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Carrau T, Thümecke S, Silva LMR, Perez-Bravo D, Gärtner U, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Vilcinskas A, Lee KZ. The Cellular Innate Immune Response of the Invasive Pest Insect Drosophila suzukii against Pseudomonas entomophila Involves the Release of Extracellular Traps. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123320. [PMID: 34943828 PMCID: PMC8699444 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii is a neobiotic invasive pest that causes extensive damage to fruit crops worldwide. The biological control of this species has been unsuccessful thus far, in part because of its robust cellular innate immune system, including the activity of professional phagocytes known as hemocytes and plasmatocytes. The in vitro cultivation of primary hemocytes isolated from D. suzukii third-instar larvae is a valuable tool for the investigation of hemocyte-derived effector mechanisms against pathogens such as wasp parasitoid larvae, bacteria, fungi and viruses. Here, we describe the morphological characteristics of D. suzukii hemocytes and evaluate early innate immune responses, including extracellular traps released against the entomopathogen Pseudomonas entomophila and lipopolysaccharides. We show for the first time that D. suzukii plasmatocytes cast extracellular traps to combat P. entomophila, along with other cell-mediated reactions, such as phagocytosis and the formation of filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Carrau
- Department Pests and Vector Insect Control, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, D-35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Susanne Thümecke
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Liliana M. R. Silva
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University, Schubert Strasse 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.T.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.R.S.); (K.-Z.L.)
| | - David Perez-Bravo
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 123, D-35394 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University, Schubert Strasse 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University, Schubert Strasse 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department Pests and Vector Insect Control, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, D-35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.C.); (A.V.)
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Kwang-Zin Lee
- Department Pests and Vector Insect Control, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, D-35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.C.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.R.S.); (K.-Z.L.)
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Zhang J, Tracy C, Pasare C, Zeng J, Krämer H. Hypersensitivity of Vps33B mutant flies to non-pathogenic infections is dictated by aberrant activation of p38b MAP kinase. Traffic 2020; 21:578-589. [PMID: 32677257 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis (ARC) syndrome-linked Vps33B protein results in exaggerated inflammatory responses upon activation of receptors of the innate immune system in both vertebrates and flies. However, little is known about the signaling elements downstream of these receptors that are critical for the hypersensitivity of Vps33B mutants. Here, we show that p38b MAP kinase contributes to the enhanced inflammatory responses in flies lacking Vps33B. Loss of p38b mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) reduces enhanced inflammatory responses and prolongs the survival of infected Vps33B deficient flies. The function of p38 MAPK is not limited to its proinflammatory effects downstream of the PGRP-LC receptor as p38 also modulates endosomal trafficking of PGRP-LC and phagocytosis of bacteria. Expression of constitutively active p38b MAPK, but not dominant negative p38b MAPK enhances accumulation of endocytosed PGRP-LC receptors or phagocytosed bacteria within cells. Moreover, p38 MAPK is required for induction of macropinocytosis, an alternate pathway for the downregulation of immune receptors. Together, our data indicate that p38 MAPK activates multiple pathways that can contribute to the dysregulation of innate immune signaling in ARC syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charles Tracy
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jinsheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Helmut Krämer
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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