1
|
Zhao X, Ying J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Li Z, Gu T, Liu S, Li Y, Liu B, Xin F, Wen B. In vitro digestive properties and the bioactive effect of walnut green husk on human gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1392774. [PMID: 39224223 PMCID: PMC11367867 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1392774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Walnut green husk (WGH) is a waste byproduct from walnut industry. However, it is not well-known about its bioactive effect on human gut health. Methods This study conducted in vitro digestion and fermentation experiments to study the bioactive effect of WGH. Results Microbial fermentation was the primary mechanism to efficiently release phenolics and flavonoids, resulting in more excellent antioxidant capacities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays), which reached a highest value with 14.82 ± 0.01 mg VcE/g DW, 3.47 ± 0.01 mmol TE/g DW, and 0.96 ± 0.07 mmol FeSO4·7H2O/g DW, respectively. The surface microstructure of WGH became loose and fragmented after microbial fermentation. The analytical results of gut microbiota demonstrated that WGH could significantly increase the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in phylum level and Phascolarctobacterium in genus level while certain pro-inflammatory bacteria (such as Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Dorea, Alistipes, and Bilophila) was inhibited. Additionally, 1,373 differential metabolites were identified and enriched in 283 KEGG pathways. Of which some metabolites were significantly upregulated including ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, umbelliferone, scopolin, muricholic acid, and so forth. Discussion These results indicated that WGH could have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the human gut, which could improve the economical value of WGH in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhao
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiabao Ying
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhuochen Wang
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yulu Wang
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Gu
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Liu
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengjiao Xin
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Product Processing and Nutritional Health, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Cangzhou, China
| | - Boting Wen
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Product Processing and Nutritional Health, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Cangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cervello M, Augello G, Cocco L, Ratti S, Follo MY, Martelli AM, Cusimano A, Montalto G, McCubrey JA. The potential of the nutraceutical berberine in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver diseases such as NAFLD and NASH. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 92:101032. [PMID: 38693042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2024.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer which unfortunately has poor outcomes. Common anti-cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy have not increased patient survival significantly. A common treatment for HCC patients is transplantation, however, it has limitations and complications. Novel approaches are necessary to more effectively treat HCC patients. Berberine (BBR) is a nutraceutical derived from various fruits and trees, which has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat various diseases such as diabetes and inflammation. More recently, the anti-proliferation effects of BBR have been investigated in the treatment of patients with various cancers, especially colorectal cancer, and in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this review, we will focus on studies with BBR in liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, PROMISE, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ionita-Radu F, Patoni C, Nancoff AS, Marin FS, Gaman L, Bucurica A, Socol C, Jinga M, Dutu M, Bucurica S. Berberine Effects in Pre-Fibrotic Stages of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Clinical and Pre-Clinical Overview and Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4201. [PMID: 38673787 PMCID: PMC11050387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the predominant cause of chronic liver conditions, and its progression is marked by evolution to non-alcoholic steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis related to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and the potential occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In our systematic review, we searched two databases, Medline (via Pubmed Central) and Scopus, from inception to 5 February 2024, and included 73 types of research (nine clinical studies and 64 pre-clinical studies) from 2854 published papers. Our extensive research highlights the impact of Berberine on NAFLD pathophysiology mechanisms, such as Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), gut dysbiosis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), Sirtuins, and inflammasome. Studies involving human subjects showed a measurable reduction of liver fat in addition to improved profiles of serum lipids and hepatic enzymes. While current drugs for NAFLD treatment are either scarce or still in development or launch phases, Berberine presents a promising profile. However, improvements in its formulation are necessary to enhance the bioavailability of this natural substance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Ionita-Radu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (F.I.-R.); (C.P.); (F.-S.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina Patoni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (F.I.-R.); (C.P.); (F.-S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Andreea Simona Nancoff
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Flavius-Stefan Marin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (F.I.-R.); (C.P.); (F.-S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Laura Gaman
- Department of Biochemistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana Bucurica
- Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Calin Socol
- Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (F.I.-R.); (C.P.); (F.-S.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Madalina Dutu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandica Bucurica
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (F.I.-R.); (C.P.); (F.-S.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li J, Ma Z, Yang Z, Yang M, Li C, Li M, Li X, Chen X, Ma H, Chen W, Ye X, Li X. Integrating transcriptomics and network pharmacology to reveal the mechanisms of total Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117600. [PMID: 38103844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has emerged as a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, posing a significant threat to public health. Rhizoma Coptidis, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb has been shown to have significant curative effects on liver diseases. Total Rhizoma Coptidis Alkaloids (TRCA) is a primarily alkaloid mixture extracted from Rhizoma Coptidis, and its constituents are widely accepted to have hepatoprotective effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aimed to investigate the efficacy and potential mechanisms of TRCA in ameliorating NASH through both in vitro experiments and in vivo mouse models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study employed a mice model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) to evaluate the effectiveness and pharmacological mechanisms of TRCA in alleviating NASH. Transcriptomic sequencing and network pharmacology were used to explore the possible targets and mechanisms of TRCA to ameliorate NASH. Further validation was performed in free fatty acid (FFA)-induced human hepatocytes (LO2) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). RESULTS TRCA effectively ameliorated the main features of NASH such as lipid accumulation, hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis in the liver tissue of mice induced by HFD, as well as improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in mice. Combined with transcriptomic and network pharmacological analyses, 68 core targets associated with the improvement of NASH by TRCA were obtained. According to the KEGG results, the core targets were significantly enriched in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway whereas TRCA ameliorated the aberrant down-regulation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway induced by HFD. Furthermore, the five highest-ranked genes were obtained by PPI network analysis. Moreover, our findings suggest that TRCA may impede the progression of HFD-induced NASH by regulating the expression of PPARG, MMP9, ALB, CCL2, and EGFR. CONCLUSIONS TRCA can ameliorate HFD-induced liver injury by modulating aberrant downregulation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Key proteins such as PPARG, MMP9, ALB, CCL2, and EGFR may be critical targets for TRCA to ameliorate NASH. This finding supports using Rhizoma Coptidis, a well-known herbal medicine, as a potential therapeutic agent for NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Zhengcai Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Maochun Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Changsheng Li
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Xiaoduo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Xiantao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Hang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Wanqun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400000, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Xuegang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|