Mammographic Density Distribution in Ras Al Khaimah (RAK): Relationships with Demographic and Reproductive Factors

Risk of Breast Cancer Revealed by Mammographic Screening in Czech Women Aged 40-45 Years, a Monocentric Cohort Study

The aim of the present study was to evaluate breast cancer risk in women aged 40-45 years not included in the routine mammographic screening programme in the Czech Republic and to assess the suitability of the screening interval. Our cohort study was conducted using registry data of one mammography centre (Bulovka Hospital in Prague) between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2017. The risk of breast cancer was evaluated using a positive predictive finding (PPF) corresponding to the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) scores of 4 and 5. The annual PPF incidence rate achieved 2.25 per 1000 women aged 40-45 years and was not significantly different from that (3.31) of women of 45-50 years of age as demonstrated by an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.42-1.33). It was found that a screening interval longer than 3 years increased the chance of PPF occurrence 1.7 times independently of the women's age, signalling a risk of failure of early detection of breast cancer. The same PPF incidence rates both in women aged 40-45 years and in older ones indicates that even younger women should be eligible for enrolment in the routine mammographic screening programme in the Czech Republic.

Mammographic Breast Density of Japanese Women Living in Australia: Implications for Breast Screening Policy

Background:

Mammographic Breast Density (MBD) increases breast cancer risk, lowers sensitivity of mammography and is related to ethnicity. This study compared the MBD of Australian women living in Australia (AW), Japanese women living in Japan (JWJ) and Japan-born women living in Australia (JWA). The outcomes have implications for breast screening policies in Australia.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, mammographic images were collected from a total of 677 women who were examined at BreastScreen NSW or Miyata Hospital, Japan. The images were retrospectively evaluated using the 5^th edition Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) to assess the level of MBD. Descriptive analyses and binary logistic regressions were performed.

Results:

More than 65% of AW had low MBD while the majority of JWJ had high MBD. Among AW, low MBD was found in women aged 40-49 and 50-59. The MBD of JWA showed a similar pattern to JWJ but with a slightly lower MBD. The great majority of JWA aged 40-49 were found to have high MBD compared to women aged 50-59. JWJ were categorised as high MBD regardless of their age. JWA were 5 times more likely and JWJ were 15 times more likely to have high MBD compared to AW.

Conclusion:

Mammography screening becomes more effective for JW after migration to Australia. For JWA aged 40-49 years, supplemental screening options are indicated to provide better cancer detection. For AW, screening mammography could be equally as effective for AW aged 40-49 years as for those aged 50-59.