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Grützmann K, Salomo K, Krüger A, Lohse-Fischer A, Erdmann K, Seifert M, Baretton G, Aust D, William D, Schröck E, Thomas C, Füssel S. Identification of novel snoRNA-based biomarkers for clear cell renal cell carcinoma from urine-derived extracellular vesicles. Biol Direct 2024; 19:38. [PMID: 38741178 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of RCC with high rates of metastasis. Targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase and checkpoint inhibitors have improved treatment success, but therapy-related side effects and tumor recurrence remain a challenge. As a result, ccRCC still have a high mortality rate. Early detection before metastasis has great potential to improve outcomes, but no suitable biomarker specific for ccRCC is available so far. Therefore, molecular biomarkers derived from body fluids have been investigated over the past decade. Among them, RNAs from urine-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are very promising. METHODS RNA was extracted from urine-derived EVs from a cohort of 78 subjects (54 ccRCC patients, 24 urolithiasis controls). RNA-seq was performed on the discovery cohort, a subset of the whole cohort (47 ccRCC, 16 urolithiasis). Reads were then mapped to the genome, and expression was quantified based on 100 nt long contiguous genomic regions. Cluster analysis and differential region expression analysis were performed with adjustment for age and gender. The candidate biomarkers were validated by qPCR in the entire cohort. Receiver operating characteristic, area under the curve and odds ratios were used to evaluate the diagnostic potential of the models. RESULTS An initial cluster analysis of RNA-seq expression data showed separation by the subjects' gender, but not by tumor status. Therefore, the following analyses were done, adjusting for gender and age. The regions differentially expressed between ccRCC and urolithiasis patients mainly overlapped with small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). The differential expression of four snoRNAs (SNORD99, SNORD22, SNORD26, SNORA50C) was validated by quantitative PCR. Confounder-adjusted regression models were then used to classify the validation cohort into ccRCC and tumor-free subjects. Corresponding accuracies ranged from 0.654 to 0.744. Models combining multiple genes and the risk factors obesity and hypertension showed improved diagnostic performance with an accuracy of up to 0.811 for SNORD99 and SNORA50C (p = 0.0091). CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovered four previously unrecognized snoRNA biomarkers from urine-derived EVs, advancing the search for a robust, easy-to-use ccRCC screening method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Grützmann
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Salomo
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Krüger
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse-Fischer
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo Baretton
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Aust
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Doreen William
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, ERN GENTURIS, Hereditary Cancer Syndrome Center Dresden, Max Planck, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, ERN GENTURIS, Hereditary Cancer Syndrome Center Dresden, Max Planck, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Füssel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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2
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Ayed A. The role of natural products versus miRNA in renal cell carcinoma: implications for disease mechanisms and diagnostic markers. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03121-8. [PMID: 38691151 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural products are chemical compounds produced by living organisms. They are isolated and purified to determine their function and can potentially be used as therapeutic agents. The ability of some bioactive natural products to modify the course of cancer is fascinating and promising. In the past 50 years, there have been advancements in cancer therapy that have increased survival rates for localized tumors. However, there has been little progress in treating advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. Oncogenes and tumor suppressors are two roles played by microRNAs (miRNAs). They are involved in important pathogenetic mechanisms like hypoxia and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); they control apoptosis, cell growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and proliferation through target proteins involved in various signaling pathways. Depending on their expression pattern, miRNAs may identify certain subtypes of RCC or distinguish tumor tissue from healthy renal tissue. As diagnostic biomarkers of RCC, circulating miRNAs show promise. There is a correlation between the expression patterns of several miRNAs and the prognosis and diagnosis of patients with RCC. Potentially high-risk primary tumors may be identified by comparing original tumor tissue with metastases. Variations in miRNA expression between treatment-sensitive and therapy-resistant patients' tissues and serum allow for the estimation of responsiveness to target therapy. Our knowledge of miRNAs' function in RCC etiology has a tremendous uptick. Finding and validating their gene targets could have an immediate effect on creating anticancer treatments based on miRNAs. Several miRNAs have the potential to be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the current knowledge regarding natural compounds and their modes of action in combating cancer. Also, this study aims to give information about the diagnostic and prognostic value of miRNAs as cancer biomarkers and their involvement in the pathogenesis of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Ayed
