Effects of Far-infrared Ray on Temozolomide-treated Glioma in Rats

Far-Infrared Therapy Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing via Recruitment of Tissue Angiogenesis in a Full-Thickness Wound Healing Model in Rats

Far-infrared ray (FIR) therapy has been applied in the tissue regeneration field. Studies have revealed that FIR could enhance wound healing. However, the biological effects of FIR on diabetic wounds remain unclear. Our study aims to investigate whether FIR could accelerate diabetic wound healing and analyze the biomechanisms. A dorsal skin defect (area, 6 × 5 cm²) in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rodent model was designed. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each subgroup). Group 1 consisted of sham, non-diabetic control; group 2, diabetic control without treatment; group 3, diabetic rats received 20 min FIR (FIR-20, 20 min per session, triplicate/weekly for 4 weeks) and group 4, diabetic rats received 40 min FIR (FIR-40, 40 min per session, triplicate in one week for 4 weeks). The wound healing was assessed clinically. Skin blood flow was measured by laser Doppler. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), eNOS, and Ki-67, were analyzed with immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Laser Doppler flowmetry analysis of the blood flow of wounding area revealed the blood flow was higher in diabetic rats who received 40 min FIR (FIR-40) as compared to that in FIR-20 group. The wounding area was significantly reduced in the FIR-40 group than in the diabetic control groups. Histological findings of peri-wounding tissue revealed a significant increase in the neo-vessels in the FIR-treated groups as compared to the controls. IHC staining of periwounding biopsy tissue showed significant increases in angiogenesis expressions (VEGF, eNOS, and EGF), cell proliferation (Ki-67), and suppressed inflammatory response and oxygen radicles (CD45, 8-OHdG) expressions in the FIR-treated groups as compared to that in controls. Treatment with the optimal dosage of FIR significantly facilitated diabetic wound healing and associated with suppressed pro-inflammatory response and increased neovascularization and tissue regeneration.

Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on the Viability and Expression of Chemokine Receptor Genes in Temozolomide-treated Glioma Cells

BACKGROUND/AIM

The effects of cinnamaldehyde on glioma are still unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on the viability and expression of chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 in temozolomide (TMZ)-treated glioma cells.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Cell viability and CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression were measured by western blotting at 72 h after treatment with various concentrations of cinnamaldehyde and TMZ.

RESULTS

Cell viability was significantly lower after treatment with 300 μM TMZ, 50 μM cinnamaldehyde, 75 μM cinnamaldehyde, or combined treatment with 300 μM TMZ plus 50 μM or 75 μM cinnamaldehyde than after no treatment (i.e., without TMZ or cinnamaldehyde); and significantly lower after combined treatment with 300 μM TMZ plus 75 μM cinnamaldehyde but not 50 μM cinnamaldehyde, than treatment with 300 μM TMZ alone. Western blotting showed that either single treatments or combined treatments had lower CXCR4 expression (compared to the no-treatment control). Compared to 300 μM TMZ alone, both combined treatment of 300 μM TMZ plus 50 μM cinnamaldehyde or 75 μM cinnamaldehyde had significantly lowered CXCR4 expression. However, CXCR7 expression was not significantly different in all groups.

CONCLUSION

Cinnamaldehyde, acting with TMZ, reduces glioma cell viability possibly via decreasing CXCR4 expression.