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Chaurasia RK, Sapra BK, Aswal DK. Interplay of immune modulation, adaptive response and hormesis: Suggestive of threshold for clinical manifestation of effects of ionizing radiation at low doses? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170178. [PMID: 38280586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The health impacts of low-dose ionizing radiation exposures have been a subject of debate over the last three to four decades. While there has been enough evidence of "no adverse observable" health effects at low doses and low dose rates, the hypothesis of "Linear No Threshold" continues to rule and govern the principles of radiation protection and the formulation of regulations and public policies. In adopting this conservative approach, the role of the biological processes underway in the human body is kept at abeyance. This review consolidates the available studies that discuss all related biological pathways and repair mechanisms that inhibit the progression of deleterious effects at low doses and low dose rates of ionizing radiation. It is pertinent that, taking cognizance of these processes, there is a need to have a relook at policies of radiation protection, which as of now are too stringent, leading to undue economic losses and negative public perception about radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, India; Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - B K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, India; Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - D K Aswal
- Health, Safety and Environment Group,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Kumar A, Choudhary S, Kumar S, Adhikari JS, Kapoor S, Chaudhury NK. Role of melatonin mediated G-CSF induction in hematopoietic system of gamma-irradiated mice. Life Sci 2022; 289:120190. [PMID: 34883100 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) can cause lethality, and therefore, the necessity of a safe radioprotector. The present study was focused on investigating the role of melatonin in granulocytes colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and related mechanisms underlying the reduction of DNA damage in hematopoietic system of irradiated mice. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 2, 5, and 7.5Gy of whole-body irradiation (WBI), 30 min after intra-peritoneal administration of melatonin with different doses. Mice were sacrificed at different time intervals after WBI, and bone marrow, splenocytes, and peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated for studying various parameters including micronuclei (MN), cell cycle, comet, γ-H2AX, gene expression, amino acid profiling, and hematology. KEY FINDINGS Melatonin100mg/kg ameliorated radiation (7.5Gy and 5Gy) induced MN frequency and cell death in bone marrow without mortality. At 24 h of post-WBI (2Gy), the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mnPCE) with different melatonin doses revealed 20 mg/kg as optimal i.p. dose for protecting the hematopoietic system against radiation injury. In comet assay, a significant reduction in radiation-induced % DNA tail (p ≤ 0.05) was observed at this dose. Melatonin reduced γ-H2AX foci/cell and eventually reached to the control level. Melatonin also decreased blood arginine levels in mice after 24 h of WBI. The gene expression of G-CSF, Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and Bcl2 indicated the role of melatonin in G-CSF regulation and downstream pro-survival pathways along with anti-apoptotic activity. SIGNIFICANCE The results revealed that melatonin recovers the hematopoietic system of irradiated mice by inducing G-CSF mediated radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)-Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Sandeep Choudhary
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)-Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, Hamdard nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Somesh Kumar
- Pediatrics Genetics & Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, Delhi 110002, India
| | - Jawahar S Adhikari
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)-Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Seema Kapoor
- Pediatrics Genetics & Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, Delhi 110002, India
| | - Nabo K Chaudhury
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)-Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
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Mosse I. Radiobiology in my life. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:474-478. [PMID: 34994663 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2026517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The fate of radiobiology and in particular radiation genetics in the Soviet Union was difficult and dramatic. In the period of 1948-1965, a political campaign, based on the theory of T. D. Lysenko, rejected classical genetics, banned such research and persecuted "classical" geneticists. After the Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty was signed on August 5, 1963, Belarusian authorities started closing down radiobiological centers. Many radiobiologists were obliged to go abroad. Then the Chernobyl disaster in May 1986 changed the political direction - research on radiobiology and radiation genetics became relevant again. The only medical effect of the Chernobyl disaster was thyroid cancer, but radiation was not the only reason for that. A lot of criminal mistakes of the Soviet government and the Ministry of Health increase the cancer rate. The history of science is always complicated, and nowadays there are some unanswered questions and contradictory issues in the field of radiobiology, for instance, uncertainties in estimating radiation risks. It is necessary to keep in mind a lot of limitations and qualifications that demonstrates that there are no simple answers in this science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mosse
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus, 27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072
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Wu H, Huang L, Yuan L, Wang DW, Wang S. Young Chinese people's perceptions of nuclear power: Connection with enthusiasm for information, perceptions of nuclear reactor technology and NIMBY. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wu H, Huang L. Young Chinese people's radiological beliefs significantly associated with their opinions on nuclear power. