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Ray PP, Islam MA, Islam MS, Han A, Geng P, Aziz MA, Mamun AA. A comprehensive evaluation of the therapeutic potential of silibinin: a ray of hope in cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1349745. [PMID: 38487172 PMCID: PMC10937417 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1349745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds hold promise in the search for cancer therapies due to their unique chemical structures and combinations that may effectively combat cancer while minimizing toxicity and side effects compared to conventional treatments. Silibinin, a natural lignan, has been found to possess strong anti-cancer activity against several types of human cancers based on emerging research. This study aims to provide an overview of the therapeutic potential of silibinin in the treatment and prevention of cancers. A comprehensive search was conducted using various internet databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect to identify relevant research papers. Silibinin has been shown to exhibit anticancer activity against several types of cancers, including liver, lungs, breast, prostate, colorectal, skin, and bladder cancers. Its multifaceted mechanisms of action contribute to its therapeutic effects. Silibinin exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic activities, making it a promising candidate for cancer therapy. One of the key mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of silibinin is its ability to modulate multiple signaling pathways involved in cancer development and progression. It can inhibit the activation of various oncogenic pathways, including PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and MAPK pathways, thereby suppressing cancer cell proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest, and promoting apoptosis. Silibinin possesses great potential as an effective treatment agent for cancer. The multifaceted mechanisms of action, favorable safety profile, and potential synergistic effects of silibinin with conventional therapies make it an attractive candidate for further investigation and development as a cancer treatment. However, more extensive clinical studies are necessary to fully establish the efficacy, optimal dosage, and long-term effects of silibinin in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantha Prodip Ray
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Aixia Han
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Md. Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
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Mohammadinejad S, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Zarghami N. Development of PEGylated PLGA Nanoparticles Co-Loaded with Bioactive Compounds: Potential Anticancer Effect on Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:4063-4072. [PMID: 36579986 PMCID: PMC9971482 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.12.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of breast cancer continues to rise despite decades of laboratory, epidemiological and clinical research. Breast cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death in women. Cyclin D1 is one of the most important oncoproteins associated with cancer cell proliferation and is overexpressed in more than 50% of cases. Curcumin and chrysin are plant-derived components that are believed to assist in inhibiting the viability of breast cancer cells. These agents are involved in cancer cells' growth and reducing cyclin D1 expression. In this study, the hypothesis of combining curcumin and chrysin is applied to analyze the potential synergistic effect in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and down-regulation of cyclin D1. Furthermore, applying PLGA-PEG NPs could improve the bioavailability of free curcumin and chrysin components and at the same time increases the anti-cancer potential of this compound. METHODS PLGA-PEG NPs were synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization technique and characterized with FT-IR and FE-SEM for chemical structure and morphological characteristics, respectively. Next, curcumin and chrysin were loaded in PLGA-PEG NPs and MTT assay was performed to assess the cytotoxic effect of these agents. T-47D cells were treated with appropriate concentrations of these agents and cyclin D1 expression level was evaluated by real-time PCR. RESULTS The obtained results from FT-IR and FE-SEM techniques illustrated that curcumin and chrysin were efficiently encapsulated into PLGA-PEG NPs. Curcumin, chrysin, and curcumin-chrysin in free and nano-encapsulated forms exhibited an anti-cancer effect on T-47D cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, especially in a combination of free and encapsulated forms demonstrated synergistic anti-cancer effects. Compared to free form, Nano-curcumin, Nano-chrysin, and Nano-combination remarkably down-regulated cyclin D1 gene expression. (p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the curcumin-chrysin combination has a synergistic effect and the encapsulated form of this nano-component has more inhibition on cyclin D1 expression.<br />.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mohammadinejad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey. ,For Correspondence:
