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Espino L, Miño N. Common Neurologic Diseases in Geriatric Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1753. [PMID: 38929372 PMCID: PMC11200570 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in the canine geriatric population means that veterinarians are more often confronted with diseases that are more prevalent in patients in this age group. As in other organ systems, degenerative, neoplastic, and vascular diseases are the most prevalent neurologic disorders in older dogs. A neurological disease in an older dog poses a challenge for the clinician due to the presence of concomitant diseases and age-related changes that make it difficult to interpret the neurological examination. In addition, given the age of the patients, some owners do not allow advanced imaging tests, and it is necessary to establish the most likely presumptive diagnosis to initiate treatment. Although many of these diseases can cause clinical signs that can be very upsetting, some of them can be managed with symptomatic therapy and have a good prognosis, such as idiopathic vestibular syndrome. Moreover, advances in and the greater availability of therapeutic options such as surgery and radiation therapy may increase survival and quality of life in diseases with a more serious prognosis, such as tumours. The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the more frequent diseases affecting the central nervous systems of geriatric dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Espino
- Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal y Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria de Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
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Xiao N, Yang W, Wang J, Li J, Zhao R, Li M, Li C, Liu K, Li Y, Yin C, Chen Z, Li X, Jiang Y. Protein structuromics: A new method for protein structure-function crosstalk in glioma. Proteins 2024; 92:24-36. [PMID: 37497743 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is a type of tumor that starts in the glial cells of the brain or spine. Since the 1800s, when the disease was first named, its survival rates have always been unsatisfactory. Despite great advances in molecular biology and traditional treatment methods, many questions regarding cancer occurrence and the underlying mechanism remain to be answered. In this study, we assessed the protein structural features of 20 oncogenes and 20 anti-oncogenes via protein structure and dynamic analysis methods and 3D structural and systematic analyses of the structure-function relationships of proteins. All of these results directly indicate that unfavorable group proteins show more complex structures than favorable group proteins. As the tumor cell microenvironment changes, the balance of oncogene-related and anti-oncogene-related proteins is disrupted, and most of the structures of the two groups of proteins will be disrupted. However, more unfavorable group proteins will maintain and refold to achieve their correct shape faster and perform their functions more quickly than favorable group proteins, and the former thus support cancer development. We hope that these analyses will help promote mechanistic research and the development of new treatments for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiao
- Department of Medical Science, Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenming Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruoxuan Zhao
- Department of Medical Science, Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Muzheng Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Chi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Medical Science, Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingxin Li
- Department of Medical Science, Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Chaoqun Yin
- Department of Medical Science, Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhibo Chen
- Department of Medical Science, Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xingqi Li
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Medical Science, Medical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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Cartiaux B, Deviers A, Delmas C, Abadie J, Pumarola Battle M, Cohen-Jonathan Moyal E, Mogicato G. Evaluation of in vitro intrinsic radiosensitivity and characterization of five canine high-grade glioma cell lines. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1253074. [PMID: 38098992 PMCID: PMC10720585 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1253074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor in dogs and predominantly affects brachycephalic breeds. Diagnosis relies on CT or MRI imaging, and the proposed treatments include surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy depending on the tumor's location. Canine glioma from domestic dogs could be used as a more powerful model to study radiotherapy for human glioma than the murine model. Indeed, (i) contrary to mice, immunocompetent dogs develop spontaneous glioma, (ii) the canine brain structure is closer to human than mice, and (iii) domestic dogs are exposed to the same environmental factors than humans. Moreover, imaging techniques and radiation therapy used in human medicine can be applied to dogs, facilitating the direct transposition of results. The objective of this study is to fully characterize 5 canine glioma cell lines and to evaluate their intrinsic radiosensitivity. Canine cell lines present numerous analogies between the data obtained during this study on different glioma cell lines in dogs. Cell morphology is identical, such as doubling time, clonality test and karyotype. Immunohistochemical study of surface proteins, directly on cell lines and after stereotaxic injection in mice also reveals close similarity. Radiosensitivity profile of canine glial cells present high profile of radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cartiaux
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Deviers
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Delmas
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- IUCT-oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Abadie
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Laboniris, Nantes, France
| | - Martí Pumarola Battle
- Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan Moyal
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- IUCT-oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Giovanni Mogicato
