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Li G, Tholance Y, Mallouk N, Waeckel L, Flandrin P, Bali B, Badet L, Cornillon P. Quantification of urinary exosomal PSA for the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a study protocol with emphasis on application of clinical laboratory-based techniques. JMIR Res Protoc 2024. [PMID: 39024018 DOI: 10.2196/63551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and represents a major problem of public health. The current method of diagnosing/screening for prostate cancer is invasive and costly. There have been renewed and innovative studies on searching urinary biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis, especially with the technologies of urinary exosomes. However, the technologies of urine exosomes usually need expensive machines such as ultracentrifuge and they are difficult to standardization, which hinder their application in clinical laboratory. OBJECTIVE In this study, our objective is to detect urinary exosomes from prostate cancer for the development of a test to aid in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. METHODS The exosomes from a prostate cancer cell line LNCaP was used to set up the techniques. For the analysis of urine samples of patients, the methods include the collection of first-void urine by using Colli-Pee device, the isolation of urine exosome by optimized precipitation method and the detection of exosomal PSA by Elecsys® total PSA. We have modified and optimized the isolation of urinary exosomes with precipitation method. RESULTS By using the exosomes from the prostate cancer cell line, we have found that the urinary exosomal PSA can be quantified by automatic technique of Elecsys® total PSA. It will be a 2-year study. We shall start to include the patients and controls in the summer of 2024. We expect the results to be published in the last quarter of 2026. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to detect the urinary exosomal PSA by the technique of Elecsys® total PSA for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. This study emphasizes on the techniques suitable for the implementation in clinical laboratory, which will facilitate application of urinary exosomes to simplify and improve the diagnosis/screening of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Li
- North Hospital, CHU Saint-Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, Saint-Etienne, FR
| | - Yannick Tholance
- North Hospital, CHU Saint-Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, Saint-Etienne, FR
| | - Nora Mallouk
- Center of Electronic Microscopy,, CMES, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, FR
| | - Louis Waeckel
- North Hospital, CHU Saint-Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, Saint-Etienne, FR
| | - Pascale Flandrin
- North Hospital, CHU Saint-Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, Saint-Etienne, FR
| | - Bruno Bali
- North Hospital, CHU Saint-Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, Saint-Etienne, FR
| | - Lionel Badet
- North Hospital, CHU Saint-Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, Saint-Etienne, FR
| | - Pierre Cornillon
- North Hospital, CHU Saint-Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, Saint-Etienne, FR
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Le LNH, Munir J, Kim EB, Ryu S. Kidney Cancer and Potential Use of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1410450. [PMID: 38846051 PMCID: PMC11153667 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1410450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer is the 14th most common cancer globally. The 5-year relative survival rate of kidney cancer at a localized stage is 92.9% and it declines to 17.4% in metastatic stage. Currently, the most accurate method of its diagnosis is tissue biopsy. However, the invasive and costly nature of biopsies makes it undesirable in many patients. Therefore, novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis should be explored. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are small vesicles (50-200 nm) in urine carrying nucleic acids, proteins and lipids as their cargos. These uEVs' cargos can provide non-invasive alternative to monitor kidney health. In this review, we have summarized recent studies investigating potential use of uEVs' cargos as biomarkers in kidney cancer for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Nguy-Hoang Le
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Javaria Munir
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Eun-Bit Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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3