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.103797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Khan AUH, Blimkie M, Yang DS, Serran M, Pack T, Wu J, Kang JY, Laakso H, Lee SH, Le Y. Effects of Chronic Low-Dose Internal Radiation on Immune-Stimulatory Responses in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7303. [PMID: 34298925 PMCID: PMC8306076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Linear-No-Threshold (LNT) model predicts a dose-dependent linear increase in cancer risk. This has been supported by biological and epidemiological studies at high-dose exposures. However, at low-doses (LDR ≤ 0.1 Gy), the effects are more elusive and demonstrate a deviation from linearity. In this study, the effects of LDR on the development and progression of mammary cancer in FVB/N-Tg(MMTVneu)202Mul/J mice were investigated. Animals were chronically exposed to total doses of 10, 100, and 2000 mGy via tritiated drinking water, and were assessed at 3.5, 6, and 8 months of age. Results indicated an increased proportion of NK cells in various organs of LDR exposed mice. LDR significantly influenced NK and T cell function and activation, despite diminishing cell proliferation. Notably, the expression of NKG2D receptor on NK cells was dramatically reduced at 3.5 months but was upregulated at later time-points, while the expression of NKG2D ligand followed the opposite trend, with an increase at 3.5 months and a decrease thereafter. No noticeable impact was observed on mammary cancer development, as measured by tumor load. Our results demonstrated that LDR significantly influenced the proportion, proliferation, activation, and function of immune cells. Importantly, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that LDR modulates the cross-talk between the NKG2D receptor and its ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Ul Haq Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (A.U.H.K.); (D.S.Y.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Melinda Blimkie
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd., Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (M.B.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Doo Seok Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (A.U.H.K.); (D.S.Y.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Mandy Serran
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd., Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (M.B.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Tyler Pack
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd., Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (M.B.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Jin Wu
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd., Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (M.B.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Ji-Young Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (A.U.H.K.); (D.S.Y.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Holly Laakso
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd., Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (M.B.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (A.U.H.K.); (D.S.Y.); (J.-Y.K.)
- Centre for Infection, The University of Ottawa, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Yevgeniya Le
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (A.U.H.K.); (D.S.Y.); (J.-Y.K.)
- CANDU Owners Group Inc., Toronto, ON M5G 2K4, Canada
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Kumar A, Kumarchandra R, Rai R, Kumblekar V. Radiation mitigating activities of Psidium guajava L. against whole-body X-ray-induced damages in albino Wistar rat model. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:507. [PMID: 33178550 PMCID: PMC7642191 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated radiation mitigating activities of Psidium guajava L. (P. guajava) against whole-body X- ray induced damages in albino Wistar rat model. The animals were orally administered with 200 mg/kg bodyweight of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of P. guajava for five consecutive days and on the fifth day, after the last dose of extract administration, animals were exposed to 4 Gy of X-rays. Rats were sacrificed 24 h post X-ray irradiation. The radiomitigating activity of the herb extract was assessed by micronucleus assay, histopathology of the small intestine and hematological parameters. Hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin -10 (IL-10) levels were assayed to validate the anti-inflammatory property. Biochemical estimations were also performed in RBC lysates to corroborate antioxidant properties in the leaf extract. HPLC analysis of crude extract confirmed the presence of standard flavonoid quercetin. Our results indicated that radiation elevated COX-2, IL-6 and decreased IL-10 levels and also induced micronucleus formation in polychromatic erythrocytes, simultaneously impairing hematological parameters along with erythrocyte antioxidants. The animals pre-treated with P. guajava exhibited a significant decrease in the COX-2 (P ≤ 0.01), IL-6 levels (P ≤ 0.05) and also displayed significant increase in the hepatic IL-10 levels (P ≤ 0.01). Pre-treatment with plant extract improved antioxidant enzyme activities, hematological parameters and reduced the intestinal damage by recovering the architecture of the small intestine. Moreover, extract also rendered protection against radiation induced DNA damage, as evidenced by the significant (P ≤ 0.01) decrease in the percentage of radiation-induced micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes. Furthermore, the herb extract treatment increased radiation LD50/30 from 6.6 Gy to 9.0 Gy, offering a dose reduction factor (DRF) of 1.36. Our findings for the first time propose the beneficial use of P. guajava as a radioprotector against X-ray induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amith Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Reshma Kumarchandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Rajalakshmi Rai
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Vasavi Kumblekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
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Kumar V, Katyal D, Nayak S. Removal of heavy metals and radionuclides from water using nanomaterials: current scenario and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41199-41224. [PMID: 32829433 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is an increase in concern about the hazardous effects of radioactivity due to the presence of undesirable radioactive substances in our vicinity. Nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011) have further raised concerns towards such incidents which have led to contamination of water bodies. Conventional methods of water purification are less efficient in decontamination of radioisotopes. They are usually neither cost-effective nor environmentally friendly. However, nanotechnology can play a vital role in providing practical solutions to this problem. Nano-engineered materials like metal oxides, metallic organic frameworks, and nanoparticle-impregnated membranes have proven to be highly efficient in treating contaminated water. Their unique characteristics such as high adsorption capacity, large specific surface area, high tensile strength, and excellent biocompatibility properties make them useful in the field of water purification. This review explores the present status and future prospects of nanomaterials as the next-generation water purification systems that can play an important role in the removal of heavy metals and radioactive contaminants from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- University School of Environment Management (USEM), Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Delhi, 110078, India
- Division of CBRN Defense, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Deeksha Katyal
- University School of Environment Management (USEM), Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Delhi, 110078, India.
