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De Gregorio A, Vistocco D, Dellagiulia A. Attachment to Peers and Parents in Italian Catholic Seminarians: Associations with Identity and Well-Being. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:1114-1135. [PMID: 35881264 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By reference to a sample of 173 emerging adult seminarians in South Italy, this study evaluates the influence of attachment to one's parents and peers on identity development and well-being in seminarians. The statistical analysis (PLS-PM) reports that secure attachment to one's mother and secure attachment to a peer are positively associated with identity and well-being. No such association is found with attachment to one's father. Attachment to one's mother loses its association with identity during the shift from the freshmen to the senior group and is replaced by attachment with one's peers. Both attachment relationships lose their associations with well-being between these groups. Our results demonstrate that attachment to one's peers becomes the most relevant relationship, thus supporting this specific form of relationship among seminarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso De Gregorio
- Faculty of Education Science, Salesian Pontifical University, Piazza dell'Ateneo Salesiano, 1, Rome, Italy.
| | - Domenico Vistocco
- Department of Political Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Dellagiulia
- Faculty of Education Science, Salesian Pontifical University, Piazza dell'Ateneo Salesiano, 1, Rome, Italy
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Friendships, loneliness and psychological wellbeing in older adults: a limit to the benefit of the number of friends. AGEING & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x22000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Loneliness is linked to many negative health outcomes and places strain on the economy and the National Health Service in the United Kingdom. To combat these issues, the determinants of loneliness need to be fully understood. Although friendships have been shown to be particularly important in relation to loneliness in older adults, this association has thus far not been explored more closely. Our exploratory study examines the relationship between number of friends and loneliness, depression, anxiety and stress in older adults. Data were obtained from 335 older adults via completion of an online survey. Measures included loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3), depression, anxiety and stress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales DASS-21). Participants also reported their number of close friends. Regression analyses revealed an inverse curvilinear relationship between number of friends and each of the measures tested. Breakpoint analyses demonstrated a threshold for the effect of number of friends on each of the measures (loneliness = 4, depression = 2, anxiety = 3, stress = 2). The results suggest that there is a limit to the benefit of increasing the number of friends in older adults for each of these measures. The elucidation of these optimal thresholds can inform the practice of those involved in loneliness interventions for older adults. These interventions can become more targeted; focusing on either establishing four close friendships, increasing the emotional closeness of existing friendships or concentrating resources on other determinants of loneliness in this population.
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Coelho-Júnior HJ, Calvani R, Panza F, Allegri RF, Picca A, Marzetti E, Alves VP. Religiosity/Spirituality and Mental Health in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:877213. [PMID: 35646998 PMCID: PMC9133607 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.877213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study investigated the association between religious and spiritual (RS) practices with the prevalence, severity, and incidence of mental health problems in older adults. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that investigated older adults aged 60+ years and assessed RS using valid scales and questions from valid scales, and mental health according to validated multidimensional or specific instruments. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and AgeLine databases until July 31, 2021. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). A pooled effect size was calculated based on the log odds ratio (OR) and Z-scores. This study is registered on PROSPERO. Results One hundred and two studies that investigated 79.918 community-dwellers, hospitalized, and institutionalized older adults were included. Results indicated that high RS was negatively associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, while a positive association was observed with life satisfaction, meaning in life, social relations, and psychological well-being. Specifically, people with high spirituality, intrinsic religiosity, and religious affiliation had a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms. In relation to longitudinal analysis, most studies supported that high RS levels were associated with a lower incidence of depressive symptoms and fear of death, as well as better mental health status. Conclusion Findings of the present study suggest that RS are significantly associated with mental health in older adults. People with high RS levels had a lower prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as reported greater life satisfaction and psychological well-being, better social relations, and more definite meaning in life. Data provided by an increasing number of longitudinal studies have supported most of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Rome, Italy
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo F. Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad de la Costa (CUC), Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vicente Paulo Alves
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Patrick JH, Carney AK, Ebert AR. Religious and Spiritual Growth Goals: A Forgotten Outcome. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2021; 94:41-54. [PMID: 34409872 DOI: 10.1177/00914150211034852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Religious and spiritual (R/S) growth goals have been forgotten among self-improvement goals. We used social cognitive theory, useful in other domains of self-improvement, to study R/S goals. Data from 350 adults (Mage = 40.5, SD = 14.6) were used to examine the relations among age, gender, social interactions, and commitment to R/S goals and physical activity goals. Results of the path analysis, X2 (DF = 2, N = 350) = 9.91, p < .01, showed similar contributions of positive social interactions to persistence on both goals. Differences between the two outcomes included a direct effect of age (β = .18), dissatisfaction with negative social interactions (β = .12), and satisfaction with positive social exchanges (β = .15) on persistence on R/S goals. Only positive social exchanges (β = .31) related to physical activity goals. The results are discussed in terms of the feasibility of applying goal-striving frameworks to the examination of R/S growth goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandria R Ebert
