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Mills AH, Canning L, Fitzke RE, Davis JP, Clapp JD, Pedersen ER. Sexual Violence Victimization and Pregaming Protective Behavioral Strategies Among College Students. Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39138840 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2383975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual violence is a major public health concern that has a detrimental impact on mental health, physical health, and academic performance. College students represent a population that is at an increased risk of experiencing sexual violence. Alcohol use, and more specifically, heavy drinking during pregaming events, is associated with increased risk of sexual violence. Studies have demonstrated that protective behavioral strategies have effectively reduced heavy drinking and the risk of alcohol-related consequences, including sexual violence victimization. OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the association between experiences of sexual violence in college and subsequent use of pregaming protective strategies. RESULTS Data from 468 college students (67% female, 33% male) were analyzed. Over 42% of participants reported experiencing sexual violence in college. While adjusting for pregaming frequency and sex, results revealed that those who reported experiencing sexual violence in college were significantly less likely to use pregaming protective behavioral strategies compared to those without such experiences. Specifically, survivors of sexual violence were less likely to report using the protective behavioral strategies of minimizing intoxication, as well as behaviors related to safety and familiarity (e.g., using a designated driver after pregaming). CONCLUSIONS The findings have important implications for interventions aimed at empowering survivors of sexual violence. Future research should focus on understanding survivor's motives and mechanisms to use pregaming protective behavioral strategies to reduce the risk of re-victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Mills
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Liv Canning
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Reagan E Fitzke
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jordan P Davis
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John D Clapp
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric R Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Scaglione NM, Turrisi R, Sell NM, Mallett KA, Cleveland MJ. An Ecological Momentary Assessment of College Women's Decisions to Use Protective Behavioral Strategies. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP13291-NP13314. [PMID: 33823710 PMCID: PMC9502027 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211005143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) have been associated with reduced risk for sexual assault victimization in college women. Sexual assault risk reduction programs have had limited success increasing PBS use, particularly among heavy drinkers, suggesting a need for additional research on the malleable predictors of PBS use. Whereas longitudinal studies show women's decisions to use PBS can be both planned and reactive, little is known about the decision-making processes that affect PBS use on drinking days, when sexual assault risk may be elevated. The current study used ecological momentary assessment to examine variability in the associations between decision-making and PBS use within and across drinking days in first-semester college women. Participants (56 female drinkers) completed a 14-day protocol with three daily measures of intentions and willingness to use PBS, and once-daily diaries of PBS use. Multilevel models examined between-day and within-day effects of intentions and willingness to use PBS with regards to sexual assault PBS (e.g., communicating sexual boundaries) and drinking PBS (e.g., limiting alcohol consumption), respectively. On days when sexual assault PBS willingness increased throughout the day, women tended to use more sexual assault PBS. This association was strongest among women who were typically less willing to use these PBS. Among women who were the least willing to use drinking PBS, their drinking PBS use decreased on days when they reported increased willingness to use them. Decisions to use sexual assault and drinking PBS on drinking days were qualified by women's typical levels of willingness to use the different PBS. This suggests the need for a multi-faceted intervention strategy that targets both typical and event-level risk. Individual-level alcohol and sexual assault risk reduction approaches could be enhanced with event-level PBS messaging and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole M. Scaglione