| | - SwayangSiddha Nayak
- Division of CBRN Defense, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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9
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Moghaddam NSA, Oskouie MN, Butler AE, Petit PX, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Hormetic effects of curcumin: What is the evidence? J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10060-10071. [PMID: 30515809 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a component of the yellow powder prepared from the roots of Curcuma longa or Zingiberaceae (known as turmeric) is not only widely used to color and flavor food but also used as a pharmaceutical agent. Curcumin demonstrates anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiaging, and antioxidant activity, as well as efficacy in wound healing. Notably, curcumin is a hormetic agent (hormetin), as it is stimulatory at low doses and inhibitory at high doses. Hormesis by curcumin could be also a particular function at low doses (i.e., antioxidant behavior) and another function at high dose (i.e., induction of autophagy and cell death). Recent findings suggest that curcumin exhibits biphasic dose-responses on cells, with low doses having stronger effects than high doses; examples being activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway or antioxidant activity. This indicates that many effects induced by curcumin are dependent on dose and some effects might be greater at lower doses, indicative of a hormetic response. Despite the consistent occurrence of hormetic responses of curcumin in a wide range of biomedical models, epidemiological and clinical trials are needed to assess the nature of curcumin's dose-response in humans. Fortunately, more than one hundred clinical trials with curcumin and curcumin derivatives are ongoing. In this review, we provide the first comprehensive analysis supportive of the hormetic behavior of curcumin and curcumin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Nosrati Oskouie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Patrice X Petit
- CNRS FR3636 Institut de Neurosciences "Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Autophagy Signalling," Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Cuttler JM, Mortazavi SMJ, Welsh JS, Doss M. Re: "Low-Dose Childhood Radiation Effects to the Thyroid Follow a Linear Dose-Response Trend and Persist Even 45+ Years After Exposure" (Clin Thyroidol 2017;29:235-236). Thyroid 2018; 28:679-680. [PMID: 29132249 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S M Javad Mortazavi
- 2 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James S Welsh
- 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University-Chicago , Maywood, Illinois
| | - Mohan Doss
- 2 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Kuciel-Lewandowska J, Gnus J, Pawlik-Sobecka L, Płaczkowska S, Kokot I, Kasperczak M, Paprocka-Borowicz M. The Assessment of the Integrated Antioxidant System of the Body in the Course of Radon Therapy: A Pilot Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6038106. [PMID: 29487870 PMCID: PMC5816895 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6038106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sources of Reactive Oxidative Species (ROS) in the organism are the respiratory processes occurring in cells catalyzed by different enzymes. Operation of ROS is balanced by antioxidants, the compounds; although present in low concentrations, they significantly inhibit the degree of oxidation of particular molecules. THE AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the integrated antioxidant system under the influence of radon therapy in osteoarthritis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observation included 35 patients suffering from degenerative joints and disc disease (mean age 56.5 years) undergoing radon water therapy and control group that consisted of 15 osteoarthritis patients (mean age 54.2) without contact with radon water. Before therapy and after 18 days of treatment, serum total antioxidant status (TAS) was assessed with the use of standard colorimetric assay. RESULTS In the study group, we observed trends to increase TAS concentration, whereas, in the control group, TAS concentration was decreasing. CONCLUSIONS (1) Radon waters treatment influenced the level of TAS of osteoarthritis patients treated with the radon water. (2) The change in TAS concentrations in the study group may be the result of low doses of ionizing radiation, but further studies on larger patient's groups are demanded. This study is registered with number NCT03274128.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Gnus
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lilla Pawlik-Sobecka
- Department of Professional Training in Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Płaczkowska
- Department of Diagnostics Laboratory for Teaching and Research, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Kokot
- Department of Professional Training in Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kasperczak
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Jiang B, Zhang Y, Zhao J, She C, Zhou X, Dong Q, Wang P. Effects of Localized X-Ray Irradiation on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Transected Sciatic Nerve in Rats. Radiat Res 2017; 188:455-462. [PMID: 28796579 DOI: 10.1667/rr14799.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose radiation has been used in clinical and experimental models for the prevention of scarring and for fracture healing. There is evidence that low-dose radiation improves the hormesis of various cell types but little is known about its effects on peripheral nerve tissue. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of low-dose radiation on the regeneration of transectional peripheral nerve injury in an experimental rat model. