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do Nascimento JM, Brito SV, Teixeira AAM, Frederico RG, Rodrigues AA, do Nascimento Sousa Filho JG, da Cunha IAL. Potential distribution modelling for Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in South America. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:227. [PMID: 38814495 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The species Haemonchus contortus occurs in many regions worldwide, mainly parasitising small ruminants and economically impacting animal production. Climate change is considered a driving force for the risk of diseases caused by helminths and can also affect relationships between parasites and their hosts, with the potential to cause losses in both animal production and biodiversity in general. The aim of this study was to model the potential distribution of H. contortus in South America. We used MaxEnt to perform the analyses and describe the contribution of important bioclimatic variables involved in the species distribution. Our results show that H. contortus colonised most of the areas with habitats that suit the species' environmental requirements and that this parasite presents habitat suitability in a future scenario. Understanding the effects of climate change on the occurrence and distribution of parasite species is essential for monitoring these pathogens, in addition to predicting the areas that tend to present future parasite outbreaks and identify opportunities to mitigate the impacts of the emergence of diseases caused by these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Marques do Nascimento
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal-BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Vieira Brito
- Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Br 222, Km 04 Boa Vista, Chapadinha, S/N MA, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Adonias Aphoena Martins Teixeira
- Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Br 222, Km 04 Boa Vista, Chapadinha, S/N MA, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Guimarães Frederico
- Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Br 222, Km 04 Boa Vista, Chapadinha, S/N MA, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Arlan Araujo Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia BR 079, Km 12, Areia, Paraíba, 58397-000, Brazil
| | - José Gracione do Nascimento Sousa Filho
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal-BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal-BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Br 222, Km 04 Boa Vista, Chapadinha, S/N MA, 65500-000, Brazil
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Céspedes-Gutiérrez E, Aragón-Novoa DM, Gómez-Álvarez MI, Cortés-Rojas DF. In vitro evaluation of physicochemical variables on the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:547-556. [PMID: 33852161 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Duddingtonia flagrans is a biological alternative to the use of anthelmintic drugs in ruminants. This fungus must be ingested by the animal, pass through the cavities of the digestive tract and reach the feces where it develops traps that capture the nematodes. The severe conditions encountered in this process negatively affect the fungus, which is reflected in the low recovery rates compared to the amount administered. The aim of this study was to evaluate independently the in vitro effect of typical physical and chemical conditions of the gastrointestinal cavities of ruminants on the concentration, viability, and the in vitro nematode predatory ability of the chlamydospores of D. flagrans. The factors evaluated individually were pH (2, 6, and 8), temperature (28 ± 2°C and 39 ± 2°C), exposure to artificial saliva, and milling. The results showed that the concentration and viability of D. flagrans were not affected by the action of pH, temperature, milling, or exposure to artificial saliva. Regarding the in vitro nematode predatory ability, a reduction was observed after the milling process and the exposure for 24 h at different pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martha I Gómez-Álvarez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Headquarters, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Diego F Cortés-Rojas
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Headquarters, Mosquera, Colombia
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Chaparro JJ, Ramírez NF, Villar D, Fernandez JA, Londoño J, Arbeláez C, López L, Aristizabal M, Badel J, Palacio LG, Olivera M. Survey of gastrointestinal parasites, liver flukes and lungworm in feces from dairy cattle in the high tropics of Antioquia, Colombia. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2016; 1:124-130. [PMID: 29988219 PMCID: PMC5991858 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and intensity of parasitic infections in dairy cattle in the high tropics of Colombia. A total of 1003 rectal samples were collected from dairy cows at 29 farms between May and June 2014 to represent the number of farms, age groups, and size of the 65,000-cow population in the municipality of San Pedro de los Milagros. Coprological techniques were used to detect gastrointestinal nematodes, liver flukes, coccidian oocysts, and first larval stage counts of Dictyocaulus viviparus. In order of decreasing prevalence, the following parasites were detected: coccidial oocyst (36.7%; 95% CIs, 31.6–42.7), strongyle nematodes (31.6%, 27.8–35.4), liver flukes (30.9%, 21.5–37.5), cestodes (8.4%, 7.1–9.7), and D. viviparus (5.4%, 