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Hu-Lieskovan S, Bhaumik S, Dhodapkar K, Grivel JCJB, Gupta S, Hanks BA, Janetzki S, Kleen TO, Koguchi Y, Lund AW, Maccalli C, Mahnke YD, Novosiadly RD, Selvan SR, Sims T, Zhao Y, Maecker HT. SITC cancer immunotherapy resource document: a compass in the land of biomarker discovery. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000705. [PMID: 33268350 PMCID: PMC7713206 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the publication of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer's (SITC) original cancer immunotherapy biomarkers resource document, there have been remarkable breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, in particular the development and approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors, engineered cellular therapies, and tumor vaccines to unleash antitumor immune activity. The most notable feature of these breakthroughs is the achievement of durable clinical responses in some patients, enabling long-term survival. These durable responses have been noted in tumor types that were not previously considered immunotherapy-sensitive, suggesting that all patients with cancer may have the potential to benefit from immunotherapy. However, a persistent challenge in the field is the fact that only a minority of patients respond to immunotherapy, especially those therapies that rely on endogenous immune activation such as checkpoint inhibitors and vaccination due to the complex and heterogeneous immune escape mechanisms which can develop in each patient. Therefore, the development of robust biomarkers for each immunotherapy strategy, enabling rational patient selection and the design of precise combination therapies, is key for the continued success and improvement of immunotherapy. In this document, we summarize and update established biomarkers, guidelines, and regulatory considerations for clinical immune biomarker development, discuss well-known and novel technologies for biomarker discovery and validation, and provide tools and resources that can be used by the biomarker research community to facilitate the continued development of immuno-oncology and aid in the goal of durable responses in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Kavita Dhodapkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Sumati Gupta
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brent A Hanks
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Yoshinobu Koguchi
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tasha Sims
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
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