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A Review of Medicinal Plants of the Himalayas with Anti-Proliferative Activity for the Treatment of Various Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163898. [PMID: 36010892 PMCID: PMC9406073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Drugs are used to treat cancer. Most drugs available in the market are chemosynthetic drugs and have side effects on the patient during and after the treatment, in addition to cancer itself. For instance, hair loss, loss of skin color and texture, loss of energy, nausea, infertility, etc. To overcome these side effects, naturally obtained drugs from medicinal plants are preferred. Our review paper aims to encourage the study of anticancer medicinal plants by giving detailed information on thirty-three medicinal plants and parts that constitute the phytochemicals responsible for the treatment of cancer. The development of plant-based drugs could be a game changer in treating cancer as well as boosting the immune system. Abstract Cancer is a serious and significantly progressive disease. Next to cardiovascular disease, cancer has become the most common cause of mortality in the entire world. Several factors, such as environmental factors, habitual activities, genetic factors, etc., are responsible for cancer. Many cancer patients seek alternative and/or complementary treatments because of the high death rate linked with cancer and the adverse side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Traditional medicine has a long history that begins with the hunt for botanicals to heal various diseases, including cancer. In the traditional medicinal system, several plants used to treat diseases have many bioactive compounds with curative capability, thereby also helping in disease prevention. Plants also significantly contributed to the modern pharmaceutical industry throughout the world. In the present review, we have listed 33 medicinal plants with active and significant anticancer activity, as well as their anticancer compounds. This article will provide a basic set of information for researchers interested in developing a safe and nontoxic active medicinal plant-based treatment for cancer. The research will give a scientific foundation for the traditional usage of these medicinal herbs to treat cancer.
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Makhija P, Kathuria H, Sethi G, Grobben B. Polymeric Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Black Tea and Coffee Extracts for Topical Applications. Gels 2021; 7:174. [PMID: 34698154 PMCID: PMC8544385 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea and coffee are popular beverages. Both are also used in topical applications, such as ultraviolet (UV) protection, anti-aging, and wound healing. However, the impact of tea and coffee extract on skin cells is minimally explored. This study investigated the direct exposure of tea and coffee extract on skin cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. It was found that direct exposure of tea and coffee to skin cells can be toxic at a high dose on prolonged exposure (72 h). Therefore, it was hypothesized that a formulation providing a controlled release of tea and coffee could improve their skin compatibility. Thermally cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels loaded with tea and coffee extracts (with and without milk) were formulated and optimized. The release profiles of these hydrogels were studied at varying loading efficiency. Milk addition with tea extract retarded the tea extract release from hydrogel while minimally affecting the coffee release. This effect was due to the molecular interaction of tea with milk components, showing changes in size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index. The release study best fitted the Korsmeyer-Peppas release model. Skin cells exposed to tea or coffee-loaded hydrogel showed normal skin cell morphology under fluorescence microscopic analysis. In conclusion, the hydrogels controlled the tea and coffee release and showed biocompatibility with skin cells. It can potentially be used for skin applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Makhija
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
- Nusmetic Pvt Ltd., Makerspace, i4 Building, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Blk MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
| | - Bert Grobben
- Budding Innovations Pvt Ltd., 06-02 Jellicoe Rd, Singapore 208766, Singapore
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Chilczuk B, Marciniak B, Kontek R, Materska M. Diversity of the Chemical Profile and Biological Activity of Capsicum annuum L. Extracts in Relation to Their Lipophilicity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175215. [PMID: 34500648 PMCID: PMC8434587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol extracts of two types of pepper (sweet and hot) were separated into fractions with increasing lipophilicity. After drying the extracts and fractions, their chemical composition, anti-radical activity in the DPPH radical system, and cytotoxic activity against PC-3 and HTC-116 cells were determined. A detailed qualitative analysis of the fractions was performed with the LC-QTOF-MS method. It was found that the chemical composition of pepper fractions did not always reflect their biological activity. The highest antiradical activity was detected in the fraction eluted with 40% methanol from sweet pepper. The highest total content of phenolic compounds was found in an analogous fraction from hot pepper, and this fraction showed the strongest cytotoxic effect on the PC-3 tumour line. The LC-MS analysis identified 53 compounds, six of which were present only in sweet pepper and four only in hot pepper. The unique chemical composition of the extracts was found to modulate their biological activity, which can only be verified experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chilczuk