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats received transection injury to the left sciatic nerves, and the nerves were subsequently sutured by epineurium end-to-end anastomosis to restore continuity. Animals were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (n = 36/group): 1 Gy X-ray irradiation or control (sham irradiation). Gait analysis, electrophysiological examination and morphological investigations were performed. In addition, Western blot and qRT-PCR were performed to determine the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43). Content of VEGF and GAP-43 in the regenerated sciatic nerve of the irradiated group was higher than the control group. At 4 to 12 weeks after surgery, the irradiated animals exhibited a significantly improved functional recovery relative to controls. At 12 weeks after surgery, amplitude and conduction velocity of the irradiated group were higher than the control group (P < 0.05). The number of nerve fibers, diameter of axons and morphological structure of the myelin sheath in the irradiated group were superior to those of the control group. These results suggest that low-dose radiation contributed to regeneration and functional recovery after transverse peripheral nerve injury by inducing increased production of VEGF and GAP-43, which promote the axonal regeneration and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- a Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- a Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
| | - Jiaju Zhao
- a Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
| | - Chang She
- b Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhou
- b Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
| | - Qirong Dong
- b Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
| | - Peiji Wang
- a Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
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Kojima S, Tsukimoto M, Shimura N, Koga H, Murata A, Takara T. Treatment of Cancer and Inflammation With Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Three Case Reports. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325817697531. [PMID: 28539853 PMCID: PMC5433552 DOI: 10.1177/1559325817697531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable evidence from experimental studies in animals, as well as from clinical reports, that low-dose radiation hormesis is effective for the treatment of cancer and ulcerative colitis. In this study, we present 3 case reports that support the clinical efficacy of low-dose radiation hormesis in patients with these diseases. First, a patient with prostate cancer who had undergone surgical resection showed a subsequent increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA). His PSA value started decreasing immediately after the start of repeated low-dose X-ray irradiation treatment and remained low thereafter. Second, a patient with prostate cancer with bone metastasis was treated with repeated low-dose X-ray irradiation. His PSA level decreased to nearly normal within 3 months after starting the treatment and remained at the low level after the end of hormesis treatment. His bone metastasis almost completely disappeared. Third, a patient with ulcerative colitis showed a slow initial response to repeated low-dose irradiation treatment using various modalities, including drinking radon-containing water, but within 8 months, his swelling and bleeding had completely disappeared. After 1 year, the number of bowel movements had become normal. Interest in the use of radiation hormesis in clinical practice is increasing, and we hope that these case reports will encourage further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kojima
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (TUS), Noda-Shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (TUS), Noda-Shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriko Shimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama, Japan
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Zhang F, Lin X, Yu L, Li W, Qian D, Cheng P, He L, Yang H, Zhang C. Low-dose radiation prevents type 1 diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy via activation of AKT mediated anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant effects. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1352-66. [PMID: 26991817 PMCID: PMC4929303 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether low-dose radiation (LDR) can prevent late-stage diabetic cardiomyopathy and whether this protection is because of the induction of anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant pathways. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6J mice were treated with/without whole-body LDR (12.5, 25, or 50 mGy) every 2 days. Twelve weeks after onset of diabetes, cardiomyopathy was diagnosed characterized by significant cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy and histopathological abnormalities associated with increased oxidative stress and apoptosis, which was prevented by LDR (25 or 50 mGy only). Low-dose radiation-induced cardiac protection also associated with P53 inactivation, enhanced Nrf2 function and improved Akt activation. Next, for the mechanistic study, mouse primary cardiomyocytes were treated with high glucose (33 mmol/l) for 24 hrs and during the last 15 hrs bovine serum albumin-conjugated palmitate (62.5 μmol/l) was added into the medium to mimic diabetes, and cells were treated with LDR (25 mGy) every 6 hrs during the whole process of HG/Pal treatment. Data show that blocking Akt/MDM2/P53 or Akt/Nrf2 pathways with small interfering RNA of akt, mdm2 and nrf2 not only prevented LDR-induced anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant effects but also prevented LDR-induced suppression on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis against HG/Pal. Low-dose radiation prevented diabetic cardiomyopathy by improving cardiac function and hypertrophic remodelling attributed to Akt/MDM2/P53-mediated anti-apoptotic and Akt/Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant pathways simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhang
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiufei Lin
