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Alshahrani AS, Alelyani AA, Al Ageel Albeaji SM, AlHarith D, Al Malwi AAA, Aldhbaan AA, Alshehri KSJ, Bakri AE, Sahli AAA, Alaajam WH, Al Moaleem MM. A Comparative Analysis of the Quality of Root Canal Fillings of In Vivo Studies Conducted in Saudi Arabia and Worldwide: A Systematic Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2024; 16:323-336. [PMID: 39291238 PMCID: PMC11407322 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s479321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Root canal treatment (RCT) is a common procedure practiced daily by dentists worldwide. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate and compare clinical studies on the quality of root canal fillings (RCFs) carried out by dentists with different levels of experience conducted worldwide with those conducted specifically in Saudi Arabia (SA). Materials and Methods A full literature search was conducted in Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Elsevier's Scopus, Embase, CINHAL, and PubMed, without a restriction to studies published before January 2015. Also, a manual search was carried out by checking papers that may have been missed during the electronic search. The following keywords were used: [(quality of root canal filling(s)) OR (quality of root canal obturation)) and dental practitioners as (general dental practitioners; final year students; endodontist; specialist) AND (root canal obturation) OR (endodontic treatment)]. Parameters of the quality of RCFs, such as length, density, and taper, were assessed and counted. Results A total of 13 worldwide and nine SA studies were included in this review, published between 2015 and 2023. Molars were the most treated teeth, at 42.3% and 40.2% for the worldwide and SA studies, respectively. Cases treated by final year students had the highest percentage, at 60.0% for both study groups. The percentages of acceptable quality, with regard to the length, density, and taper of RCFs, were 70.9%, 77.6%, and 84.3%, and 73.2%, 64.6%, and 67.8% for the worldwide and SA studies, respectively. Conclusion The overall acceptable quality of RCFs was marginally higher in worldwide studies than in SA studies. Both prevalences can be considered as good, which indicates that the quality of RCFs is moving in the right direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmajeed Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ali Alelyani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dalia AlHarith
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah A Al Malwi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Abdullah Aldhbaan
- Consultant of Endodontic, Endodontic Department, Aseer Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Saleh J Alshehri
- Consultant of Endodontic, Endodontic Department, Khamis Mushait Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Aseer, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alwaleed Essam Bakri
- General Practitioner, Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Ali Sahli
- General Practitioner, Al-Kharish Primary Health Care Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Hassan Alaajam
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mohammed M Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Jurado CA, Davila CE, Davila A, Hernandez AI, Odagiri Y, Afrashtehfar KI, Lee D. Influence of occlusal thickness on the fracture resistance of chairside milled lithium disilicate posterior full-coverage single-unit prostheses containing virgilite: A comparative in vitro study. J Prosthodont 2024. [PMID: 38790151 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the fracture resistance of chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) lithium disilicate mandibular posterior crowns with virgilite of different occlusal thicknesses and compare them to traditional lithium disilicate crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five chairside CAD-CAM crowns were fabricated for mandibular right first molars, 60 from novel lithium disilicate with virgilite (CEREC Tessera, Dentsply Sirona), and 15 from traditional lithium disilicate (e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent). These crowns were distributed across five groups based on occlusal thickness and material: Group 1 featured CEREC Tessera crowns with 0.8 mm thickness, Group 2 had 1.0 mm thickness, Group 3 had 1.2 mm thickness, Group 4 with 1.5 mm thickness, and Group 5 included e.max CAD crowns with 1.0 mm thickness. These crowns were luted onto 3D-printed resin dies using Multilink Automix resin cement (Ivoclar Vivadent). Subsequently, they underwent cyclic loading (2,000,000 cycles at 1 Hz with a 275 N force) and loading until fracture. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessed the fractured specimens. Statistical analysis involved one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis Test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Fracture resistance varied significantly (<0.001) across mandibular molar crowns fabricated from chairside CAD-CAM lithium disilicate containing virgilite, particularly between crowns with 0.8 mm and those with 1.2 and 1.5 mm occlusal thickness. However, no significant differences were found when comparing crowns with 1, 1.2, and 1.5 mm thicknesses. CEREC Tessera crowns with 1.5 mm thickness exhibited the highest resistance (2119 N/mm2), followed by those with 1.2 mm (1982 N/mm2), 1.0 mm (1763 N/mm2), and 0.8 mm (1144 N/mm2) thickness, whereas e.max CAD crowns with 1.0 mm occlusal thickness displayed the lowest resistance (814 N/mm2). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between thickness and fracture resistance in the virgilite lithium disilicate full-coverage crowns was directly proportional, indicating that increased thickness corresponded to higher fracture resistance. No significant differences were noted among crowns with thicknesses ranging from 1 to 1.5 mm. This novel ceramic exhibited superior fracture resistance compared to traditional lithium disilicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Jurado
- Operative Dentistry Division, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christian Edgar Davila
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alexandra Davila
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alfredo I Hernandez
- A.T. Still University Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Mesa, Arizona, USA
| | - Yukari Odagiri
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kelvin I Afrashtehfar
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman City, UAE
- Consultant Private Practice Limited to Prosthodontics and Pre-Prosthetic Surgery, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Consultant Private Practice Limited to Prosthodontics, Esthetic and Implant Dentistry, Dubai, UAE
- Division of Periodontology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Damian Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Manziuc M, Kui A, Chisnoiu A, Labuneț A, Negucioiu M, Ispas A, Buduru S. Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramic in Digital Dentistry: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Our Current Understanding. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2135. [PMID: 38138238 PMCID: PMC10744576 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramic is a new innovative dental material with unique a chemical composition that is designed to combine harmoniously with the appropriate optical properties of lithium disilicate and the enhanced mechanical strength of zirconia. A thorough understanding of ZLS materials is essential for both clinicians and dental technicians. At present, the mechanical behavior and optical properties of the ZLS ceramic system have not been extensively researched, and there is still a lack of consensus regarding the fabrication process and clinical behavior of ZLS all-ceramic restorations. The aim of the present study was to present a selection of comprehensive information concerning zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics and their optical and mechanical properties, as well as to assess data regarding cementation procedures and clinical outcomes for ZLS all-ceramic restorations. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) were used for the research by two independent reviewers. The search was limited to articles published in the English language, as well as clinical and in vitro studies of color and studies on mechanical behavior and the cementation procedures of ZLS restorations. The exclusion criteria comprised abstracts, questionnaire-based studies, case reports, literature reviews, and studies that were not available in English. Zirconia-reinforced lithium-silicate-based ceramic presents a unique and complex microstructure that increases mechanical resistance but decreases aesthetic appearance, especially its translucency, due to tetragonal zirconia content. A material's thickness, the color of the underlying tooth structure, and the resin cement shade are important factors that influence the final shade and aesthetic appearance of ZLS restorations. Mechanical properties, which are defined by the fracture toughness, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and hardness of ZLS ceramic are higher compared to feldspathic, lithium disilicate, and hybrid ceramics, as well as resin nanoceramics; however, they are lower than translucent or high-translucency zirconia. Acid etching, sandblasting, and laser etching represent the most used methods to prepare the ZLS restoration surfaces for proper bonding procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreea Kui
- Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.M.); (S.B.)
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