- Department of Psychology, 5631West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Liu I, Huang YJ, Wang LK, Tsai YH, Hsu SL, Chang CJ, Li YH, Hsiao YC, Chen CY, Wann SR. Dual trajectories of loneliness and depression and their baseline correlates over a 14-year follow-up period in older adults: Results from a nationally representative sample in Taiwan. Int J Older People Nurs 2021; 16:e12410. [PMID: 34379889 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the codevelopment between loneliness and depression in older adults, and to identify its potential baseline individual, family and extrafamilial correlates. BACKGROUND The number of older adults around the world has steadily increased over the last decades. Later life is a particularly vulnerable life stage due to multiple unfavourable conditions, and mental health in this stage appears to become an inescapable issue. Previous research has found the cross-sectional association between loneliness and depression, but their codevelopment has been understudied. Therefore, exploring the codevelopment and its correlates has significant implications for prevention and healthcare professionals. DESIGN A longitudinal follow-up study. METHODS The study used nationally representative data over a 14-year follow-up period from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Ageing focused on Taiwanese aged 60 years and above (n = 4049). Group-based trajectory modelling, group-based dual-trajectory modelling and multinomial logistic regression were the primary analytical methods. RESULTS We identified three distinct dual trajectories of loneliness and depression: longitudinal low-frequency lonely depressed (29.3%), longitudinal moderate-frequency lonely depressed (59.4%) and longitudinal high-frequency lonely depressed (11.3%). After considering several demographic and background characteristics, difficulty in physical functioning, number of physical symptoms and diseases, sleep quality and number of child deaths were found to be significantly associated. CONCLUSION Across the three identified dual-trajectory groups, they all showed a stable loneliness frequency pattern over time; however, the moderate-frequency group and high-frequency group both had a trajectory of increasing depression. It seems that depression tends to change over time in a worsening direction, especially for those with a certain frequency of loneliness. Furthermore, differences in individual and family correlates were found across the groups. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Interventions focusing on the specific factors may help hinder coexisting loneliness and depression, and have implications for developing health promotion strategies and chronic disease care plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung Branch, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kai Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lun Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jui Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Li
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Hsiao
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuan Chen
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Biostatistics Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Research Institute and Centre for Global Child Health, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shue-Ren Wann
- Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung Branch, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Gall TL, Bilodeau C. Attachment to God and coping with the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer: a longitudinal study. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:2779-2788. [PMID: 31728644 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Religious/spiritual factors are important for some individuals in the context of life stress. To the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first to explore the role of women's attachment to God (anxious vs secure) in their adjustment to breast cancer. OBJECTIVE To explore the (1) pattern of change in women's attachment to God across time and (2) relationship between attachment to God and coping behaviors and depression. METHODS All English-speaking women who were scheduled to receive a core breast biopsy at a women's breast health center were eligible to participate in the study. Women were assessed on attachment to God, positive and negative coping, and depression at pre-diagnosis and 3, 6, and 12 months post-diagnosis. Women who received a benign diagnosis and those with a diagnosis of breast cancer participated in the study. RESULTS Attachment to God remained stable across time for both diagnostic groups (cancer, benign). Women from both groups who had a more anxious attachment to God utilized more avoidance coping and reported more depression at different points across time. Breast cancer patients with a more anxious attachment to God reported engaging in less acceptance coping post-diagnosis. Finally, the association between attachment to God and depression was partially mediated by avoidance coping at pre-diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that a more anxious attachment to God may contribute to negative patterns of adjustment while a secure attachment may help women remain more directly engaged in their coping with the threat of breast cancer and related diagnostic procedures. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE It is suggested that clinicians remain sensitive to and assess the role of spiritual beliefs in women's adjustment to the threat of breast cancer from pre-diagnosis up to 1 year post-diagnosis. In particular, women's belief in and experience of a secure or an anxious attachment with God or higher power may function as a potential resource or as an exacerbating factor, respectively, in their adjustment to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Lynn Gall
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Saint Paul University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Cynthia Bilodeau
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Saint Paul University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Kane MN, Jacobs RJ. Catholic Priests’ Beliefs of the Use of Power by Their Bishop. JOURNAL OF SPIRITUALITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2016.1274706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Kane
- School of Social Work, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
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Kane MN. The Taboo of Retirement for Diocesan Catholic Priests. THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2016; 70:123-127. [PMID: 27281759 DOI: 10.1177/1542305016635540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper considers Catholic priests in the USA and their freedom to retire, the constraints that may restrain them from retirement, and the financial and psychological variables that impact them in ministry and in future retirement. Implications for pastoral care and counseling are considered.