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lechu Yu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dingliang Qian
- Department of Inspection, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Luqing He
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Shao M, Yu L, Zhang F, Lu X, Li X, Cheng P, Lin X, He L, Jin S, Tan Y, Yang H, Zhang C, Cai L. Additive protection by LDR and FGF21 treatment against diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E45-54. [PMID: 25968574 PMCID: PMC4490332 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00026.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with both systemic and renal changes. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 prevents diabetic complications mainly by improving systemic metabolism. In addition, low-dose radiation (LDR) protects mice from DN directly by preventing renal oxidative stress and inflammation. In the present study, we tried to define whether the combination of FGF21 and LDR could further prevent DN by blocking its systemic and renal pathogeneses. To this end, type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding a high-fat diet for 12 wk followed by a single dose injection of streptozotocin. Diabetic mice were exposed to 50 mGy LDR every other day for 4 wk with and without 1.5 mg/kg FGF21 daily for 8 wk. The changes in systemic parameters, including blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and insulin resistance, as well as renal pathology, were examined. Diabetic mice exhibited renal dysfunction and pathological abnormalities, all of which were prevented significantly by LDR and/or FGF21; the best effects were observed in the group that received the combination treatment. Our studies revealed that the additive renal protection conferred by the combined treatment against diabetes-induced renal fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative damage was associated with the systemic improvement of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. These results suggest that the combination treatment with LDR and FGF21 prevented DN more efficiently than did either treatment alone. The mechanism behind these protective effects could be attributed to the suppression of both systemic and renal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Shao
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lechu Yu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuemian Lu
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiufei Lin
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Luqing He
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shunzi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China; and
| | - Yi Tan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Hong Yang
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China;
| | - Lu Cai
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Qureshi MI, Rasli AM, Awan U, Ma J, Ali G, Alam A, Sajjad F, Zaman K. Environment and air pollution: health services bequeath to grotesque menace. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3467-3476. [PMID: 25242593 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to establish the link between air pollution, fossil fuel energy consumption, industrialization, alternative and nuclear energy, combustible renewable and wastes, urbanization, and resulting impact on health services in Malaysia. The study employed two-stage least square regression technique on the time series data from 1975 to 2012 to possibly minimize the problem of endogeniety in the health services model. The results in general show that air pollution and environmental indicators act as a strong contributor to influence Malaysian health services. Urbanization and nuclear energy consumption both significantly increases the life expectancy in Malaysia, while fertility rate decreases along with the increasing urbanization in a country. Fossil fuel energy consumption and industrialization both have an indirect relationship with the infant mortality rate, whereas, carbon dioxide emissions have a direct relationship with the sanitation facility in a country. The results conclude that balancing the air pollution, environment, and health services needs strong policy vistas on the end of the government officials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Qureshi
- Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, 81310, Johor, Malaysia
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BAE SEUNGHEE, KIM KARAM, CHA HWAJUN, CHOI YEONGMIN, SHIN SHANGHUN, AN INSOOK, LEE JAEHO, SONG JIEYOUNG, YANG KWANGHEE, NAM SEONYOUNG, AN SUNGKWAN. Altered microRNA expression profiles are involved in resistance to low-dose ionizing radiation in the absence of BMI1 in human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1618-28. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Scientific method is inherently self-correcting. When different hypotheses are proposed, their study would result in the rejection of the invalid ones. If the study of a competing hypothesis is prevented because of the faith in an unverified one, scientific progress is stalled. This has happened in the study of low dose radiation. Though radiation hormesis was hypothesized to reduce cancers in 1980, it could not be studied in humans because of the faith in the unverified linear no-threshold model hypothesis, likely resulting in over 15 million preventable cancer deaths worldwide during the past two decades, since evidence has accumulated supporting the validity of the phenomenon of radiation hormesis. Since our society has been guided by scientific advisory committees that ostensibly follow the scientific method, the long duration of such large casualties is indicative of systemic deficiencies in the infrastructure that has evolved in our society for the application of science. Some of these deficiencies have been identified in a few elements of the scientific infrastructure, and remedial steps suggested. Identifying and correcting such deficiencies may prevent similar tolls in the future.