- Group of Phytochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Beata Marciniak
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (B.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (B.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Materska
- Group of Phytochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-6749
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4
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Shi X, Luo X, Chen T, Guo W, Liang C, Tang S, Mo J. Naringenin inhibits migration, invasion, induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cells and arrests tumour progression in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2021. [PMID: 33523599 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the major cause for high-death rate all over the world, due to increased metastasize and difficulties in diagnosis. Naringenin is naturally occurring flavonoid found in various fruits including tomatoes, citrus fruit and figs. Naringenin is known to have several therapeutic effects including anti-atherogenic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-mutagenic. The present study was aimed to analyse the naringenin induced anti-proliferative and apoptosis effects in human lung cancer cells. Cells were treated with various concentrations of naringenin (10, 100 & 200 µmol/L) for 48 hours. Cisplatin (20 µg/mL) was used as positive control. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration and mRNA, and protein expression of caspase-3, matrixmetallo proteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were determined. The cell viability was 93.7 ± 7.5, 51.4 ± 4.4 and 32.1 ± 2.1 at 10, 100 and 200 µmol/L of naringenin respectively. Naringenin significantly increased apoptotic cells. The 100 and 200 µmol/L of naringenin significantly suppressed the larger wounds of cultured human cancer cells compared with the untreated lung cancer cells. Naringenin increased d the expression of caspase-3 and reduced the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Taking all these data together, it is suggested that the naringenin was effective against human lung cancer proliferation, migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Shi
- Guangzhou key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth hospital of Guangzhou Medial University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Luo
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The Fifth hospital of Guangzhou Medial University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangzhou key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth hospital of Guangzhou Medial University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Guangzhou key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth hospital of Guangzhou Medial University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanjin Liang
- Guangzhou key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth hospital of Guangzhou Medial University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihan Tang
- Guangzhou key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth hospital of Guangzhou Medial University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Mo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Shi X, Luo X, Chen T, Guo W, Liang C, Tang S, Mo J. Naringenin inhibits migration, invasion, induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cells and arrests tumour progression in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2563-2571. [PMID: 33523599 PMCID: PMC7933922 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the major cause for high-death rate all over the world, due to increased metastasize and difficulties in diagnosis. Naringenin is naturally occurring flavonoid found in various fruits including tomatoes, citrus fruit and figs. Naringenin is known to have several therapeutic effects including anti-atherogenic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-mutagenic. The present study was aimed to analyse the naringenin induced anti-proliferative and apoptosis effects in human lung cancer cells. Cells were treated with various concentrations of naringenin (10, 100 & 200 µmol/L) for 48 hours. Cisplatin (20 µg/mL) was used as positive control. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration and mRNA, and protein expression of caspase-3, matrixmetallo proteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were determined. The cell viability was 93.7 ± 7.5, 51.4 ± 4.4 and 32.1 ± 2.1 at 10, 100 and 200 µmol/L of naringenin respectively. Naringenin significantly increased apoptotic cells. The 100 and 200 µmol/L of naringenin significantly suppressed the larger wounds of cultured human cancer cells compared with the untreated lung cancer cells. Naringenin increased d the expression of caspase-3 and reduced the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Taking all these data together, it is suggested that the naringenin was effective against human lung cancer proliferation, migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Shi
- Guangzhou key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Department of Radiation OncologyThe Fifth hospital of Guangzhou Medial UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xueping Luo
- Department of Thoracic surgeryThe Fifth hospital of Guangzhou Medial UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangzhou key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Department of Radiation OncologyThe Fifth hospital of Guangzhou Medial UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Guo
- Guangzhou key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Department of Radiation OncologyThe Fifth hospital of Guangzhou Medial UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chanjin Liang