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, P.O Box 551, 61922, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Hayden JP, Wiggins A, Sullivan T, Kalantzakos T, Hooper K, Moinzadeh A, Rieger-Christ K. Use of Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction to Identify Biomarkers for Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Renal Masses. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:787. [PMID: 38398177 PMCID: PMC10886675 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as cell-free biomarkers for detecting renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a unique technology for nucleic acid quantification. It has the potential for superior precision, reproducibility, and diagnostic performance in identifying circulating miRNA biomarkers compared to conventional quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study aims to evaluate the performance of ddPCR compared to qRT- PCR in identifying miRNA biomarkers that differentiate malignant from benign renal masses. Potential biomarkers of RCC were identified from a literature review. RNA was extracted from the plasma of 56 patients. All the samples underwent analysis via ddPCR as well as qRT-PCR, and expression levels were recorded for the following miRNAs: miR-93, -144, -210, -221, and -222. Tumors were grouped into low-grade ccRCC, high-grade ccRCC, papillary RCC, and benign masses (primarily angiomyolipoma). The miRNA miR-210 (p = 0.034) and the combination of miRs-210 and miR-222 (p = 0.003) were expressed at significantly higher rates among those with RCC than those with benign masses, as measured by ddPCR. Using the combination of miR-210 and miR-222, ddPCR identified significant differences between the subgroups: papillary RCC versus benign (p = 0.03), low-grade ccRCC versus benign (p = 0.026), and high-grade ccRCC versus benign (p = 0.002). The only significant difference between these subgroups using qRT-PCR was between high-grade ccRCC and benign (p = 0.045). All the AUCs were significant when comparing each RCC subgroup with benign for both PCR technologies. Using a combination of miR-210 and miR-222, ddPCR identified significant differences between benign and malignant renal masses that were not identified as significant by conventional qRT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Hayden
- Department of Urology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805, USA; (J.P.H.); (A.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Adam Wiggins
- Department of Urology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805, USA; (J.P.H.); (A.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Travis Sullivan
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805, USA; (T.S.); (T.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Thomas Kalantzakos
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805, USA; (T.S.); (T.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Kailey Hooper
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805, USA; (T.S.); (T.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Alireza Moinzadeh
- Department of Urology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805, USA; (J.P.H.); (A.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Kimberly Rieger-Christ
- Department of Urology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805, USA; (J.P.H.); (A.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805, USA; (T.S.); (T.K.); (K.H.)
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4
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Lu Y, Zhang M, Zhou J, Liu X, Wang L, Hu X, Mao Y, Gan R, Chen Z. Extracellular vesicles in renal cell carcinoma: challenges and opportunities coexist. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212101. [PMID: 37469514 PMCID: PMC10352798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents an extremely challenging disease in terms of both diagnosis and treatment. It poses a significant threat to human health, with incidence rates increasing at a yearly rate of roughly 2%. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-based bilayer structures of membranes that are essential for intercellular interaction and have been linked to the advancement of RCC. This review provides an overview of recent studies on the role of EVs in RCC progression, including involvement in the interaction of tumor cells with M2 macrophages, mediating the generation of immune tolerance, and assuming the role of communication messengers in the tumor microenvironment leading to disease progression. Finally, the " troika " of EVs in RCC therapy is presented, including engineered sEVs' or EVs tumor vaccines, mesenchymal stem cell EVs therapy, and reduction of tumor-derived EVs secretion. In this context, we highlight the limitations and challenges of EV-based research and the prospects for future developments in this field. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the role of EVs in RCC and their potential as a viable pathway for the future treatment of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiulan Liu
- Department of Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lanfeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yiping Mao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Rongfa Gan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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5