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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José-López R. Chemotherapy for the treatment of intracranial glioma in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1273122. [PMID: 38026627 PMCID: PMC10643662 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1273122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the second most common primary brain tumor in dogs and although they are associated with a poor prognosis, limited data are available relating to the efficacy of standard therapeutic options such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Additionally, canine glioma is gaining relevance as a naturally occurring animal model that recapitulates human disease with fidelity. There is an intense comparative research drive to test new therapeutic approaches in dogs and assess if results translate efficiently into human clinical trials to improve the poor outcomes associated with the current standard-of-care. However, the paucity of data and controversy around most appropriate treatment for intracranial gliomas in dogs make comparisons among modalities troublesome. To further inform therapeutic decision-making, client discussion, and future studies evaluating treatment responses, the outcomes of 127 dogs with intracranial glioma, either presumed (n = 49) or histologically confirmed (n = 78), that received chemotherapy as leading or adjuvant treatment are reviewed here. This review highlights the status of current chemotherapeutic approaches to intracranial gliomas in dogs, most notably temozolomide and lomustine; areas of novel treatment currently in development, and difficulties to consensuate and compare different study observations. Finally, suggestions are made to facilitate evidence-based research in the field of canine glioma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto José-López
- Hamilton Specialist Referrals – IVC Evidensia, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
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Schrock MS, Zalenski AA, Tallman MM, Kollin L, Bratasz A, Weeks G, Miller MA, Sweeney CN, Pluhar GE, Olin MR, Kisseberth WC, Bentley RT, Dickinson PJ, York D, Webb A, Wang X, Moore S, Venere M, Summers MK. Establishment and characterization of two novel patient-derived lines from canine high-grade glioma. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:492-502. [PMID: 37254642 PMCID: PMC10524959 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High-grade glioma is an aggressive cancer that occurs naturally in pet dogs. Canine high-grade glioma (cHGG) is treated with radiation, chemotherapy or surgery, but has no curative treatment. Within the past eight years, there have been advances in our imaging and histopathology standards as well as genetic charactereization of cHGG. However, there are only three cHGG cell lines publicly available, all of which were derived from astrocytoma and established using methods involving expansion of tumour cells in vitro on plastic dishes. In order to provide more clinically relevant cell lines for studying cHGG in vitro, the goal of this study was to establish cHGG patient-derived lines, whereby cancer cells are expanded in vivo by injecting cells into immunocompromized laboratory mice. The cells are then harvested from mice and used for in vitro studies. This method is the standard in the human field and has been shown to minimize the acquisition of genetic alterations and gene expression changes from the original tumour. Through a multi-institutional collaboration, we describe our methods for establishing two novel cHGG patient-derived lines, Boo-HA and Mo-HO, from a high-grade astrocytoma and a high-grade oligodendroglioma, respectively. We compare our novel lines to G06-A, J3T-Bg, and SDT-3G (traditional cHGG cell lines) in terms of proliferation and sensitivity to radiation. We also perform whole genome sequencing and identify an NF1 truncating mutation in Mo-HO. We report the characterization and availability of these novel patient-derived lines for use by the veterinary community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan S Schrock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abigail A Zalenski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Miranda M Tallman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate, Program The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Luke Kollin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Bratasz
- Small Animal Imaging Core, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Griffin Weeks
- Small Animal Imaging Core, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Margaret A Miller
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Courtney N Sweeney
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - G Elizabeth Pluhar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael R Olin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - William C. Kisseberth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R Timothy Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Peter J Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniel York
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sarah Moore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Monica Venere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew K Summers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Survival Time after Surgical Debulking and Temozolomide Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Canine Intracranial Gliomas. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080427. [PMID: 36006342 PMCID: PMC9414206 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Infiltrative brain tumours are common in dogs. Although different treatments have been used, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combinations, guidelines for the most effective management are lacking. In this study, we report the effect of combining surgery and chemotherapy on the survival of 14 dogs with infiltrative gliomas. Four dogs were operated on two or three times to remove the tumors, and only one of these dogs died shortly after the second surgery. All tolerated the surgery with minimal or no deterioration, and all were euthanized between 6 months to 2 years after diagnosis due to tumour progression. To conclude, surgery and chemotherapy, although not curative, can prolong survival in dogs with infiltrative brain tumours. This information may help future research into the most appropriate treatment for this debilitating condition. Abstract Intracranial gliomas are associated with a poor prognosis, and the most appropriate treatment is yet to be defined. The objectives of this retrospective study are to report the time to progression and survival times of a group of dogs with histologically confirmed intracranial gliomas treated with surgical debulking and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. All cases treated in a single referral veterinary hospital from 2014 to 2021 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria comprised a histopathological diagnosis of intracranial glioma, adjunctive chemotherapy, and follow-up until death. Cases were excluded if the owner declined chemotherapy or there was insufficient follow-up information in the clinical records. Fourteen client-owned dogs were included with a median time to progression (MTP) of 156 days (95% CI 133–320 days) and median survival time (MST) of 240 days (95% CI 149–465 days). Temozolomide was the first-line adjuvant chemotherapy but changed to another chemotherapy agent (lomustine, toceranib phosphate, or melphalan) when tumour relapse was either suspected by clinical signs or confirmed by advanced imaging. Of the fourteen dogs, three underwent two surgical resections and one, three surgeries. Survival times (ST) were 241, 428, and 468 days for three dogs treated twice surgically and 780 days for the dog treated surgically three times. Survival times for dogs operated once was 181 days. One case was euthanized after developing aspiration pneumonia, and all other cases after progression of clinical signs due to suspected or confirmed tumour relapse. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy are well-tolerated options in dogs with intracranial gliomas in which surgery is a possibility and should be considered a potential treatment option. Repeated surgery may be considered for selected cases.