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Mallouk N, Tan S, Scepaniack C, Garcin A, Pradat C, Lambert C, Li G. A specific technique of immunolabelling of urinary small extracellular vesicle biomarkers for the diagnostic of renal cancer. Microscopy (Oxf) 2023; 72:450-454. [PMID: 36715074 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are characterized by the membrane expression of CD63, CD81 and CD9 tetraspanins. Their size is inferior to 200 nm. They share the same characteristics as the native cells and are found in human fluids. Specific membrane protein biomarkers expressed on small EV are useful for the diagnosis of tumoural pathologies. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is diagnosed by imaging examinations and/or tissue biopsy. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a powerful biomarker of CCRCC. The detection of CAIX on small EV from the urine of patients could constitute a liquid biopsy for CCRCC. We have set up a specific protocol for the preparation, the immunostaining characterization and the transmission electron microscopy observation of small EVs isolated from the urine of CCRCC patients. The background labelling was significantly reduced. We successfully detected biomarkers on urinary small EVs from CCRCC patients. This technique could be extended with antibodies directed against other EV biomarkers for the detection and the monitoring of cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Mallouk
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Stéphanois, CMES, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne 42023, France
- INSERM, U1059, Sainbiose, Saint-Étienne 42023, France
| | - Sisareuth Tan
- UMR5248, CBMN Bordeaux, plateforme de MET, UMS 3033 Bordeaux University, Pessac 33318, France
| | - Claire Scepaniack
- Centre Imagerie Cellulaire Santé, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Arnauld Garcin
- URCIP, North Hospital, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne 42023, France
| | - Camille Pradat
- Department of Urology, North Hospital, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne 42023, France
| | - Claude Lambert
- Immunology Department, North Hospital, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne 42023, France
| | - Guorong Li
- Department of Urology, North Hospital, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne 42023, France
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Singh AD, Nagalla B, Patnam S, Satyanaryana G, Andrews R, Panigrahi AK, Mudigonda SS, Maitra S, Rengan AK, Sasidhar MV. Exploring urinary extracellular vesicles for organ transplant monitoring: A comprehensive study for detection of allograft dysfunction using immune-specific markers. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117525. [PMID: 37633321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allograft dysfunction (AGD) is a common complication following solid organ transplantation (SOT). This study leverages the potential of urinary extracellular vesicles (UEVs) for the non-invasive detection of AGD. AIM We aimed to assess the diagnostic value of T-cell and B-cell markers characteristic of T-cell-mediated and antibody-mediated rejection in UEV-mRNA using renal transplantation as a model. MATERIALS AND METHODS UEVs were isolated from 123 participants, spanning healthy controls, functional transplant recipients, and biopsy-proven AGD patients. T-cell and B-cell marker mRNA expressions were evaluated using RT-qPCR. RESULTS We observed significant differences in marker expression between healthy controls and AGD patients. ROC analysis revealed an AUC of 0.80 for T-cell markers, 0.98 for B-cell markers, and 0.94 for combined markers. T-cell markers achieved 81.3 % sensitivity, 80 % specificity, and 80.4 % efficiency. A triad of T-cell markers (PRF1, OX40, and CD3e) increased sensitivity to 87.5 % and efficiency to 82.1 %. B-cell markers (CD20, CXCL3, CD46, and CF3) delivered 100 % sensitivity and 97.5 % specificity. The combined gene signature of T-cell and B-cell markers offered 93.8 % sensitivity and 95 % specificity. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the diagnostic potential of UEV-derived mRNA markers for T-cells and B-cells in AGD, suggesting a promising non-invasive strategy for monitoring graft health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anula Divyash Singh
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Hyderabad, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Hyderabad, India
| | - Balakrishna Nagalla
- Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sreekanth Patnam
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Hyderabad, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Hyderabad, India
| | - G Satyanaryana
- Department of Nephrology, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ravi Andrews
- Department of Nephrology, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Sanjay Maitra
- Department of Nephrology, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manda Venkata Sasidhar
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Hyderabad, India; Urvogelbio Private Ltd, Hyderabad, India.