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Mao Y, Zhang M, Wang L, Lu Y, Hu X, Chen Z. Role of microRNA carried by small extracellular vesicles in urological tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1192937. [PMID: 37333986 PMCID: PMC10272383 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1192937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are minute vesicles secreted by various cells that are capable of transporting cargo, including microRNAs, between donor and recipient cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length, have been implicated in a wide array of biological processes, including those involved in tumorigenesis. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of miRNAs encapsulated in sEVs in both the diagnosis and treatment of urological tumors, with potential implications in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment and drug resistance. This review provides a brief overview of the biogenesis and functional mechanisms of sEVs and miRNAs, followed by a summarization of recent empirical findings on miRNAs encapsulated in sEVs from three archetypal urologic malignancies: prostate cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and bladder cancer. We conclude by underscoring the potential of sEV-enclosed miRNAs as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets, with a particular focus on their detection and analysis in biological fluids such as urine, plasma, and serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Mao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lanfeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yukang Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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6
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Elballal MS, Sallam AAM, Elesawy AE, Shahin RK, Midan HM, Elrebehy MA, Elazazy O, El-Boghdady RM, Blasy SH, Amer NM, Farid HI, Mohammed DA, Ahmed SA, Mohamed SS, Doghish AS. miRNAs as potential game-changers in renal cell carcinoma: Future clinical and medicinal uses. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154439. [PMID: 37028108 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has the highest mortality rate of all genitourinary cancers, and its prevalence has grown over time. While RCC can be surgically treated and recurrence is only probable in a tiny proportion of patients, early diagnosis is crucial. Mutations in a large number of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes contribute to pathway dysregulation in RCC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have considerable promise as biomarkers for detecting cancer due to their special combination of properties. Several miRNAs have been proposed as a diagnostic or monitoring tool for RCC based on their presence in the blood or urine. Moreover, the expression profile of particular miRNAs has been associated with the response to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapeutic options like sunitinib. The goal of this review is to go over the development, spread, and evolution of RCC. Also, we emphasize the outcomes of studies that examined the use of miRNAs in RCC patients as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, or modulators of responsiveness to treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Al-Aliaa M Sallam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Elesawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Reem K Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Heba M Midan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | | | - Shaimaa Hassan Blasy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Nada Mahmoud Amer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hadeer Ibrahim Farid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Dina Ashraf Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Adly Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sally Samir Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
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7
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Bao N, Zhang P, Zhu Y, Du P, Jin G, Wu B, Ding T. miR-378a-3p promotes renal cell carcinoma proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting TOB2. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:748-757. [PMID: 36309620 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system, which has high metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to participate in RCC progression. The present study aimed to understand the biological role and mechanism of miR-378a-3p in RCC. METHODS RT-qPCR assay was used to assess miR-378a-3p and transducer of ERBB2 (TOB2) expression in RCC tissues and cell lines. CCK-8, clone formation, scratch, and transwell assays were carried out to evaluate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, the target genes of miR-378a-3p were predicted by the online bioinformatics databases. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the relationship between miR-378a-3p and TOB2. RESULTS miR-378a-3p was highly expressed in RCC tissues and RCC cell lines. Besides, miR-378a-3p accelerated the progression of RCC by mediating cell proliferation, migration and invasion. More importantly, TOB2 was confirmed as a potential target gene of miR-378a-3p. The results of loss-of-function experiments showed that inhibition of TOB2 reversed the inhibitory roles of miR-378a-3p inhibitor on RCC progression. CONCLUSIONS miR-378a-3p promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion through regulating TOB2 in RCC, which indicated a promising target for the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.256 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.256 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.256 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.256 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.256 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.256 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tong Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.256 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, China.