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Staudinger C, Meier V, Beckmann K, Körner M, Rohrer Bley C. Treatment of intracranial neoplasia in dogs using higher doses: A randomized controlled trial comparing a boosted to a conventional radiation protocol. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 36:1353-1364. [PMID: 35775129 PMCID: PMC9308416 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local progression of intracranial tumors can be the consequence of insufficient radiation dose delivered. Dose increases in the brain must be made carefully so as not to risk debilitating adverse effects such as radiation necrosis. HYPOTHESIS A new protocol with 10 × 4 Gy + 11% physical dose increase limited to the macroscopic tumor volume results in a clinically better outcome compared to a 10 × 4 Gy protocol. ANIMALS Fifty-seven client-owned dogs with primary intracranial neoplasia. METHODS Randomized controlled trial. Twenty-eight dogs were assigned to the control protocol (10 × 4 Gy) and 29 to the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) protocol with 4.45 Gy dose increase. Treatment groups were compared for outcome and signs of toxicity. RESULTS Mild, transient acute or early-delayed adverse radiation effects were observed in 5 dogs. Severe late adverse effects were not seen. Between the protocols, no significant differences were found for outcome (intention-to-treat analysis): overall time to progression (TTP) was 708 days (95% confidence interval (95% CI) [545,872]), in the control group it was 828 days (95% CI [401,1256]), and in the SIB group 627 days (95% CI [282,973]; P = .07). Median overall survival (OS) was 684 days (95% CI [516,853]), in the control group it was 724 days (95% CI [623,826]), and in the SIB group 557 days (95% CI [95,1020]; P = .47). None of the tested variables was prognostic in terms of outcome. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The dose escalation used with an 11% physical dose increase did not result in better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Staudinger
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Meier
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Beckmann
- Division of Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Körner
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Beneš V, Margoldová M, Bradáč O, Skalický P, Vlach D. Meningiomas in dogs. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:551. [PMID: 34877037 PMCID: PMC8645500 DOI: 10.25259/sni_675_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meningiomas and gliomas are the two most common types of human intracranial tumors. However, meningiomas are not exclusively human tumors and are often seen in dogs and cats. Methods To present meningioma surgery in dogs and compare the surgical possibilities, tumor location, and to show the differences between human and veterinary approaches to tumor profiling. Eleven dogs with meningiomas were treated surgically for 5 years. All tumors except one were resected radically (Simpson 2). Localization of tumors mirrored that of human meningiomas. Results Two dogs died in direct relation to surgery. One died 14 months after surgery due to tumor regrowth. Three dogs died of unrelated causes 10-36 months after tumor resection and five dogs are alive and tumor-free 2-42 months after surgery. Conclusion Radical surgery in dogs is as effective as in humans. Thus, we propose that it should be implemented as first-line treatment. The article is meant to please all those overly curious neurosurgeons in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Beneš
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Military University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Margoldová
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, VetPark Clinic, Brandys nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Bradáč
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Military University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skalický
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Military University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Vlach
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, VetPark Clinic, Brandys nad Labem, Czech Republic
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Walsh N, Carney PC, Streu S, Thompson M, Johnson PJ. Prevalence of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnoses and Correlation With Signalment and Presenting Complaint in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:768709. [PMID: 34869738 PMCID: PMC8637906 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.768709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was introduced, it has become increasingly available and technologically improved. Studies have documented the prevalence of specific pathologies, however no previous veterinary studies have investigated the prevalence and distribution of pathology across all MRIs performed at a single institution. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MRI-diagnosed brain lesions and correlate these to patient signalment and presenting complaint. Archived MRI brain scans from 805 dogs were reviewed retrospectively. One board-certified veterinary radiologist at the institution retrospectively evaluated all reports to determine the most clinically pertinent imaging diagnosis for each case. Breed, age, and presenting complaint were obtained from the medical record for each patient. The most common imaging diagnoses across all dogs reviewed were no significant findings (35.16%), asymmetric encephalopathy or meningoencephalopathy (19.75%), and extra-axial intracranial mass (11.18%). Age of dogs differed by diagnosis (p <0.0001), with the median age of dogs diagnosed with a brain mass being greater than that of dogs with no significant findings and dogs with asymmetric encephalopathy or meningoencephalopathy (both p <0.0083). In dogs presenting with seizures, the odds of a brain mass increased with each additional year of age [p <0.0001, odds ratio 1.26 (95% CI 1.16–1.37)], whereas the odds of no significant finding [p <0.0001, OR 0.87 (0.82–0.93)] decreased. Our findings provide overview information on the types of disease observed in the clinical population and allow us to detect correlations between imaging diagnoses, presenting complaints, and signalment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Walsh
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Patrick C Carney
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Shayna Streu
- University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Margret Thompson
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Philippa J Johnson
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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