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Sales PF, do Nascimento AL, Pinheiro FC, Alberto AKM, Teixeira dos Santos AVTDL, Carvalho HDO, de Souza GC, Carvalho JCT. Effect of the Association of Fixed Oils from Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, Euterpe oleracea Martius, Bixa orellana Linné and Chronic SM ® on Atherogenic Dyslipidemia in Wistar Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:6689. [PMID: 37764465 PMCID: PMC10534590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia presents high levels of serum cholesterol and is characterized as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, especially for the development of atherosclerosis. E. oleracea oil (OFEO), A. esculentus oil (OFAE), B. orellana oil (OFBO), and Chronic SM® granules (CHR) are rich in bioactive compounds with the potential to treat changes in lipid metabolism. This study investigated the effects of treatments with oils from A. esculentus, E. oleracea, B. orellana, and Chronic SM® on Cocos nucifera L. saturated-fat-induced dyslipidemia. The chromatographic profile showed the majority presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the tested oils. The quantification of tocotrienols and geranylgeraniol in OFBO and CHR was obtained. Treatments with OFEO, OFAE, OFBO, and CHR were able to significantly reduce glycemia, as well as hypertriglyceridemia, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, besides increasing HDL-cholesterol. The treatments inhibited the formation of atheromatous plaques in the vascular endothelium of the treated rats. The obtained results suggest that the OFEO, OFAE, OFBO, and CHR exhibit antidyslipidemic effects and antiatherogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Faimann Sales
- Laboratory of Drugs Research, Biology and Healthy Sciences Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, Km 02, Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil; (P.F.S.); (A.L.d.N.); (F.C.P.); (A.K.M.A.); (A.V.T.d.L.T.d.S.); (H.d.O.C.); (G.C.d.S.)
| | - Aline Lopes do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Drugs Research, Biology and Healthy Sciences Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, Km 02, Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil; (P.F.S.); (A.L.d.N.); (F.C.P.); (A.K.M.A.); (A.V.T.d.L.T.d.S.); (H.d.O.C.); (G.C.d.S.)
| | - Fernanda Cavalcante Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Drugs Research, Biology and Healthy Sciences Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, Km 02, Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil; (P.F.S.); (A.L.d.N.); (F.C.P.); (A.K.M.A.); (A.V.T.d.L.T.d.S.); (H.d.O.C.); (G.C.d.S.)
| | - Andressa Ketelem Meireles Alberto
- Laboratory of Drugs Research, Biology and Healthy Sciences Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, Km 02, Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil; (P.F.S.); (A.L.d.N.); (F.C.P.); (A.K.M.A.); (A.V.T.d.L.T.d.S.); (H.d.O.C.); (G.C.d.S.)
| | - Abrahão Victor Tavares de Lima Teixeira dos Santos
- Laboratory of Drugs Research, Biology and Healthy Sciences Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, Km 02, Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil; (P.F.S.); (A.L.d.N.); (F.C.P.); (A.K.M.A.); (A.V.T.d.L.T.d.S.); (H.d.O.C.); (G.C.d.S.)
| | - Helison de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Drugs Research, Biology and Healthy Sciences Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, Km 02, Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil; (P.F.S.); (A.L.d.N.); (F.C.P.); (A.K.M.A.); (A.V.T.d.L.T.d.S.); (H.d.O.C.); (G.C.d.S.)
| | - Gisele Custódio de Souza
- Laboratory of Drugs Research, Biology and Healthy Sciences Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, Km 02, Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil; (P.F.S.); (A.L.d.N.); (F.C.P.); (A.K.M.A.); (A.V.T.d.L.T.d.S.); (H.d.O.C.); (G.C.d.S.)
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Laboratory of Drugs Research, Biology and Healthy Sciences Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. JK, Km 02, Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil; (P.F.S.); (A.L.d.N.); (F.C.P.); (A.K.M.A.); (A.V.T.d.L.T.d.S.); (H.d.O.C.); (G.C.d.S.)