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Venturella M, Falsini A, Coppola F, Giuntini G, Carraro F, Zocco D, Chiesi A, Naldini A. CA-IX-Expressing Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) Are Released by Melanoma Cells under Hypoxia and in the Blood of Advanced Melanoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076122. [PMID: 37047096 PMCID: PMC10094632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer, with poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment is characterized by areas of hypoxia. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) is a marker of tumor hypoxia and its expression is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). CA-IX has been found to be highly expressed in invasive melanomas. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on the release of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in two melanoma in vitro models. We demonstrated that melanoma cells release sEVs under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, but only hypoxia-induced sEVs express CA-IX mRNA and protein. Moreover, we optimized an ELISA assay to provide evidence for CA-IX protein expression on the membranes of the sEVs. These CA-IX-positive sEVs may be exploited as potential biomarkers for liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Venturella
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Falsini
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Coppola
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gaia Giuntini
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Carraro
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Davide Zocco
- Lonza Siena, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Chiesi
- Exosomics SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Naldini
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Importance and implications of exosomes in nephrology and urology. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:153-166. [PMID: 36399151 PMCID: PMC9849294 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are formed by two invaginations of the plasma membrane and can be released by all eukaryotic cells. Because of their bioactive contents, including nucleic acids and proteins, exosomes can activate a variety of functions in their recipient cells. Due to the plethora of physiological and pathophysiological functions, exosomes have received a lot of attention from researchers over the past few years. However, there is still no consensus regarding isolation and characterization protocols of exosomes and their subtypes. This heterogeneity poses a lot of methodical challenges but also offers new clinical opportunities simultaneously. So far, exosome-based research is still mostly limited to preclinical experiments and early-stage clinical trials since the translation of experimental findings remains difficult. Exosomes could potentially play an important role as future diagnostic and prognostic agents and might also be part of the development of new treatment strategies. Therefore, they have previously been investigated in a variety of nephrological and urological conditions such as acute kidney injury or prostate cancer.
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Jiang T, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Chen M, Chen S. Role of tumor-derived exosomes in metastasis, drug resistance and diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1066288. [PMID: 36620603 PMCID: PMC9810999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1066288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cancer is one of the most extensively studied human tumors today, with clear cell renal cell carcinoma accounting for approximately 80% of all cases. Despite recent advances in research on clear cell renal cell carcinoma, advanced distant metastasis of the disease, delay in diagnosis, as well as drug resistance remain major problems. In recent years, as an important mediator of material and information exchange between cells in the tumor microenvironment, exosomes have attracted widespread attention for their role in tumor development. It has been reported that tumor-derived exosomes may act as regulators and have an important effect on the metastasis, drug resistance formation, and providing targets for early diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, the extensive study of tumour-derived exosomes will provide a meaningful reference for the development of the diagnostic and therapeutic field of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. This article reviews the biological role and research progress of tumor-derived exosomes in different aspects of premetastatic niche formation, tumor angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition during the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In addition, the role of tumor-derived exosomes in the development of drug resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma is also addressed in this review. Furthermore, recent studies have found that cargoes of exosomes in serum and urine, for example, a series of miRNAs, have the potential to be biological markers of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and provide meaningful targets for early diagnosis and monitoring of tumors, which is also covered in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,Department of Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zepeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,Department of Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,Department of Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,Department of Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Ming Chen, ; Shuqiu Chen,
| | - Shuqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,Department of Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Ming Chen, ; Shuqiu Chen,
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Fang Z, Ding Y, Xue Z, Li P, Li J, Li F. Roles of exosomes as drug delivery systems in cancer immunotherapy: a mini-review. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:74. [PMID: 35962862 PMCID: PMC9375799 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes can be released by a variety of cells and participate in intercellular communication in many physiological processes in the body. They can be used as carriers of cancer therapeutic drugs and have natural delivery capabilities. Some biologically active substances on exosomes, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC), have been shown to be involved in exosome-mediated anticancer immune responses and have important regulatory effects on the immune system. Exosome-based drug delivery systems hold great promise in future cancer immunotherapy. However, there are still substantial challenges to be overcome in the clinical application of exosomes as drug carriers. This article reviews the biological characteristics of exosome drug delivery systems and their potential applications and challenges in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yixuan Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Peijuan Li
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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