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Kamboj S, Singh R. Chromanone-A Prerogative Therapeutic Scaffold: An Overview. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022; 47:75-111. [PMID: 34226859 PMCID: PMC8244469 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromanone or Chroman-4-one is the most important and interesting heterobicyclic compound and acts as a building block in medicinal chemistry for isolation, designing and synthesis of novel lead compounds. Structurally, absence of a double bond in chromanone between C-2 and C-3 shows a minor difference from chromone but exhibits significant variations in biological activities. In the present review, various studies published on synthesis, pharmacological evaluation on chroman-4-one analogues are addressed to signify the importance of chromanone as a versatile scaffold exhibiting a wide range of pharmacological activities. But, due to poor yield in the case of chemical synthesis and expensive isolation procedure from natural compounds, more studies are required to provide the most effective and cost-effective methods to synthesize novel chromanone analogs to give leads to chemistry community. Considering the versatility of chromanone, this review is designed to impart comprehensive, critical and authoritative information about chromanone template in drug designing and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kamboj
- Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana 133203 India ,Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Jagadhri, Haryana 135003 India
| | - Randhir Singh
- Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana 133203 India
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Sawanny R, Pramanik S, Agarwal U. Role of Phytochemicals in the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Natural Swords Battling Cancer Cells. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716666210106123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy among ladies (around 30% of
newly diagnosed patients every year). To date, various modern treatment modalities for breast cancer,
such as radiotherapy, surgical method, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapeutic drug utilisation,
are available. However, adverse drug reactions, therapeutic resistance, metastasis, or cancer reoccurrence
chances remain the primary causes of mortality for breast cancer patients. To overcome
all the potential drawbacks, we need to investigate novel techniques and strategies that are not considered
previously to treat breast cancer effectively with safety and efficacy. For centuries, we
utilise phytochemicals to treat various diseases because of their safety, low-cost, and least or no
side effects. Recently, naturally produced phytochemicals gain immense attention as potential
breast cancer therapeutics because of their ideal characteristics; for instance, they operate via modulating
molecular pathways associated with cancer growth and progression. The primary mechanism
involves inhibition of cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, increasing anti-oxidant
status, initiation of the arrest of the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Remedial viability gets effectively enhanced
when phytochemicals work as adjuvants with chemotherapeutic drugs. This comprehensive
review revolves around the latest chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic, and chemoprotective treatments
with their molecular mechanisms to treat breast cancer by utilising phytochemicals such as
vinca alkaloids, resveratrol, curcumin, paclitaxel, silibinin, quercetin, genistein, and epigallocatechin
gallate. The authors wish to extend the field of phytochemical study for its scientific validity
and its druggability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Sawanny
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201306, India
| | - Sheersha Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600036, India
| | - Unnati Agarwal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Delhi, Grand Trunk Road, Phagwara, Punjab-144001, India
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Shamekhi S, Abdolalizadeh J, Ostadrahimi A, Mohammadi SA, Barzegari A, Lotfi H, Bonabi E, Zarghami N. Apoptotic Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Human Colon Cancer SW480 Cells by Regulation of Akt/NF-ĸB Signaling Pathway. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:311-319. [PMID: 30788662 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the major problems, which causes recurrence of cancers. Therefore, complementary treatments are needed to improve the impacts of chemotherapy agents. The effect of probiotics as cancer-preventing agents through involvement in the activation of apoptotic pathways has been established. The present study sought to investigate how the heat-killed form of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as a probiotic) could affect the Akt/NF-kB-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells, the SW480 cell line. The cytotoxic effects of heat-killed yeast (HKY) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, as a positive control drug) were assayed using the MTT method. Morphological changes followed by apoptosis were examined using DAPI staining. The transcription and translation level of apoptosis genes were explored with qRT-PCR and western blotting. