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García-Álvarez JM, García-Sánchez A. Readability and Comprehension of Anesthesia Informed Consent Forms in a Spanish County Hospital: An Observational Study. NURSING REPORTS 2024; 14:1338-1352. [PMID: 38921711 PMCID: PMC11206610 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The wording of informed consent forms could hinder their comprehension and hinder patients' autonomous choice. The objective of this study was to analyze the readability and comprehension of anesthesia informed consent forms in a Spanish county hospital. (2) Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out on patients who were going to undergo anesthetic techniques. The readability of the forms was analyzed using the INFLESZ tool and their subjective comprehension using an ad hoc questionnaire. (3) Results: The analyzed forms presented a "somewhat difficult" legibility. A total of 44.2% of the patients decided not to read the form, mainly because they had previously undergone surgery with the same anesthetic technique. The language used in the forms was considered inadequate by 49.5% of the patients and 53.3% did not comprehend it in its entirety. A statistically significant negative correlation of age and INFLESZ readability score with the overall questionnaire score was found. A statistically significant association was observed as a function of age and educational level with the different criteria of the questionnaire. (4) Conclusions: The anesthesia informed consent forms presented low readability with limited comprehension. It would be necessary to improve their wording to favor comprehension and to guarantee patients' freedom of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso García-Sánchez
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
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2
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García-Álvarez JM, García-Sánchez A. Nursing Roles in the Quality of Information in Informed Consent Forms of a Spanish County Hospital. NURSING REPORTS 2024; 14:89-98. [PMID: 38251186 PMCID: PMC10801623 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Because of their direct and continuous contact with the patient, nurses play a relevant role in ensuring that informed consent forms are complete and easy to read and comprehend. The objective of this study was to analyze the legibility and formal quality of informed consent forms for non-surgical procedures in a county hospital. (2) Methods: The readability of these forms was analyzed using the INFLESZ scale and the information they provided according to the formal quality criteria established for these forms. (3) Results: Readability was difficult in 78.08% of the forms analyzed. No form fulfilled all the criteria, the most non-compliant being the non-appearance of the verification of delivery of a copy to the patient (100%), the contraindications (94.59%), and the alternatives (83.78%) of the procedure. Statistically significant differences were observed between disciplines with respect to the INFLESZ readability score and the formal quality score, but no statistically significant correlation was found between the two scores. (4) Conclusions: The informed consent forms for non-surgical procedures analyzed presented mostly difficult readability and poor formal quality, making it difficult for patients to have understandable and complete information. Nursing professionals should be actively involved in their improvement to facilitate patient decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso García-Sánchez
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
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3
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Ji Y, Zhang L. Intervention Effect of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Based on Empowerment Theory on Loneliness in Obese Children. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 52:1692-1700. [PMID: 37744551 PMCID: PMC10512134 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v52i8.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity, one of the independent risk factors affecting children's physical and mental health, has become a serious public health problem in the 21st century. Given physical anxiety and other psychological factors, obese children experience negative impact on their mental health and intellectual development from their loneliness, unwillingness to communicate with others, and lack of peer interaction. Therefore, exploring an effective psychological intervention model that can relieve loneliness in obese children is necessary. Methods From February to October 2022, a quasi-experimental study was conducted on obese children recruited from communities in Harbin, China. The children recruited were evaluated with the UCLA Loneliness Scale. According to the evaluation results, one hundred and five children were selected and randomly divided into experiment group (52) and control group (53). The experiment group was given an eight-week solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) intervention based on empowerment theory. The control and experiment groups were measured and compared before and after the intervention. Results The loneliness score of the experiment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.001). The self-efficacy score of the experiment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.001). The subjective well-being score of the experiment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion SFBT intervention based on empowerment theory has an effective intervention effect on loneliness in obese children and can improve their subjective well-being and self-efficacy. The results of this study provide a new perspective for the intervention on psychological problems in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Ji