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Candela-Juan C, Montoro A, Ruiz-Martínez E, Villaescusa JI, Martí-Bonmatí L. Current knowledge on tumour induction by computed tomography should be carefully used. Eur Radiol 2013; 24:649-56. [PMID: 24281269 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-013-3047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Risks associated to ionising radiation from medical imaging techniques have focused the attention of the medical society and general population. This risk is aimed to determine the probability that a tumour is induced as a result of a computed tomography (CT) examination since it makes nowadays the biggest contribution to the collective dose. Several models of cancer induction have been reported in the literature, with diametrically different implications. This article reviews those models, focusing on the ones used by the scientific community to estimate CT detriments. Current estimates of the probability that a CT examination induces cancer are reported, highlighting its low magnitude (near the background level) and large sources of uncertainty. From this objective review, it is concluded that epidemiological data with more accurate dosimetric estimates are needed. Prediction of the number of tumours that will be induced in population exposed to ionising radiation should be avoided or, if given, it should be accompanied by a realistic evaluation of its uncertainty and of the advantages of CTs. Otherwise they may have a negative impact in both the medical community and the patients. Reducing doses even more is not justified if that compromises clinical image quality in a necessary investigation. Key Points • Predictions of radiation-induced cancer should be discussed alongside benefits of imaging. • Estimates of induced cancers have noticeable uncertainties that should always be highlighted. • There is controversy about the acceptance of the linear no-threshold model. • Estimated extra risks of cancer are close to the background level. • Patients should not be alarmed by potential cancer induction by CT examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Candela-Juan
- Radioprotection Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, 46026, Spain,
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Abstract
This commentary reviews the international radiation protection policy that resulted in the evacuation of more than 90,000 residents from areas near the Fukushima Daiichi NPS and the enormous expenditures to protect them against a hypothetical risk of cancer. The basis for the precautionary measures is shown to be invalid; the radiation level chosen for evacuation is not conservative. The actions caused unnecessary fear and suffering. An appropriate level for evacuation is recommended. Radical changes to the ICRP recommendations are long overdue.
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Sanders CL. Potential treatment of inflammatory and proliferative diseases by ultra-low doses of ionizing radiations. Dose Response 2012; 10:610-25. [PMID: 23304108 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.12-017.sanders] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-low doses and dose- rates of ionizing radiation are effective in preventing disease which suggests that they also may be effective in treating disease. Limited experimental and anecdotal evidence indicates that low radiation doses from radon in mines and spas, thorium-bearing monazite sands and enhanced radioactive uranium ore obtained from a natural geological reactor may be useful in treating many inflammatory conditions and proliferative disorders, including cancer. Optimal therapeutic applications were identified via a literature survey as dose-rates ranging from 7 to 11μGy/hr or 28 to 44 times world average background rates. Rocks from an abandoned uranium mine in Utah were considered for therapeutic application and were examined by γ-ray and laser-induced breakdown fluorescence spectroscopy. The rocks showed the presence of transuranics and fission products with a γ-ray energy profile similar to aged spent uranium nuclear fuel (93% dose due to β particles and 7% due to γ rays). Mud packs of pulverized uranium ore rock dust in sealed plastic bags delivering bag surface β,γ dose-rates of 10-450 μGy/h were used with apparent success to treat several inflammatory and proliferative conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Sanders
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea and 2030 New Hampshire Street, Loveland, CO 80538
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Mosse IB. Genetic effects of ionizing radiation--some questions with no answers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2012; 112:70-75. [PMID: 22683898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There are a lot of questions about genetic effects of ionizing radiation, the main one is does ionizing radiation induce mutations in humans? There is no direct evidence that exposure of parents to radiation leads to excess heritable disease in offspring. What is the difference between human and other species in which radiation induced mutations are easily registered? During evolution germ cell selection ex vivo has been changed to a selection in vivo and we cannot observe such selection of radiation damaged cells in human. Low radiation doses - are they harmful or beneficial? The "hormesis" phenomenon as well as radioadaptive response proves positive effects of low radiation dose. Can analysis of chromosomal aberration rate in lymphocytes be used for dosimetry? Many uncontrolled factors may be responsible for significant mistakes of this method. Why did evolution preserve the bystander effect? This paper is discussion one and its goal is to pay attention on some effects of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma B Mosse