3.4–7.5). Co-infections by all possible combinations of the three most predominant groups occurred in 11 to 15% of the animals. There were significant differences in infection rates between age groups, with higher risk of liver fluke infection in animals older than 1 year of age (odds ratio (OR) = 3.2), but lower presence for coccidia and strongyles (OR = 0.19 and 0.51, respectively). For Fasciola hepatica, within-herd prevalences of > 25% in 16 farms and 94 of 281 (33.5%) animals with > 5 eggs per gram (epg) indicate that significant production losses are likely occurring. The variation in the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and liver flukes, together with the level of infection among age groups, could be used in integrated management programs to establish selective anthelmintic treatments and select for heritable traits of host resistance. These results serve as a baseline for future studies to determine the success of control measures and should increase awareness that subclinical parasitism is widespread in the livestock sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny J Chaparro
- Grupo Vericel, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nicolás F Ramírez
- Grupo Centauro, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David Villar
- Grupo Vericel, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge A Fernandez
- Grupo Centauro, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julián Londoño
- Vecol, Empresa Colombiana de Productos Veterinarios S.A., Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camila Arbeláez
- Grupo Vericel, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Laura López
- Grupo Vericel, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mónica Aristizabal
- Grupo Vericel, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jaime Badel
- Investigador de Skandha EIT S.A.S., Colombia
| | - Luis G Palacio
- Grupo Centauro, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Martha Olivera
- Grupo Biogénesis, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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Effect of Moxidectin Treatment at Peripartum on Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections in Ewes Raised under Tropical Andes High Altitude Conditions. Vet Med Int 2015; 2015:932080. [PMID: 26078913 PMCID: PMC4442306 DOI: 10.1155/2015/932080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the impact of moxidectin at peripartum on nematode fecal egg count (FEC) and clinical parameters on ewes in the high altitude tropical Andes of Colombia. FEC and clinical evaluations were performed on 9 occasions in 43 naturally infected ewes before and during gestation and after lambing. Moxidectin (Mox, 200 µg kg(-1)) was applied at late pregnancy (T 1, n = 15) or 48 hours after parturition (T 2, n = 14). 14 untreated ewes served as controls (C). Suckling lambs (n = 58) remained untreated and underwent four clinical and parasitological evaluations until 8 weeks after birth. Mox efficacy equaled 99.3% (T 1) and 96.9% (T 2). Highest mean FEC value reflecting periparturient nematode egg rise (PPER) was recorded in C ewes at 4-6 weeks after lambing. Significant FEC reductions were found in T 1 (94.8%) and T 2 (96.7%) ewes (p < 0.05). All lambs showed a significant and ewes-group independent increase in FEC before weaning (p < 0.05). Clinical parameters (anemia and diarrhea) showed time- and treatment-related differences (p < 0.05). Monitoring of FEC and clinical parameters linked to gastrointestinal parasite infections allowed demonstrating that postpartum or preweaning are two critical periods to nematode infection for sheep raised under tropical Andes high altitude conditions. Use of Mox as anthelmintic treatment prevented PPER.
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Suarez VH, Cristel SL. Risk factors for anthelmintic resistance development in cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in Argentina. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2014; 23:129-35. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612014045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Risk factors for anthelmintic resistance (AR) on bovine ranches were studied. Data were derived from a survey made to 50 ranch owners, who had conducted a faecal egg-count-reduction test. The questionnaire contained descriptors of bovine ranch management and nematode control. A case-control design study was undertaken and AR cases were present in 26 herds. Associations between the binary outcome variable (AR versus not AR) and risk factors recorded in the questionnaire were evaluated. Variables associated with the presence of AR at P< 0.15 and/or odds ratio (OR) > 2 were subjected to a multivariable logistic regression model. The main effects contributing to general AR (avermectin AVM and/or benzimidazole) in the final model were total number of annual treatments (OR 7.68; 95% CI 2.4 to 28.3) and use of more than 75% of AVM in the past (OR= 18.6; 95% CI 1.3 to 97.3), whereas for AVM resistance alone were total number of AVM annual treatments (OR= 11.5; 95% CI 2.9 to 45.5) and number of AVM Nov-Jan treatments (OR= 5.8; 95% CI 1.71 to 47.9). The results showed that treatment frequency, date of treatment and frequency of treatment in the past with a single drug were the main risk factors involved in AR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Humberto Suarez
- Unidad de Salud Animal Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta, INTA, Cerrillos, Argentina
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