- University Hospital of Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Josmar Chaves Pinto, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
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Adipocyte Biology from the Perspective of In Vivo Research: Review of Key Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010322. [PMID: 35008748 PMCID: PMC8745732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are both significant contributors to the contemporary pandemic of non-communicable diseases. Both disorders are interconnected and associated with the disruption of normal homeostasis in adipose tissue. Consequently, exploring adipose tissue differentiation and homeostasis is important for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders. The aim of this work is to review the consecutive steps in the postnatal development of adipocytes, with a special emphasis on in vivo studies. We gave particular attention to well-known transcription factors that had been thoroughly described in vitro, and showed that the in vivo research of adipogenic differentiation can lead to surprising findings.
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Haidari F, Shayesteh F, Mohammad-Shahi M, Jalali MT, Ahmadi-Angali K. Olive Leaf Extract Supplementation Combined with Calorie-Restricted Diet on Reducing Body Weight and Fat Mass in Obese Women: Result of a Randomized Control Trial. Clin Nutr Res 2021; 10:314-329. [PMID: 34796136 PMCID: PMC8575641 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2021.10.4.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present trial aims to evaluate a supplementation of the olive leaf extract (OLE) in adjunct with a weight loss diet on anthropometric indices, glycemic indices, lipid profile, as well as the level of adipokines, and free fatty acid in obese women. We carried out an 8-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, clinical trial. The participants were randomly stratified according to age and they were assigned to one of the two study groups: Standard weight loss diet (estimated daily energy requirements minus 500 kcal) + OLE supplementation (n = 35) in intervention group or Standard weight loss diet (estimated daily energy requirements minus 500 kcal) + placebo (n = 35) in placebo group. The study groups were homogeneous regarding the baseline age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences, married status, and physical activity levels (p > 0.05). The results of analysis of covariance presented significant decreases in BMI, fat mass, and body weight in the OLE group compared to those in the placebo group (p < 0.05). At the end of the study, the serum levels of fasting blood sugar, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, leptin, fatty free acid, and homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance significantly decreased, and serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin elevated in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Based on results it seems that the addition of OLE to a hypocaloric diet for 8-week compared with a hypocaloric diet alone may be more effective in modifying obesity and metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Haidari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran
| | - Forough Shayesteh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 5794-61357, Iran
| | - Majid Mohammad-Shahi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Taha Jalali
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 5794-61357, Iran
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi-Angali
- Faculty of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 5794-61357, Iran
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Yasuda K, Matsubara T, Shirakawa T, Kawamoto T, Kokabu S. Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 18 suppresses the transcriptional activity of NFATc1 via regulation of c-fos. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101114. [PMID: 34401407 PMCID: PMC8353383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NFATc1 and its binding partner AP-1 (a complex containing c-fos and c-Jun) play a central role in osteoclast differentiation. NFATc1 and AP-1 promote the expression of target genes such as Acp5, Ctsk and also auto-regulate NFATc1 expression as well. We previously reported that protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 18 (PPP1r18) is a negative regulator of osteoclast bone resorption by inhibiting cell attachment to bone matrix. We also reported that PPP1r18 potentially regulates NFATc1 expression during osteoclast differentiation. To further explore this, in this study we have examined the effect of PPP1r18 on NFATc1 expression and activity by overexpressing PPP1r18 during the early stage of osteoclast differentiation. We found that PPP1r18 suppressed NFATc1 expression through inhibition of the transcriptional activity of NFATc1. Since PPP1r18 does not regulate NFATc1 directly, we next explored the involvement of AP-1. Our data showed that c-fos phosphorylation and nuclear localization were reduced by PPP1r18 overexpression. Further experiments showed that overexpression of c-fos together with PPP1r18 rescued NFATc1 expression and transcriptional activity. Moreover, c-fos activity inhibition by PPP1r18 was canceled by mutation of the phosphatase binding site of PPP1r18. Taken together, PPP1r18-regulated phosphatase activity targets c-fos phosphorylation and suppresses subsequent NFATc1 expression and activity. PPP1r18 suppresses osteoclast differentiation. PPP1r18 suppresses c-fos phosphorylation and nuclear localization. PPP1r18 suppresses NFAT via c-fos.