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Nichole M. Sell
- Clinical & Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kimberly A. Mallett
- Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Lee E, Yang Y. Moderating the Effects of Health Behaviors on Sexual Intercourse among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the 2020 Adolescent Health Behavior Survey. J Korean Acad Nurs 2022; 52:499-510. [DOI: 10.4040/jkan.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Lee
- College of Nursing, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Youngran Yang
- College of Nursing · Research Institute of Nursing Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Kramer MP, Peterson R, Willis EA, Leary AV, Magri T, Cora JL, Dvorak RD. Psychopathy and Protective Behavioral Strategies: PBS Mediates the Relationships between Primary and Secondary Psychopathy and Alcohol Consumption and Problems. Psychiatry 2022; 85:293-307. [PMID: 35349398 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2022.2052557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The most common conceptualization of psychopathy is a two-factor model of primary psychopathy and secondary psychopathy. Primary psychopathy consists of interpersonally abusive behavior, and callousness. Secondary psychopathy includes impulsive and risky decision making. Past research has found that psychopathy is related to negative outcomes, including increased alcohol consumption and problems, and is inversely related to harm reduction behaviors. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS), behaviors designed to reduce alcohol consumption and associated problems, may mediate the relationship between psychopathy and alcohol pathology. The current study examined the relationship between psychopathy, each subtype of PBS use (serious harm reduction (SHR), manner of drinking (MD) and stopping/limiting drinking (SLD)), alcohol consumption, and alcohol problems.Method: Participants were n = 967 (61.22% female) college students. Participants completed measures assessing psychopathy, PBS use, alcohol consumption, and alcohol problems. A path analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between psychopathy, subtypes of PBS, and alcohol consumption and problems.Results: Results indicated an inverse relationship between primary psychopathy and both SHR PBS and MD PBS, while secondary psychopathy was inversely associated with all three PBS subtypes. SHR PBS was inversely associated with alcohol problems while MD PBS was inversely associated with alcohol consumption.Conclusion: These findings suggest specific PBS subtypes mediate the relationship between primary and secondary psychopathy and alcohol consumption and problems. It may be clinically pertinent to consider targeting PBS use, such as with motivational interviewing, when working with patients exhibiting psychopathy traits. Future research should consider these findings when examining alcohol use.
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Demarchi S, Tomas F, Fanton L. False Rape Allegation and Regret: A Theoretical Model Based on Cognitive Dissonance. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:2067-2083. [PMID: 33398704 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a model illustrating how regretful consensual intercourse may lead to false rape allegations (FRA). An intrapersonal perspective of regret based on cognitive dissonance is added to the interpersonal factors already mentioned in the literature. The intrapersonal perspective is discussed in terms of the reduction of a state of cognitive dissonance induced by the gap between social norms and the shamefully perceived behavior. First, we start with the review of the different motives that may lead to a FRA, insisting on regret caused by cognitive dissonance. We then develop the emergence of regret from a state of cognitive dissonance. Second, we describe the means used to build the model: a literature review, an extraction of the factors at play in regret-based FRA, a chronological structure of the various factors, as some are necessarily the source of others. We then build the model. Third, we illustrate how the model could encompass many possible and usual scenarios. Thirteen plausible scenarios were developed to show the relevance of the model. Finally, we comment and discuss the model for future research and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Demarchi
- Human and Artificial Cognition Research Center (CHArt, EA4004), Psychology Department, Paris 8 University, Saint-Denis, France.