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
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4
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Pedretti RFE, Hansen D, Ambrosetti M, Back M, Berger T, Ferreira MC, Cornelissen V, Davos CH, Doehner W, de Pablo Y Zarzosa C, Frederix I, Greco A, Kurpas D, Michal M, Osto E, Pedersen SS, Salvador RE, Simonenko M, Steca P, Thompson DR, Wilhelm M, Abreu A. How to optimize the adherence to a guideline-directed medical therapy in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases: a clinical consensus statement from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:149-166. [PMID: 36098041 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A key factor to successful secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is optimal patient adherence to treatment. However, unsatisfactory rates of adherence to treatment for CVD risk factors and CVD have been observed consistently over the last few decades. Hence, achieving optimal adherence to lifestyle measures and guideline-directed medical therapy in secondary prevention and rehabilitation is a great challenge to many healthcare professionals. Therefore, in this European Association of Preventive Cardiology clinical consensus document, a modern reappraisal of the adherence to optimal treatment is provided, together with simple, practical, and feasible suggestions to achieve this goal in the clinical setting, focusing on evidence-based concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Hansen
- REVAL/BIOMED, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Marco Ambrosetti
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, ASST Crema, Santa Marta Hospital, Rivolta D'Adda, Italy
| | - Maria Back
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Berger
- Cardiomed Linz, St.John of God Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Mariana Cordeiro Ferreira
- Psychologist, Centro de Reabilitação Cardiovascular do Centro Universitário Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal
| | | | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology (Virchow Klinikum), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and German, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ines Frederix
- Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital Hasselt Belgium, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences Diepenbeek Belgium, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Antwerp Belgium, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Andrea Greco
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Donata Kurpas
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Matthias Michal
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry & Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University & University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne S Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Maria Simonenko
- Heart Transplantation Outpatient Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Research Department, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Patrizia Steca
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - David R Thompson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Matthias Wilhelm
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ana Abreu
- Department of Cardiology of Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Institute of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Environmental Health of the Faculty of Medicine of University of Lisbon, Centre of Cardiovascular Investigation of University of Lisbon (CCUL) and Academic Centre of Medicine of University of Lisbon (CAML), Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Sergeeva AV. Why developers matter: The case of patient portals. Health Informatics J 2023; 29:14604582231152780. [PMID: 36692373 DOI: 10.1177/14604582231152780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Existing studies on patient data portals are informative with respect to the patient and physician perspectives, yet relatively little attention has been paid to the role of developers. This case study focuses on how developers view the meaning and purpose of patient portals and how their perspective differs from that of physicians. The findings show that developers and physicians have different views on whether and how the portals can help achieve transparency, efficiency, and patient empowerment. This misalignment emerges because each group makes sense of the portal through a different frame of how they see patient data, medical work, and patient behavior. The study also finds that developers cope with the frame differences by engaging in practices of coproducing, bypassing, and reframing. The implication of the study is that technological frame analysis needs to incorporate the growing complexity and institutional character of modern technology, the diversity of target groups it serves, and their corresponding frames. The study also suggests that developers, instead of being seen as mere operational IT support, may need to be seen as strategically important actor groups for healthcare organizations-since their practices matter for the strategic agenda of transforming healthcare into a more patient-centric practice.