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Institute of Genetics & Cytology, NAS of Belarus, 27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
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Abstract
The current radiation safety paradigm using the linear no-threshold (LNT) model is based on the premise that even the smallest amount of radiation may cause mutations increasing the risk of cancer. Autopsy studies have shown that the presence of cancer cells is not a decisive factor in the occurrence of clinical cancer. On the other hand, suppression of immune system more than doubles the cancer risk in organ transplant patients, indicating its key role in keeping occult cancers in check. Low dose radiation (LDR) elevates immune response, and so it may reduce rather than increase the risk of cancer. LNT model pays exclusive attention to DNA damage, which is not a decisive factor, and completely ignores immune system response, which is an important factor, and so is not scientifically justifiable. By not recognizing the importance of the immune system in cancer, and not exploring exercise intervention, the current paradigm may have missed an opportunity to reduce cancer deaths among atomic bomb survivors. Increased antioxidants from LDR may reduce aging-related non-cancer diseases since oxidative damage is implicated in these. A paradigm shift is warranted to reduce further casualties, reduce fear of LDR, and enable investigation of potential beneficial applications of LDR.
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Calabrese EJ, Stanek EJ, Nascarella MA. Evidence for hormesis in mutagenicity dose-response relationships. Mutat Res 2011; 726:91-7. [PMID: 21540124 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the occurrence of hormetic dose responses from three previously published data sets [1-3] with 825 chemicals in three Ames assay tester strains (i.e., TA97, TA98, TA100) with and without the S9 fraction, using a five dose protocol and semi-log dose spacing. Ninety-five (95) (11.5%) chemicals satisfied the multiple a priori entry criteria, with a total of 107 assays. Of the assays satisfying the entry criteria, 61 involved TA100, a strain that detects base-pair substitution mutations. 29.5% (18/61) satisfied the statistical evaluative criteria for hormesis, exceeding that predicted by chance by 4.0-fold (p<0.001). The remaining 46 assays involved TA97 and TA98, strains that detect frameshift mutations. Of these 46 assays, the overall responses for the lowest two doses closely approximated the control response (e.g., 101.77% of the control for TA98; 99.20% for TA97). Only 2.2% (1/46) of the assays satisfied the evaluative criteria for hormesis. In conclusion, these data support a hormetic model for TA100, whereas the responses for TA97 and TA98 are consistent with a threshold dose-response model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Vaiserman AM, Mekhova LV, Koshel NM, Voitenko VP. Cancer incidence and mortality after low-dosage radiation exposure: Epidemiological aspects. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635091102031x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Calabrese EJ, Mattson MP, Calabrese V. Resveratrol commonly displays hormesis: occurrence and biomedical significance. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 29:980-1015. [PMID: 21115559 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110383625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol induces hormetic dose responses in a wide range of biological models, affecting numerous endpoints of biomedical and therapeutic significance. These responses were reported for numerous human tumor cell lines affecting breast, prostate, colon, lung, uterine and leukemia. In such cases, low concentrations of resveratrol enhanced tumor cell proliferation whereas higher concentrations were inhibitory. Similar resveratrol-induced biphasic dose responses were seen with several parasitic diseases, including Leishmaniasis and trichinella. Hormetic effects were also reported in animal models for cardiovascular induced injury, gastric lesions, ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis. In these cases, there was often a protective effect at low doses but an adverse effect at higher doses, exacerbating the disease process/incidence. This analysis indicates that many effects induced by resveratrol are dependent on dose and that opposite effects occur at low and high doses, being indicative of a hormetic dose response. Despite consistent occurrence of hormetic dose responses of resveratrol in a wide range of biomedical models, epidemiologic and clinical trials are needed to assess the nature of its dose-response in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003,USA.