| | - Frédéric Tomas
- Human and Artificial Cognition Research Center (CHArt, EA4004), Psychology Department, Paris 8 University, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Laurent Fanton
- Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Forensic Medicine Service, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Ford JV, Choi J, Walsh K, Wall M, Mellins CA, Reardon L, Santelli J, Hirsch JS, Wilson PA. Using a Daily Diary Approach to Examine Substance Use and Negative Sexual Experiences Among College Students. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:277-287. [PMID: 32394112 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article examined substance use and sexual behavior by conducting an analysis of college students' reported behaviors using a daily diary approach. By isolating particular sexual events across a 2-month period, we examined situational predictors of engagement in sex and of negative sexual experiences (coerced sex and/or sex that lacks perceived control) for college men and women. Data come from the daily diary sub-study of the Sexual Health Initiative to Foster Transformation. These data include 60 days of daily responses from 420 undergraduates at one New York City institution. This was a relatively diverse sample comprised of 49% women, 28% identifying as non-heterosexual, 60% non-white, and a roughly equal number of college freshman, sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Analyses examined the effects of alcohol use, binge drinking, marijuana use, and other drug use on sexual experiences. Between-person and within-person substance uses were related to an increased likelihood of having at least one sexual encounter during the study period. After adjusting for each participants' average substance use, both the number of alcoholic drinks consumed (AOR 1.13 (1.05-1.21)) and binge drinking scores (AOR 2.04 (1.10-3.79)) increased the likelihood of negative sex. Interaction analyses showed that compared to men, women were more likely to use alcohol and marijuana prior to sexual encounters. Given that sex and substance use are co-occurring, current prevention approaches should be paired with strategies that attempt to prevent negative sexual experiences, including sexual assault, more directly. These include consent education, bystander training, augmentation of sexual refusal skills, and structural change. Efforts promoting increased sex positivity might also help make all students, and women in particular, less likely to use substances in order to facilitate sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie V Ford
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168 St., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Jean Choi
- Mental Health Data Science, Departments of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate Walsh
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie Wall
- Mental Health Data Science, Departments of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claude Ann Mellins
- Division of Gender, Sexuality and Health, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leigh Reardon
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168 St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - John Santelli
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer S Hirsch
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168 St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Patrick A Wilson
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168 St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Miller CM, Whitley RB, Scully KA, Madson MB, Zeigler-Hill V. Protective behavioral strategies and alcohol-related outcomes: The moderating effects of drinking refusal self-efficacy and sex. Addict Behav 2019; 99:106110. [PMID: 31480010 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of drinking refusal self-efficacy and alcohol protective behavioral strategies (PBSA) has revealed inconsistent results. Sex may be one factor that plays a role in these results given the demonstrable differences between the alcohol use behaviors of men and women. The current study examined the moderating effects of drinking refusal self-efficacy and sex on the relationships that PBSA subtypes have with alcohol outcomes for traditional age undergraduate students (18-25 years of age; 81% women; 60% White). Results showed negative associations between manner of drinking PBSA and alcohol consumption for individuals with high levels of drinking refusal self-efficacy but not low levels of drinking refusal self-efficacy. However, manner of drinking PBSA was positively associated with alcohol-related negative consequences for men but not for women. Results also showed negative associations between stopping and limiting drinking PBSA and alcohol related negative consequences for individuals with high levels of drinking refusal self-efficacy but not low levels of drinking refusal self-efficacy. It appears that addressing drinking refusal self-efficacy within the context of PBSA is valuable for traditional college students.
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Jordan HR, Madson MB, Nicholson BC, Bravo AJ, Pearson MR. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and problematic alcohol use in college students: The moderating role of alcohol protective behavioral strategies and gender. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2018; 11:247-255. [PMID: 30346206 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the moderating role of alcohol protective behavioral strategy subtypes (alcohol PBS; serious harm reduction, manner of drinking, limiting/stopping drinking) and gender on the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and alcohol-related negative consequences. METHOD Participants were 2,138 traditional college students (i.e., age between 18 and 25 years old) recruited from 10 universities in the United States who reported drinking in the past month. All participants reported their gender and completed measures of PTSD symptoms, alcohol PBS use, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related negative consequences through an online survey. RESULTS Experiencing greater PTSD symptoms was associated with increased alcohol-related negative consequences and all alcohol PBS subtypes were independently associated with fewer alcohol-related negative consequences. Gender had a moderating effect such that the relationship between manner of drinking and alcohol-related negative consequences was weaker among men. Further, we found significant three-way interactions such that the associations between PTSD symptoms and alcohol-related negative consequences were weaker at higher levels of serious harm reduction and limiting/stopping drinking, but only among women. CONCLUSIONS Although alcohol PBS appear beneficial for all college student drinkers, these findings highlight the additional protective value of certain alcohol PBS for college women experiencing PTSD symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie R Jordan