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism V6.0 Software. The results showed that HKY could induce apoptosis in colon cancer cell line through downregulation of p-Akt1, Rel A, Bcl-XL, pro-caspase 3, and pro-caspase 9 expressions, and upregulation of BAX, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9. Besides, Akt protein expression was not affected. It is noticeable that HKY had a better modulating effect on BAX expression compared with 5-FU. It was able to modulate Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway followed by the apoptotic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shamekhi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Abolghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esat Bonabi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Talebi M, Talebi M, Farkhondeh T, Simal-Gandara J, Kopustinskiene DM, Bernatoniene J, Samarghandian S. Emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying anticancer indications of chrysin. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:214. [PMID: 33858433 PMCID: PMC8050922 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin has been shown to exert several beneficial pharmacological activities. Chrysin has anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective as well as gastrointestinal, respiratory, reproductive, ocular, and skin protective effects through modulating signaling pathway involved in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In the current review, we discussed the emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic indications of chrysin in various cancers. Online databases comprising Scopus, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, Science Direct, Web of Science, and the search engine Google Scholar were searched for available and eligible research articles. The search was conducted by using MeSH terms and keywords in title, abstract, and keywords. In conclusion, experimental studies indicated that chrysin could ameliorate cancers of the breast, gastrointestinal tract, liver and hepatocytes, bladder, male and female reproductive systems, choroid, respiratory tract, thyroid, skin, eye, brain, blood cells, leukemia, osteoblast, and lymph. However, more studies are needed to enhance the bioavailability of chrysin and evaluate this agent in clinical trial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1991953381, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
- Food Safety Net Services (FSNS), San Antonio, TX, 78216, USA
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovscular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Dalia M Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Nikmanesh F, Sarhadi S, Dadashpour M, Asgari Y, Zarghami N. Omics Integration Analysis Unravel the Landscape of Driving Mechanisms of Colorectal Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3539-3549. [PMID: 33369450 PMCID: PMC8046321 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancers and results in a substantial rate of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of this malignancy in early stages increases the chance of effective treatment. High-throughput data analyses reveal omics signatures and also provide the possibility of developing computational models for early detection of this disease. Such models would be able to use as complementary tools for early detection of different types of cancers including CRC. In this study, using gene expression data, the Flux balance analysis (FBA) applied to decode metabolic fluxes in cancer and normal cells. Moreover, transcriptome and genome analyses revealed driver agents of CRC in a biological network scheme. By applying comprehensive publicly available data from TCGA, different aspect of CRC regulome including the regulatory effect of gene expression, methylation, microRNA, copy number aberration and point mutation profile over protein levels investigated and the results provide a regulatory picture underlying CRC. Compiling omics profiles indicated snapshots of changes in different omics levels and flux rate of CRC. In conclusion, considering obtained CRC signatures and their role in biological operating systems of cells, the results suggest reliable driver regulatory modules that could potentially serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets and furthermore expand our understanding of driving mechanisms of this disease. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nikmanesh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization-Research Center, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, IBTO blg., Hemmat Exp. Way, Teheran, Iran.
| | - Shamim Sarhadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Yazdan Asgari
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization-Research Center, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, IBTO blg., Hemmat Exp. Way, Teheran, Iran.