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8
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Zhang M, Lu Y, Wang L, Mao Y, Hu X, Chen Z. Current Status of Research on Small Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010100. [PMID: 36612097 PMCID: PMC9817817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of communication between tumor cells and normal cells. These vesicles are rich in a variety of contents such as RNA, DNA, and proteins, and can be involved in angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the formation of pre-metastatic ecological niches, and the regulation of the tumor microenvironment. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are a type of EVs. Currently, the main treatments for urological tumors are surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, urological tumors are difficult to diagnose and treat due to their high metastatic rate, tendency to develop drug resistance, and the low sensitivity of liquid biopsies. Numerous studies have shown that sEVs offer novel therapeutic options for tumor treatment, such as tumor vaccines and tumor drug carriers. sEVs have attracted a great deal of attention owing to their contribution to in intercellular communication, and as novel biomarkers, and role in the treatment of urological tumors. This article reviews the research and applications of sEVs in the diagnosis and treatment of urological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yukang Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lanfeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yiping Mao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-150-8373-7280
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9
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Yoshida M, Yukawa H, Hayashi K, Naitoh I, Miyabe K, Hori Y, Natsume M, Jinno N, Kato A, Kachi K, Asano G, Sahashi H, Toyohara T, Kuno K, Kito Y, Kondo H, Hirano A, Okumura F, Anbe K, Baba Y, Kataoka H, Tanaka Y. Clinical impact of bile-derived exosomal microRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for biliary tract cancers. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:295-305. [PMID: 36168845 PMCID: PMC9807502 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sampling of bile juice during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has potential benefit of being amenable to the identification of novel biomarkers in liquid biopsy. This study reports the results of a global investigation of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in bile to identify potential biomarkers for biliary tract cancers (BTCs). Eighty-eight bile samples collected during ERCP (45 BTC and 43 noncancer control samples) were enrolled in this study. Eleven BTC samples and nine control samples were assigned as the discovery set. Exosomes in bile and serum samples were collected using a glass membrane column with size-controlled macroporous glass (MPG), and exosomal miRNA expression profiles were evaluated using comprehensive miRNA microarray analysis (3D-Gene). For validation, exosomal miRNA in the bile samples of 34 BTCs and 34 controls were comprehensively evaluated using 3D-Gene. In the discovery set, eight exosomal miRNAs in bile were identified as significant aberrant expression markers, while no miRNA with aberrant expression in serum was identified. In a comparison of the discovery and validation sets, miR-451a and miR-3619-3p were identified as reproducible upregulated markers, and the combination of the two bile miRNAs showed an excellent area under the curve (0.819) value for diagnosing BTCs. In addition, high miR-3619-3p expression in bile reflects poorer prognosis of BTCs (hazard ratio = 2.89). The MPG-extracted exosomal miRNAs in bile aspirated during ERCP provide a convenient new approach for diagnosing biliary diseases. Bile-derived miRNA analysis with miR-451a and miR-3619-3p represents a potentially valuable diagnostic strategy for identifying BTCs as well as a predictive indicator of BTC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Kazuki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Itaru Naitoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Katsuyuki Miyabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Yasuki Hori
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Makoto Natsume
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Naruomi Jinno
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Akihisa Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Kenta Kachi
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Go Asano
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Hidenori Sahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Tadashi Toyohara
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Kayoko Kuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Yusuke Kito
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Hiromu Kondo
- Department of GastroenterologyNagoya City East Medical CenterNagoyaJapan
| | - Atsuyuki Hirano
- Department of GastroenterologyNagoya City West Medical CenterNagoyaJapan
| | - Fumihiro Okumura
- Department of GastroenterologyGifu Prefectural Tajimi HospitalTajimiJapan
| | - Kaiki Anbe
- Department of GastroenterologyToyokawa City HospitalToyokawaJapan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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Yi X, Chen J, Huang D, Feng S, Yang T, Li Z, Wang X, Zhao M, Wu J, Zhong T. Current perspectives on clinical use of exosomes as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:966981. [PMID: 36119470 PMCID: PMC9472136 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.966981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a heterogeneous subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that biogenesis from endosomes. Besides, exosomes contain a variety of molecular cargoes including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, which play a key role in the mechanism of exosome formation. Meanwhile, exosomes are involved with physiological and pathological conditions. The molecular profile of exosomes reflects the type and pathophysiological status of the originating cells so could potentially be exploited for diagnostic of cancer. This review aims to describe important molecular cargoes involved in exosome biogenesis. In addition, we highlight exogenous factors, especially autophagy, hypoxia and pharmacology, that regulate the release of exosomes and their corresponding cargoes. Particularly, we also emphasize exosome molecular cargoes as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsy for diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Defa Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- English Teaching and Research Section, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tong Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Minghong Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiyang Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyu Zhong,
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11
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Extracellular Vesicles—A New Potential Player in the Immunology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050772. [PMID: 35629194 PMCID: PMC9144962 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has doubled in the developed world within the last fifty years, and now it is responsible for 2–3% of diagnosed cancers. The delay in diagnosis and the not fully understood pathogenesis are the main challenges that have to be overcome. It seems that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the key players in tumor development since they ensure a proper microenvironment for the tumor cells. The stimulation of angiogenesis and immunosuppression is mediated by molecules contained in EVs. It was shown that EVs derived from cancer cells can inhibit T cell proliferation, natural killer lymphocyte activation, and dendritic cell maturation by this mechanism. Moreover, EVs may be a biomarker for the response to anti-cancer treatment. In this review, we sum up the knowledge about the role of EVs in RCC pathogenesis and show their future perspectives in this field.