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6
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García-Álvarez JM, Díaz-Agea JL, Suárez-Cortés M, Molina-Rodríguez A, Jiménez-Ruiz I, García-Sánchez A. Formal Quality and Compliance of Informed Consent Forms in Critical Care and Surgical Areas in Spain: An Observational Study. NURSING REPORTS 2022; 13:43-50. [PMID: 36648978 PMCID: PMC9844487 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The informed consent form must contain all the relevant information about the procedure to be performed to guarantee the patient's freedom to choose. (2) Objective: To analyze the formal quality of, and compliance with informed consent forms in critical care and surgical areas in a county hospital in Spain. (3) Methods: The formal quality of informed consent forms in critical care and surgical areas from the hospital were analyzed, following the established formal quality criteria for informed consent forms. The compliance with specific criteria for each of the operated patients during the period of study was also evaluated. (4) Results: The formal quality of 224 informed consent forms was analyzed from 8 disciplines observing a median of non-compliances of 4 with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 5, with the most breaches being in verifying the delivery of a copy to the patient and showing contraindications. The compliance of 376 documents from 188 operated patients were assessed, highlighting that the non-complied items were: the personalized risks and complete identification of the patient and the physician. A significant association was found between disciplines analyzed and the identification of the physician and personalized risks, with anesthesia and critical care showing the best compliance. (4) Conclusions: The informed consent forms in critical care and surgical areas were shown to have a deficient formal quality and an inadequate compliance. These deficiencies should be corrected to improve the information received by the patients and to guarantee their freedom to choose. As nurses have a responsibility to ensure that patients are adequately informed about both nursing interventions and care, as well as the surgical treatments they receive, consideration should be given to the possibility of nursing professionals taking the lead in obtaining informed consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-Álvarez
- Health Sciences PhD Program, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Campus de los Jerónimos nº135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Díaz-Agea
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Edificio LAIB/DEPARTAMENTAL, El Palmar-Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María Suárez-Cortés
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Edificio LAIB/DEPARTAMENTAL, El Palmar-Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alonso Molina-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Edificio LAIB/DEPARTAMENTAL, El Palmar-Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ismael Jiménez-Ruiz
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Edificio LAIB/DEPARTAMENTAL, El Palmar-Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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7
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Zhou Z, Jin X, Hsu C, Tang Z. User empowerment and
well‐being
with
mHealth
apps during pandemics: A
mix‐methods
investigation in China. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/asi.24695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyun Zhou
- School of Economics and Management Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Xiao‐Ling Jin
- Management School Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Carol Hsu
- Discipline of Business Information Systems University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Zhenya Tang
- Monfort College of Business University of Northern Colorado Greeley Colorado USA
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8
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Karni L, Jusufi I, Nyholm D, Klein GO, Memedi M. Toward Improved Treatment and Empowerment of Individuals With Parkinson Disease: Design and Evaluation of an Internet of Things System. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e31485. [PMID: 35679097 PMCID: PMC9227793 DOI: 10.2196/31485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic degenerative disorder that causes progressive neurological deterioration with profound effects on the affected individual’s quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve patient empowerment and clinical decision support in PD care. Home-based disease monitoring is an emerging information technology with the potential to transform the care of patients with chronic illnesses. Its acceptance and role in PD care need to be elucidated both among patients and caregivers.
Objective
Our main objective was to develop a novel home-based monitoring system (named EMPARK) with patient and clinician interface to improve patient empowerment and clinical care in PD.
Methods
We used elements of design science research and user-centered design for requirement elicitation and subsequent information and communications technology (ICT) development. Functionalities of the interfaces were the subject of user-centric multistep evaluation complemented by semantic analysis of the recorded end-user reactions. The ICT structure of EMPARK was evaluated using the ICT for patient empowerment model.
Results
Software and hardware system architecture for the collection and calculation of relevant parameters of disease management via home monitoring were established. Here, we describe the patient interface and the functional characteristics and evaluation of a novel clinician interface. In accordance with our previous findings with regard to the patient interface, our current results indicate an overall high utility and user acceptance of the clinician interface. Special characteristics of EMPARK in key areas of interest emerged from end-user evaluations, with clear potential for future system development and deployment in daily clinical practice. Evaluation through the principles of ICT for patient empowerment model, along with prior findings from patient interface evaluation, suggests that EMPARK has the potential to empower patients with PD.