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Moghadam ER, Ang HL, Asnaf SE, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Yavari M, Esmaeili H, Zarrabi A, Ashrafizadeh M, Kumar AP. Broad-Spectrum Preclinical Antitumor Activity of Chrysin: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1374. [PMID: 32992587 PMCID: PMC7600196 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological profile of phytochemicals has attracted much attention to their use in disease therapy. Since cancer is a major problem for public health with high mortality and morbidity worldwide, experiments have focused on revealing the anti-tumor activity of natural products. Flavonoids comprise a large family of natural products with different categories. Chrysin is a hydroxylated flavonoid belonging to the flavone category. Chrysin has demonstrated great potential in treating different disorders, due to possessing biological and therapeutic activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, etc. Over recent years, the anti-tumor activity of chrysin has been investigated, and in the present review, we provide a mechanistic discussion of the inhibitory effect of chrysin on proliferation and invasion of different cancer cells. Molecular pathways, such as Notch1, microRNAs, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), PI3K/Akt, MAPK, etc., as targets of chrysin are discussed. The efficiency of chrysin in promoting anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents and suppressing drug resistance is described. Moreover, poor bioavailability, as one of the drawbacks of chrysin, is improved using various nanocarriers, such as micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, etc. This updated review will provide a direction for further studies in evaluating the anti-tumor activity of chrysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran;
| | - Hui Li Ang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Sholeh Etehad Asnaf
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, IslamicAzad University, Tehran 165115331, Iran;
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Mohammad Yavari
- Nursing and Midwifery Department, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran 1916893813, Iran;
| | - Hossein Esmaeili
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
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Noel B, Singh SK, Lillard JW, Singh R. Role of natural compounds in preventing and treating breast cancer. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2020; 12:137-160. [PMID: 32114452 DOI: 10.2741/s544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Alarming increases in the cases quests for more effective treatment of BrCa. As most chemotherapeutic drugs are associated with drug resistance, cancer relapse, and side effects, scientists are turning to agents with more efficacy, such as natural compounds for treatment and prevention of BrCa. Selected natural compounds, substances derived from living organisms, promote apoptosis and inhibit metastasis, preventing cancer growth. As a result, these compounds have the potential to suppress BrCa progression, thus increasing patient survival rates and decreasing the number of BrCa-related deaths. In this review, we summarize natural compounds that have displayed, anti-cancer effects on BrCa cells in various studies. These natural compounds inhibit the development of BrCa, suppress the growth of cancer cells, and promote cell death. We conclude that natural compounds are efficient, effective and promising agents for treating BrCa other than therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Noel
- Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive SW, Atlanta GA 30310
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology,Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview drive, SW, Atlanta- 30310 USA
| | - James W Lillard
- Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive SW, Atlanta GA 30310
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive SW, Atlanta,
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Rasouli S, Zarghami N. Synergistic Growth Inhibitory Effects of Chrysin and Metformin Combination on Breast Cancer Cells through hTERT and Cyclin D1 Suppression. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:977-982. [PMID: 29693804 PMCID: PMC6031784 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.4.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the possibility of a novel chemopreventive strategy for improving breast cancer treatment, the anticancer effects of a combination two natural compounds, Chrysin and Metformin, against T47D breast cancer cells were investigated. Materials and Methods: After treatment of T47D cells with Metformin, Chrysin and the two drugs in combination, toxicity to cancer cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Real time PCR was then used to determine the expression levels of hTERT and cyclin D1 genes. Results: The MTT test findings showed that the combination of metformin and chrysin had high synergistic effects in killing cancer cells. In addition PCR demonstrated a significant decrease in cyclin D1 and hTERT gene expression in the T47D breast cancer cell line. Conclusion: The conmbination of metformin and chrysin suppressing hTERT and cyclin D1 gene expression might offer an appropriate approach for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rasouli
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch,Tabriz, Iran.
