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Sakagami H, Furukawa T, Satoh K, Amano S, Iijima Y, Koshikawa T, Asai D, Fukuchi K, Takemura H, Kanamoto T, Yokose S. Re-Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Potential of Pyoktanin Blue. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:medicines8070033. [PMID: 34206186 PMCID: PMC8305689 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8070033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Pyoktanin blue (PB) is used for staining tissues and cells, and it is applied in photodynamic therapy due to its potent bactericidal activity. However, clinical application of PB as an antiviral and antitumor agent has been limited due to its potent toxicity. For clinical application, the antitumor and antiviral activity as well as the neurotoxicity of PB were re-evaluated with a chemotherapeutic index. Methods: Tumor-specificity (TS) was determined by the ratio of CC50 against normal oral cells/oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); neurotoxicity by that of normal oral/neuronal cells; antiviral activity by that of mock-infected/virus-infected cells; and potency-selectivity expression (PSE) by dividing TS by CC50 (OSCC). Results: Antitumor activity of PB (assessed by TS and PSE) was comparable with that of DXR and much higher than that of 5-FU and melphalan. PB induced caspase-3 activation and subG1 cell accumulation in an OSCC cell line (Ca9-22). PB and anticancer drugs showed comparable cytotoxicity against both neuronal cells and OSCC cell lines. PB showed no detectable anti-HIV/HSV activity, in contrast to reverse transferase inhibitors, sulfated glucans, and alkaline extract of leaves of S.P. Conclusions: PB showed first-class anticancer activity and neurotoxicity, suggesting the importance of establishing the safe treatment schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakagami
- Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Meikai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan;
| | - Toshiko Furukawa
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (T.F.); (S.Y.)
| | - Keitaro Satoh
- Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan;
| | - Shigeru Amano
- Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Meikai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan;
| | - Yosuke Iijima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 350-8550, Japan;
| | - Takuro Koshikawa
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; (T.K.); (D.A.); (H.T.)
| | - Daisuke Asai
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; (T.K.); (D.A.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan;
| | - Kunihiko Fukuchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;
| | - Hiromu Takemura
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; (T.K.); (D.A.); (H.T.)
| | - Taisei Kanamoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Yokose
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (T.F.); (S.Y.)
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Paulino-Gonzalez AD, Sakagami H, Bandow K, Kanda Y, Nagasawa Y, Hibino Y, Nakajima H, Yokose S, Amano O, Nakaya G, Koga-Ogawa Y, Shiroto A, Nobesawa T, Ueda D, Nakatani S, Kobata K, Iijima Y, Ifuku S, Yamamoto M, Garcia-Contreras R. Biological Properties of the Aggregated Form of Chitosan Magnetic Nanoparticle. In Vivo 2021; 34:1729-1738. [PMID: 32606141 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Chi-NP) have gained attention because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and targetability under magnetic field. In this study, we investigated various biological properties of Chi-NP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chi-NP was prepared by mixing magnetic NP with chitosan FL-80. Particle size was determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopes, cell viability by MTT assay, cell cycle distribution by cell sorter, synergism with anticancer drugs by combination index, PGE2 production in human gingival fibroblast was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS The synthetic process of Chi-NP from FL-80 and magnetic NP increased the affinity to cells, up to the level attained by nanofibers. Upon contact with the culture medium, Chi-NP instantly formed aggregates and interfered with intracellular uptake. Aggregated Chi-NP did not show cytotoxicity, synergism with anticancer drugs, induce apoptosis (accumulation of subG1 cell population), protect the cells from X-ray-induced damage, nor affected both basal and IL-1β-induced PGE2 production. CONCLUSION Chi-NP is biologically inert and shows high affinity to cells, further confirming its superiority as a scaffold for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel David Paulino-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Nanoestructuras y Biomateriales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, León, México.,Dental Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Yumiko Kanda
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko Nagasawa
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Osamu Amano
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Giichirou Nakaya
- Nihon Institute of Medical Science Faculty of Health Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukari Koga-Ogawa
- Nihon Institute of Medical Science Faculty of Health Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shiroto
- Nihon Institute of Medical Science Faculty of Health Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadamasa Nobesawa
- Nihon Institute of Medical Science Faculty of Health Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ueda
- Nihon Institute of Medical Science Faculty of Health Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sachie Nakatani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Iijima
- Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | | | - Rene Garcia-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Nanoestructuras y Biomateriales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, León, México
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