Conclusions
The EMPARK system is a novel home monitoring system for providing patients with PD and the care team with feedback on longitudinal disease activities. User-centric development and evaluation of the system indicated high user acceptance and usability. The EMPARK infrastructure would empower patients and could be used for future applications in daily care and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Karni
- Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ilir Jusufi
- Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Dag Nyholm
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Oskar Klein
- Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mevludin Memedi
- Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro, Sweden
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9
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Hagan Thomas T, Go K, Go K, Jane McKinley N, Dougherty KR, You KL, Ji Lee Y. Empowerment through technology: A systematic evaluation of the content and quality of mobile applications to empower individuals with cancer. Int J Med Inform 2022; 163:104782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Jiang F, Liu Y, Hu J, Chen X. Understanding Health Empowerment From the Perspective of Information Processing: Questionnaire Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e27178. [PMID: 35014957 PMCID: PMC8790685 DOI: 10.2196/27178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Massive, easily accessible online health information empowers users to cope with health problems better. Most patients search for relevant online health information before seeing a doctor to alleviate information asymmetry. However, the mechanism of how online health information affects health empowerment is still unclear. Objective To study how online health information processing affects health empowerment. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire study that included 343 samples from participants who had searched online health information before the consultation. Respondents' perceptions of online information cues, benefits, health literacy, and health empowerment were assessed. Results Perceived argument quality and perceived source credibility have significant and positive effects on perceived information benefits, but only perceived argument quality has a significant effect on perceived decision-making benefits. Two types of perceived benefits, in turn, affect health empowerment. The effects of perceived argument quality on perceived informational benefits and perceived decision-making benefits on health empowerment are significantly stronger for the high health literacy group than the low health literacy group (t269=7.156, P<.001; t269=23.240, P<.001). While, the effects of perceived source credibility on perceived informational benefits and perceived informational benefits on health empowerment are significantly weaker for the high health literacy group than the low health literacy group (t269=–10.497, P<.001; t269=–6.344, P<.001). The effect of perceived argument quality on perceived informational benefits shows no significant difference between high and low health literacy groups. Conclusions In the context of online health information, perceived information benefits and perceived decision-making benefits are the antecedents of health empowerment, which in turn will be affected by perceived argument quality and perceived source credibility. Health literacy plays a moderating role in the relationship of some variables. To maximize health empowerment, online health information providers should strengthen information quality and provide differentiated information services based on users' health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jiang
- Business School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Business School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junhua Hu
- Business School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, China
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11
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Karni L, Dalal K, Memedi M, Kalra D, Klein GO. Information and Communications Technology-Based Interventions Targeting Patient Empowerment: Framework Development. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e17459. [PMID: 32845245 PMCID: PMC7481871 DOI: 10.2196/17459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Empowerment of patients is often an explicit goal of various information and communications technology (ICT) (electronic, digital) interventions where the patients themselves use ICT tools via the internet. Although several models of empowerment exist, a comprehensive and pragmatic framework is lacking for the development of such interventions. Objective This study proposes a framework for digital interventions aiming to empower patients that includes a methodology that links objectives, strategies, and evaluation. Methods This study is based on a literature review and iterated expert discussions including a focus group to formulate the proposed model. Our model is based on a review of various models of empowerment and models of technology intervention. Results Our framework includes the core characteristics of the empowerment concept (control, psychological coping, self-efficacy, understanding, legitimacy, and support) as well as a set of empowerment consequences: expressed patient perceptions, behavior, clinical outcomes, and health systems effects. The framework for designing interventions includes strategies to achieve empowerment goals using different ICT services. Finally, the intervention model can be used to define project evaluations where the aim is to demonstrate empowerment. The study also included example indicators and associated measurement instruments. Conclusions This framework, which includes definitions, can be useful for the design and evaluation of digital interventions targeting patient empowerment and assist in the development of methods to measure results in this dimension. Further evaluation in the form of interventional studies will be needed to assess the generalizability of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Karni
- Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Koustuv Dalal
- Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Mevludin Memedi
- Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Dipak Kalra
- European Institute for Innovation through Health Data, Gent, Belgium
| | - Gunnar Oskar Klein
- Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro, Sweden
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