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Wang J, Wang H, Sun K, Wang X, Pan H, Zhu J, Ji X, Li X. Chrysin suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion in glioblastoma cell lines via mediating the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:721-733. [PMID: 29662304 PMCID: PMC5892952 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s160020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Chrysin, an active natural bioflavonoid, has been proven to protect against carcinogenesis. However, the role of chrysin in glioblastoma and the potential molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In our previous study, we found that nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is highly expressed in a variety of glioblastoma cell lines associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor effects of chrysin in glioblastoma cells and how chrysin is related to the MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Methods A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and a plate colony formation assay were performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Cell migration ability was tested by a wound-healing assay. Transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assay were used to test the migration and invasion potential of cells. Nrf2 was knocked down by shRNA transfection. Protein expression was determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The in vivo anticancer effect was measured using tumor xenografts in nude mice. Results Chrysin inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity of glioblastoma cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Mechanistically, chrysin deactivated the Nrf2 signaling pathway by decreasing the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus and suppressing the expression of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase-1, meanwhile, Nrf2 shRNA attenuated the anticancer activity of chrysin. Furthermore, chrysin downregulated the protein expression of p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), but did not significantly affect p-JNK and p-P38 expression levels. However, the downregulated level of Nrf2 and the antitumor effect of chrysin in glioblastoma cell lines were partially abrogated by the ERK1/2 signaling inhibitor (U0126). Finally, chrysin inhibited tumor growth in U87 xenografts. Conclusion Our results show that chrysin exerts anticancer activity in glioblastoma cell lines possibly via the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway and indicate the potential application of chrysin as a natural sensitizer in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangjian Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Sarhadi S, Sadeghi S, Nikmanesh F, Pilehvar Soltanahmadi Y, Shahabi A, Fekri Aval S, Zarghami N. A Systems Biology Approach Provides Deeper Insights into Differentially Expressed Genes in Taxane-Anthracycline Chemoresistant and Non-Resistant Breast Cancers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2629-2636. [PMID: 29072056 PMCID: PMC5747381 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.10.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To date, numerous studies have been conducted to search for reasons for chemoresistance and
differences in survival rates of patients receiving chemotherapy. We have sought to identify differentially expressed
genes (DEGs) between predicted chemotherapy resistance and sensitive phenotypes by a network as well as gene
enrichment approach. Methods: Functional modules were explored with network analysis of DEGs in predicted
neoadjuvant taxane-anthracycline resistance versus sensitive cases in the GSE25066 dataset, including 508 samples. A
linear model was created by limma package in R to establish DEGs. Results: A gene set related to phagocytic vesicle
membrane was found to be up-regulated in chemoresistance samples. Also, we found GO_CYTOKINE_ACTIVITY
and GO_GROWTH_FACTOR BINDING to be up-regulated gene sets with the chemoresistance phenotype. Growth
factors and cytokines are two groups of agents that induce the immune system to recruit APCs and promote tolerogenic
phagocytosis. Some hub nodes like S100A8 were found to be important in the chemoresistant tumor cell network with
associated high rank genes in GSEA. Conclusions: Functional gene sets and hub nodes could be considered as potential
treatment targets. Moreover, by screening and enrichment analysis of a chemoresistance network, ligands and chemical
agents have been found that could modify significant gene sets like the phagocytic vesicle membrane functional gene
set as a key to chemoresistance. They could also impact on down- or up-regulated hub nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Sarhadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Akram M, Iqbal M, Daniyal M, Khan AU. Awareness and current knowledge of breast cancer. Biol Res 2017; 50:33. [PMID: 28969709 PMCID: PMC5625777 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a worldwide public health dilemma and is currently the most common tumour in the globe. Awareness of breast cancer, public attentiveness, and advancement in breast imaging has made a positive impact on recognition and screening of breast cancer. Breast cancer is life-threatening disease in females and the leading cause of mortality among women population. For the previous two decades, studies related to the breast cancer has guided to astonishing advancement in our understanding of the breast cancer, resulting in further proficient treatments. Amongst all the malignant diseases, breast cancer is considered as one of the leading cause of death in post menopausal women accounting for 23% of all cancer deaths. It is a global issue now, but still it is diagnosed in their advanced stages due to the negligence of women regarding the self inspection and clinical examination of the breast. This review addresses anatomy of the breast, risk factors, epidemiology of breast cancer, pathogenesis of breast cancer, stages of breast cancer, diagnostic investigations and treatment including chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapies, hormone replacement therapy, radiation therapy, complementary therapies, gene therapy and stem-cell therapy etc for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Old Campus, Allam Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Iqbal
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University Karachi, Main Campus, Sharea Madinat al-Hikmah, Mohammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi, 74600 Sindh Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University Karachi, Main Campus, Sharea Madinat al-Hikmah, Mohammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi, 74600 Sindh Pakistan
| | - Asmat Ullah Khan
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy & Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, RibeirãoPreto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, AV. Bandeirantes, 3900, RibeirãoPreto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, School of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Hajira Road, Shamsabad, Rawalakot, 12350 Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan
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