -FDG-PET/CT findings of CN pathology, and illustrate the individual (18)F -FDG-PET/CT CN anatomy and pathology of 11 of the 12 CNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Raslan
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, St Louis University, 3635 Vista Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Razi Muzaffar
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, St Louis University, 3635 Vista Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Vilaas Shetty
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, St Louis University, 3635 Vista Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Medhat M Osman
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, St Louis University, 3635 Vista Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Utility of 18F-FDG PET with a semi-quantitative index in the detection of sarcomatous transformation in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85954. [PMID: 24516522 PMCID: PMC3916322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are a serious complications of neurofibromatosis type 1 associated with poor prognosis and deeper lesions can be difficult to diagnose. 18-FDG PET improves the detection of malignancies. However, the criteria for malignancy, notably the SUVmax threshold, are not standardized. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate a semi-quantitative index for the reproducible detection of MPNST with FDG PET. Methods It is a multicenter retrospective study conducted between 2000 to 2012. All patients with NF1 referred for suspected MPNST underwent PET. Since SUVmax was not available until 2004 in our centers, we had to settle for the semi-quantitative method used at that time, the uptake ratio between the tumor and the normal liver (T/L ratio) with 1.5 as the cut-off for malignancy. When dedicated PET with SUVmax became available, the semi-quantitative analysis of PET images remained, along with SUVmax. Results 113 patients with 145 tumors were included. PET assessment revealed 65 suspected lesions with T/L >1.5 and among these, 40 were MPNSTs. 80 tumors were classified as non-suspicious, and 79 were benign. The 1.5 T/L cut-off had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98,8% and a positive predictive value of 61,5%. The positive likelihood ratio (LR) was 4,059, the negative LR was 0,032 with 97% sensitivity and 76% specificity. Conclusions This study, which is among the largest published, confirms the utility of PET for detecting NF1-associated MPNSTs. A semi-quantitative index, the T/L ratio with a cut-off of 1.5, allowed sensitive and specific differentiation of malignant from benign tumors better than SUVmax. When T/L was <1.5, MPNSTs were ruled out with 98,8% NPV. When T/L was >1.5, there was a strong suspicion of malignancy. This semi-quantitative analytical method is as simple as SUVmax, but is more sensitive, more reproducible and non-user-dependent.
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Zanni M, Moulin-Romsee G, Servois V, Validire P, Bénamor M, Plancher C, Rouic LLL, Dendale R, Vincent-Salomon A, Asselain B, Sahli R, Decaudin D. Value of18FDG PET scan in staging of ocular adnexal lymphomas: a large single-center experience. Hematology 2013; 17:76-84. [DOI: 10.1179/102453312x13221316477813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zanni
- Department of Clinical HematologyInstitut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Myriam Bénamor
- Department of Nuclear MedicineInstitut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Rémi Dendale
- Department of Radiation OncologyInstitut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Rafika Sahli
- Department of Clinical HematologyInstitut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Didier Decaudin
- Department of Clinical HematologyInstitut Curie, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Preclinical InvestigationTranslational Research Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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Kralik SF, Kersten R, Glastonbury CM. Evaluation of orbital disorders and cranial nerve innervation of the extraocular muscles. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2012; 20:413-34. [PMID: 22877949 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of orbital disorders, including an orbital mass, infection, inflammation, systemic disease, or intracranial lesions, may be encountered with imaging. Evaluation of orbital disorders requires the combination of accurate and relevant clinical information with an understanding of anatomy and pathologic processes. An imaging approach to an orbital differential diagnosis includes assessment for alteration of a normal orbital structure, a lesion that does not belong in the orbit, or alteration of the orbit from bone or periorbital disorders. This approach, combined with key elements of clinical history, leads to a narrower differential diagnosis and improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Kralik
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Barnhill Drive, Room 1053, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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