- School of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi
| | | | | | - Adrian J Bravo
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico
| | - Matthew R Pearson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico
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Behavioral Economic Predictors of Alcohol and Sexual Risk Behavior in College Drinkers. PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40732-017-0239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cottonham DP, Madson MB, Nicholson BC, Mohn RS. Harmful alcohol use and alcohol-related sex expectancies as predictors of risky sex among african american female college drinkers. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2017; 17:389-400. [PMID: 28166487 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2016.1255580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
African American college women are experiencing sex-related negative consequences at alarming rates. Alcohol use and alcohol-related sex expectancies are predictors of risky sexual behavior among college women; however, African American college women are often underrepresented in empirical studies. The purpose of the present study was to examine the link between alcohol-related sex expectancies (i.e., enhancement, sexual risk taking, and disinhibition expectancies), alcohol use, and risky sexual behavior among a sample of 222 sexually active African American female college drinkers. Participants completed measures assessing alcohol-related sex expectancies, typical weekly drinking, harmful alcohol use, and risky sexual behavior. Results indicated that combined sexual risk taking and disinhibition alcohol-related sex expectancies predicted both typical weekly drinking and harmful alcohol use. In addition, enhancement alcohol-related sex expectancies and harmful alcohol use predicted risky sexual behavior; however, typical weekly drinking did not. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael B Madson
- a The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg , Mississippi
| | | | - Richard S Mohn
- a The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg , Mississippi
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11
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Osberg TM, Boyer A. Dangerous Beliefs: College Alcohol Beliefs Are Associated With Increased Risk of Regretted Sexual Encounters. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:1555-1565. [PMID: 27459396 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1188953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the relative impact of college alcohol beliefs (CABs; i.e., the extent to which the student views alcohol as part of the fabric of college life), descriptive norms, injunctive norms, positive alcohol expectancies, and sensation seeking on college students' (N = 415) risk for engaging in regretted sexual encounters (RSE). Overall, 12% of our sample reported having experienced RSE within the past 30 days. When pitted against the other traditional predictors of college student drinking and its consequences, such as positive alcohol expectancies, descriptive and injunctive norms, and sensation seeking, CABs emerged as the strongest correlate of RSE other than drinking itself, and explained significant additional variance in RSE beyond these other predictors. Mediation analyses revealed that CABs had a significant indirect effect on RSE through typical weekly drinking. This pattern of findings indicates that college alcohol beliefs are, from a public health perspective, dangerous beliefs, that warrant serious consideration in the development of new approaches to college student drinking and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Osberg
- a Department of Psychology , Niagara University , Niagara University , New York , USA
| | - Amber Boyer
- a Department of Psychology , Niagara University , Niagara University , New York , USA
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12
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Landry AS, Moorer KD, Madson MB, Zeigler-Hill V. Protective Behavioral Strategies and Alcohol Use Outcomes Among College Women Drinkers: Does Disordered Eating and Race Moderate This Association? JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2015; 44:95-115. [PMID: 25725019 DOI: 10.1177/0047237915573525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the degree to which associations that protective behavioral strategy use had with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related negative consequences were moderated by disordered eating and race. Participants were 382 female undergraduates (ages 18-25) who had consumed alcohol at least once within the previous month. Participants completed online self-report measures concerning their use of protective behavioral strategies, disordered eating, weekly alcohol consumption, harmful drinking patterns, and alcohol-related negative consequences. White non-Hispanic women who used the fewest protective behavioral strategies reported the highest levels of alcohol consumption and harmful drinking patterns. Protective behavioral strategy use was associated with lower levels of alcohol-related negative consequences except for African American women with low levels of disordered eating behaviors. For interventions targeting drinking among college women, disordered eating behaviors may increase risky behaviors and qualify relationships between protective behavioral strategies and alcohol-related negative consequences. Thus, assessment of disordered eating behavior as part of drinking interventions may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S Landry
- The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Kayla D Moorer
- The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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