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Badr LK, Taha A, Dee V. Substance abuse In Middle Eastern adolescents living in two different countries: spiritual, cultural, family and personal factors. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2014; 53:1060-1074. [PMID: 23526183 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-013-9694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that the percentage of students using illicit substances by sixth grade has tripled over the last decade not only in developed countries but in developing countries as well probably due to the transition to a more Western society. Although much has been done to understand the mechanisms underlying substance abuse, few studies have been conducted with minority ethnic and religious groups such as Middle Eastern Youth. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether there are differences in factors contributing to substance abuse in adolescents from Lebanon versus the U.S.A. and to decipher the role of spirituality, religion, and culture among other factors that may influence substance abuse. A correlational cross-sectional design was used with adolescents living in two different countries: Los Angeles, California and Beirut, Lebanon. Muslim adolescents had significantly less rates of alcohol and substance use than Christians in both Lebanon and Los Angeles. More years lived in the U.S.A. increases the likelihood of abuse for both Muslims and Christians. Attachment to God and family was negatively associated with substance abuse. These results among others facilitate a better understanding of the influence of culture, religion, family and personal factors on substance abuse. Culturally sensitive interventions could benefit from the findings of this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Kurdahi Badr
- Azusa Pacific University, 701 East Foothill Blv., Box 7000, Azusa, CA, 91702, USA,
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Chou KL, Ng ISF, Yu KM. Lifetime abstention of sexual intercourse and health in middle-aged and older adults: results from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2014; 43:891-900. [PMID: 23982569 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-013-0176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association of lifetime abstention of sexual intercourse with lifetime Axis I and II psychiatric disorders, attempted suicide, past-year Axis I psychiatric disorder, past-year medical condition, past-year obesity, health-related quality of life, and health service use in middle-aged and older adults in the United States. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in the 2004-2005 Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Analyses were performed for the subsample aged 40 years and older (males = 14,427; female = 19,860). Lifetime abstinence from sexual intercourse, sociodemographic variables, prevalence of lifetime Axis I and II DSM-IV psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia, and attempted suicide, past-year Axis I psychiatric disorders, 14 medical conditions, obesity, health-related quality of life, and health service use were obtained. The prevalence of lifetime abstinence from sexual intercourse was 0.90 % (0.88 % for males; 1.00 % for females). The adjusted risks of any lifetime and past-year Axis I disorder, any lifetime and past-year substance-use disorders, lifetime alcohol-use disorder, lifetime and past-year alcohol-abuse disorder, lifetime nicotine dependence, lifetime drug-use disorder, and lifetime drug-abuse disorder were significantly lower for who abstained from sexual intercourse than for those who did not. However, those who abstained from sexual intercourse were more likely to have a diagnosis of obesity and lifetime avoidant and dependent personality disorders. The unadjusted risk of dysthymic disorder was also significantly greater for those who abstained from sexual intercourse. Results indicate that the effect of lifetime absence of sexual intercourse on psychiatric disorders is mixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Lee Chou
- Department of Asian and Policy Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, 10 Lo Ping Road, Hong Kong, China,
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Horton KD, Ellison CG, Loukas A, Downey DL, Barrett JB. Examining attachment to God and health risk-taking behaviors in college students. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2012; 51:552-566. [PMID: 20632208 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-010-9380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on insights from attachment theory, this study examined whether three types of attachment to God--secure, avoidant, and anxious--were associated with health-risk behaviors, over and above the effects of religious attendance, peer support, and demographic covariates, in a sample of 328 undergraduate college students. Contrary to prior theory, secure attachment to God is not inversely associated with recent alcohol or marijuana use, or substance use prior to last sexual intercourse. Instead, avoidant and anxious attachment to God are associated with higher levels of drinking; anxious attachment to God is associated with marijuana use; and avoidant attachment to God is associated with substance use prior to last sexual intercourse. These patterns are gender-specific; problematic attachment to God is linked with negative outcomes solely among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa D Horton
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Lavretsky H. Complementary and alternative medicine use for treatment and prevention of late-life mood and cognitive disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 5:61-78. [PMID: 19956796 DOI: 10.2217/1745509x.5.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Late-life mood disorders and cognitive aging are the most common reasons for using complementary and alternative therapies. The amount of rigorous scientific data to support the efficacy of complementary therapies in the treatment of depression or cognitive impairment is extremely limited. The areas with the most evidence for beneficial effects are exercise, herbal therapy (Hypericum perforatum), the use of fish oil, and, to a lesser extent, acupuncture and relaxation therapies. There is a need for further research involving randomized, controlled trials to investigate the efficacy of complementary and alternative therapies in the treatment of depression and cognitive impairment in late-life. This research may lead to the development of effective treatment and preventive approaches for these serious conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Lavretsky
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Tel.: +1 310 794 4619, ,
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