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Gene therapy of prostate cancer using liposomes containing perforin expression vector driven by the promoter of prostate-specific antigen gene. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1442. [PMID: 35087064 PMCID: PMC8795355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perforin secreted from cytotoxic lymphocytes plays a critical role in cancer immunosurveillance. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of liposomes containing perforin expression vector driven by the promotor of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The anti-tumor effect of perforin was analyzed using prostate cancer (PC) PC-3 cells in which perforin expression was controlled by Tet-on system (PC-3PRF cells). Liposomes encapsulating PSA promoter-driven perforin expression vector (pLipo) were constructed for its specific expression in PC. The anti-tumor effect of pLipo was evaluated in vitro using docetaxel-resistant PC 22Rv1 PC cell line, 22Rv1DR, and PC-3 cells in the presence of human peripheral blood mono nuclear cells (PBMCs) and also in vivo using male nude mice bearing 22Rv1DR cell-derived tumor xenograft. Induction of perforin significantly inhibited growth of PC-3PRF cells. Treatment with pLipo induced perforin expression in 22Rv1DR cells expressing PSA but not in PC-3 cells lacking it. Treatment with pLipo at a low concentration was prone to inhibit growth of both cell lines and significantly inhibited growth of 22Rv1DR cells when co-incubated with PBMCs. The combined use of pLipo at a high concentration with PBMCs showed nearly complete inhibition of 22Rv1DR cell growth. Intravenous administration of pLipo via tail vein increased the level of perforin in tumor and serum and significantly decreased the tumor volume. Our results suggest that liposome-mediated PC-specific expression of perforin could be a novel therapy for advanced PC.
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Arance E, Ramírez V, Rubio-Roldan A, Ocaña-Peinado FM, Romero-Cachinero C, Jódar-Reyes AB, Vazquez-Alonso F, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Alvarez-Cubero MJ. Determination of Exosome Mitochondrial DNA as a Biomarker of Renal Cancer Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010199. [PMID: 35008363 PMCID: PMC8750318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Components of liquid biopsy are potential non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring renal cell carcinoma (RCC) status. The aim of our study was to examine mitochondrial genes (such as HV1 and CYB) included in exosomal fractions as promising and innovative biomarkers in RCC. We found that phase C containing different types of vesicles and phase F rich in exosomes with a high mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content could be considered as powerful biomarkers for susceptibility to RCC. Interestingly, mtDNA was a good genetic marker when aggressiveness was evaluated. Abstract Here, the role of non-invasive biomarkers in liquid biopsy was evaluated, mainly in exosomes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as promising, novel, and stable biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A total of 140 fractions (named from B to F) obtained by ultracentrifugations of whole blood samples from 28 individuals (13 patients and 15 controls) were included. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) was conducted to characterized exosomal fraction. Subsequently, an analysis of digital PCR (dPCR) using the QuantStudio™ 3D Digital PCR platform was performed and the quantification of mtDNA copy number by QuantStudioTM 12K Flex Real-Time PCR System (qPCR) was developed. Moreover, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analyses were included using MiSeq system (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). An F fraction, which contains all exosome data and all mitochondrial markers, was identified in dPCR and qPCR with statistically significant power (adjusted p values ≤ 0.03) when comparing cases and controls. Moreover, present analysis in mtDNA showed a relevant significance in RCC aggressiveness. To sum up, this is the first time a relation between exosomal mtDNA markers and clinical management of RCC is analyzed. We suggest a promising strategy for future liquid biopsy RCC analysis, although more analysis should be performed prior to application in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arance
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (V.R.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - Viviana Ramírez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (V.R.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - Alejandro Rubio-Roldan
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (V.R.); (A.R.-R.)
| | | | - Catalina Romero-Cachinero
- Nursery Department. University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Ana Belén Jódar-Reyes
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Excellence Research Unit Modeling Nature (MNat), Department of Applied Physics, School of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Fernando Vazquez-Alonso
- Urology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (V.R.); (A.R.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-715-500; Fax: +34-958-637-071
| | - Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, PTS Granada, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
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