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Key Words
- Ctsk, cathepsin K
- Dc-stamp, dendrocyte expressed seven transmembrane protein
- GapDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- M-CSF, macrophage colony stimulating factor
- NFATc1
- NFATc1, nuclear factor of activated T cells 1
- Osteoclast
- PP1, protein phosphatase 1
- PPP1r18
- PPP1r18, protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 18
- RANK, receptor activator nuclear factor kappa B
- RANKL, receptor activator nuclear factor kappa B ligand
- Src, Rous sarcoma oncogene
- TRAP, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
- c-Fos
- c-Jun, Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit
- c-fos, Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Yasuda
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Tomohiko Shirakawa
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kawamoto
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
- Corresponding authors.
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Beneficial effect of dietary geranylgeraniol on glucose homeostasis and bone microstructure in obese mice is associated with suppression of proinflammation and modification of gut microbiome. Nutr Res 2021; 93:27-37. [PMID: 34352722 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) is found in edible oils such as olive, linseed, and sunflower oils, which have favorable metabolic effects. However, it is unknown whether these physiological benefits are mediated through the gut microbiome. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that GGOH supplementation would improve glucose homeostasis and benefit the bone microstructure in obese mice through suppression of inflammation and modification of gut microbiota composition. Thirty-six male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 groups: a low-fat diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and an HFD supplemented with 800 mg GGOH/kg diet (GG) for 14 weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were measured at baseline and end of study. The concentrations of adipokine cytokines (resistin, leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6) were measured via ELISA. Bone microarchitecture and quality were measured by micro-CT. Microbiome analysis was performed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on cecal content. Relative to the HFD group, the GG group: (1) improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity; (2) reduced production of pro-inflammatory adipokines, (3) increased serum procollagen I intact N-terminal propeptide (bone formation marker) concentrations, while decreasing serum collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (bone resorption marker) levels, and (4) increased stiffness at both femur and LV-4 and cortical thickness at femoral midshaft. Compared to the HFD group, the GG group had an increased abundance of Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum and decreased Dorea longicatena in the cecal microbiome. Collectively, GGOH improves glucose homeostasis and bone microstructure in obese mice, probably via suppression of pro-inflammation and modification of microbiome composition.
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Wu L, Guo C, Wu J. Therapeutic potential of PPARγ natural agonists in liver diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2736-2748. [PMID: 32031298 PMCID: PMC7077554 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a vital subtype of the PPAR family. The biological functions are complex and diverse. PPARγ plays a significant role in protecting the liver from inflammation, oxidation, fibrosis, fatty liver and tumours. Natural products are a promising pool for drug discovery, and enormous research effort has been invested in exploring the PPARγ‐activating potential of natural products. In this manuscript, we will review the research progress of PPARγ agonists from natural products in recent years and probe into the application potential and prospects of PPARγ natural agonists in the therapy of various liver diseases, including inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, non‐alcoholic fatty liver and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jung YC, Kim HW, Min BK, Cho JY, Son HJ, Lee JY, Kim JY, Kwon SB, Li Q, Lee HW. Inhibitory Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on Obesity in High-fat Diet-induced Mice. In Vivo 2019; 33:707-715. [PMID: 31028187 PMCID: PMC6559891 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The rapid increase in the number of people who are overweight or obese, which increases the risk of diseases and health problems, is becoming an important issue. Herein, we investigated whether olive leaf extract (OLE) has potent anti-obesity effects in high-fat induced mouse models. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomized into normal control, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with OLE, and HFD with garcinia groups and administered experimental diets for 12 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured once per week and obesity-related biomarkers were evaluated in the serum and adipose tissue. RESULTS OLE significantly suppressed weight gain, food efficiency ratio, visceral fat accumulation, and serum lipid composition in HFD-induced mice. Furthermore, the expression of adipogenesis- and thermogenesis-related molecules was decreased in the OLE-treated group. CONCLUSION OLE prevents obesity development by regulating the expression of molecules involved in adipogenesis and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chan Jung
- Institute of Research and Development, Chaon Corp., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Institute of Research and Development, Chaon Corp., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Kee Min
- Nova K Health Corp., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Research and Development, Chaon Corp., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Woo Lee
- Institute of Research and Development, Chaon Corp., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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