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Zhang L, Tian Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Huo H, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Ning P, Jiang J. Low-dose radiation-induced hormetic effect on hematopoietic reconstitution. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 86:329-33. [PMID: 20353342 DOI: 10.3109/09553000903564018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects on hematopoietic reconstitution of recipient mice receiving bone marrow cells (BMC) of donor pre-exposed to low-dose radiation (LDR). MATERIALS AND METHODS BMC were irradiated in vitro at various low-dose X-rays radiation. Tritiated thymidine ((3)H-TdR) incorporation was adopted to measure the proliferation of the BMC in vitro, and then the optimal radiation doses were selected for further study in vivo. Irradiated recipient mice (7.5 Gy) were infused by BMC exposed to 6 and 8 cGy. The counts of recipients' peripheral blood cells (PBC) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) were monitored at the 5th, 10th, 15th, and 30th day after BMC infusion. The colony-forming units in the recipient spleens (CFU-S) were calculated at the 10th day after infusion. RESULTS Exposed to 6 and 8 cGy, BMC demonstrated significant proliferative activities in vitro. When the recipient mice receiving BMC pre-exposed to low dose radiation (6 and 8 cGy), the counts of white blood cell (WBC), BMMNC and CFU-S were consistently higher than those in control. CONCLUSIONS BMC of donor irradiated by LDR in vitro may facilitate the hematopoietic reconstitution of the recipient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
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Enhancement of antitumor immunity by low-dose total body irradiationis associated with selectively decreasing the proportion and number of T regulatory cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2010; 7:157-62. [PMID: 20140010 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2009.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dose total body irradiation (LTBI) is used in the treatment of some cancers mainly for immune enhancement rather than cell killing. However, the mechanism underlying LTBI remains unknown. In this study, by analyzing the immune patterns of lymphocytes, we found that the percentage and absolute number of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells are markedly decreased in naive mice following treatment with LTBI. On the contrary, the CD4(+)CD44(+)/CD8(+)CD44(+) effect or-memory T cells are greatly increased. Importantly, naive mice treated with dendritic cell-gp 100 tumor vaccines under LTBI induced an enhancement of antigen-specific proliferation and cytotoxicity as well as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion against F10 melanoma tumor challenge, compared to treatment with either the tumor vaccine or LTBI alone. Consequently, the treatment resulted in a reduced tumor burden and prolonged mouse survival. Our data demonstrate that LTBI's enhancement of antitumor immunity was mainly associated with selectively decreasing the proportion and number of T regulatory cells,implying the potential application of the combination of LTBI and a tumor vaccine in antitumor therapy.
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Abstract
An article by Jerome Puskin attempts to justify the continued use of the linear no-threshold (LNT) assumption in radiation protection and risk assessment. In view of the substantial and increasing amount of data that contradicts this assumption; it is difficult to understand the reason for endorsing this unscientific behavior, which severely constrains nuclear energy projects and the use of CT scans in medicine. Many Japanese studies over the past 25 years have shown that low doses and low dose rates of radiation improve health in living organisms including humans. Recent studies on fruit flies have demonstrated that the original basis for the LNT notion is invalid. The Puskin article omits any mention of important reports from UNSCEAR, the NCRP and the French Academies of Science and Medicine, while citing an assessment of the Canadian breast cancer study that manipulated the data to obscure evidence of reduced breast cancer mortality following a low total dose. This commentary provides dose limits that are based on real human data, for both single and chronic radiation exposures.
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Vaiserman AM. Radiation hormesis: historical perspective and implications for low-dose cancer risk assessment. Dose Response 2010; 8:172-91. [PMID: 20585444 PMCID: PMC2889502 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.09-037.vaiserman] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current guidelines for limiting exposure of humans to ionizing radiation are based on the linear-no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis for radiation carcinogenesis under which cancer risk increases linearly as the radiation dose increases. With the LNT model even a very small dose could cause cancer and the model is used in establishing guidelines for limiting radiation exposure of humans. A slope change at low doses and dose rates is implemented using an empirical dose and dose rate effectiveness factor (DDREF). This imposes usually unacknowledged nonlinearity but not a threshold in the dose-response curve for cancer induction. In contrast, with the hormetic model, low doses of radiation reduce the cancer incidence while it is elevated after high doses. Based on a review of epidemiological and other data for exposure to low radiation doses and dose rates, it was found that the LNT model fails badly. Cancer risk after ordinarily encountered radiation exposure (medical X-rays, natural background radiation, etc.) is much lower than projections based on the LNT model and is often less than the risk for spontaneous cancer (a hormetic response). Understanding the mechanistic basis for hormetic responses will provide new insights about both risks and benefits from low-dose radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling of Aging Processes, Institute of Gerontology, Kiev, Ukraine
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