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Dulek D, Thomsen I. Infectious Triggers of Cytokine Storm Syndromes: Herpes Virus Family (Non-EBV). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1448:211-225. [PMID: 39117817 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-59815-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The herpesviruses are the most common infectious agents associated with both primary and secondary cytokine storm syndromes (CSS). While Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is most frequently reported in association with CSS, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and many other herpesviruses (e.g., herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and human herpesviruses 6 and 8) are clearly associated with CSS in children and adults. Immunocompromised hosts, whether due to primary immunodeficiency or secondary immune compromise (e.g., solid organ or stem cell transplantation), appear to be at particularly increased risk of herpesvirus-associated CSS. In this chapter, the association of the non-EBV herpesviruses with CSS will be discussed, including predisposing factors and treatment considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dulek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Isaac Thomsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Reis AD, Mudinutti C, de Freitas Peigo M, Leon LL, Costallat LTL, Rossi CL, Costa SCB, Bonon SHA. Active human herpesvirus infections in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus and correlation with the SLEDAI score. Adv Rheumatol 2020; 60:42. [PMID: 32831149 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-020-00144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human herpesviruses (HHVs) are responsible for a significant number of clinical manifestations in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of active HHV infections in SLE patients and correlating them with disease activity. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 71 SLE patients and their DNAs were extracted and analyzed to detect HHV-DNA viruses using the nucleic acid amplification technique. RESULTS Fifteen out of the 71 (21.1%) patients tested positive for the HHV-DNA virus. Of them, 11/15 HHV-DNA-positive patients (73.3%) had SLE activity index (SLEDAI - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index) ≥8 (p = 0.0001). Active HCMV infection was the mostly frequently observed infection, occurring in 6/15 patients (40%). The frequencies of other active viral infections were 22% for HSV-1, 16.7% for HHV-7, and 5.5% for HSV-2. Viral coinfection (two or more viruses detected in the same sample) occurred in three patients (16.7%). Active HHV infections in SLE patients are more frequent in those with active SLE (≥8), who is at high risk of HHV reactivation and HCMV disease. CONCLUSION Viral surveillance is important to identify active HHV infections that can cause clinical symptoms and other complication in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Domingos Reis
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, SP, 13.083-887, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Mudinutti
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, SP, 13.083-887, Brazil
| | - Murilo de Freitas Peigo
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, SP, 13.083-887, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lopes Leon
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, SP, 13.083-887, Brazil
| | - Lilian Tereza Lavras Costallat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Rheumatology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Lucio Rossi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Cecília Botelho Costa
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, SP, 13.083-887, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Alves Bonon
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, SP, 13.083-887, Brazil.
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