- Guangzhou key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Department of Radiation OncologyThe Fifth hospital of Guangzhou Medial UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Sihan Tang
- Guangzhou key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Department of Radiation OncologyThe Fifth hospital of Guangzhou Medial UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianming Mo
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
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Ghaffari H, Ataei-Pirkooh A, Mirghazanfari SM, Barati M. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection by Sambucus ebulus extract in vitro. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:9. [PMID: 33996660 PMCID: PMC8111625 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The emergence of drug-resistant strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been increasingly reported. Therefore, attempts to discover new antiviral agents in particular from natural compounds are required. In this study, we evaluated the possible inhibitory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Sambucus ebulus (S. ebulus ) against HSV-1. Methods: S. ebulus extract was produced by maceration method. MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity effects of the S. ebulus extract; also, antiviral effects were measured both by test TCID50 and quantitative real-time PCR methods. To study the inhibitory impact of S. ebulus extract on the expression of HSV-1 antigens, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was also performed. All analyses were performed using the GraphPad Prism software v. 7.0. Results: In the postexposure assay of HSV-1 with S. ebulus extract at the highest nontoxic concentration (75 μg/mL), S. ebulus extract led to 2.6 log10 TCID50 reduction in infectious virus titer. At the highest nontoxic concentration, the S. ebulus extract led to inhibition rates of 91.2%, based on the quantitative real-time PCR assay results (p<0.001). Also, in the immunofluorescence assay, a significant reduction was observed in fluorescence emission intensity in HSV-1-infected cell treated with S. ebulus extract compared to the control group. Conclusion: S. ebulus extract is a novel and effective natural compound in reducing HSV-1 titer and future studies should be conducted to discover the complete mechanism of antiviral effect of this natural compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Ghaffari
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Angila Ataei-Pirkooh
- Department of Medical Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari
- Department of Physiology and Iranian Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barati
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chow PH, Bowen J, Yool AJ. Combined Systematic Review and Transcriptomic Analyses of Mammalian Aquaporin Classes 1 to 10 as Biomarkers and Prognostic Indicators in Diverse Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1911. [PMID: 32679804 PMCID: PMC7409285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) channels enable regulated transport of water and solutes essential for fluid homeostasis, but they are gaining attention as targets for anticancer therapies. Patterns of AQP expression and survival rates for patients were evaluated by systematic review (PubMed and Embase) and transcriptomic analyses of RNAseq data (Human Protein Atlas database). Meta-analyses confirmed predominantly negative associations between AQP protein and RNA expression levels and patient survival times, most notably for AQP1 in lung, breast and prostate cancers; AQP3 in esophageal, liver and breast cancers; and AQP9 in liver cancer. Patterns of AQP expression were clustered for groups of cancers and associated with risk of death. A quantitative transcriptomic analysis of AQP1-10 in human cancer biopsies similarly showed that increased transcript levels of AQPs 1, 3, 5 and 9 were most frequently associated with poor survival. Unexpectedly, increased AQP7 and AQP8 levels were associated with better survival times in glioma, ovarian and endometrial cancers, and increased AQP11 with better survival in colorectal and breast cancers. Although molecular mechanisms of aquaporins in pathology or protection remain to be fully defined, results here support the hypothesis that overexpression of selected classes of AQPs differentially augments cancer progression. Beyond fluid homeostasis, potential roles for AQPs in cancers (suggested from an expanding appreciation of their functions in normal tissues) include cell motility, membrane process extension, transport of signaling molecules, control of proliferation and apoptosis, increased mechanical compliance, and gas exchange. AQP expression also has been linked to differences in sensitivity to chemotherapy treatments, suggesting possible roles as biomarkers for personalized treatments. Development of AQP pharmacological modulators, administered in cancer-specific combinations, might inspire new interventions for controlling malignant carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; (P.H.C.); (J.B.)
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Chow HC, So TH, Choi HCW, Lam KO. Literature Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbs-Induced Liver Injury From an Oncological Perspective With RUCAM. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 18:1534735419869479. [PMID: 31405304 PMCID: PMC6693029 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419869479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs are commonly regarded to be safe with
minimal toxicities in Chinese communities. Cancer patients who are receiving
Western oncology therapy often concurrently take TCM herbs for anticancer and
symptom relief purposes. We performed a literature review for current evidence
on TCM herb–induced liver injury from an oncological perspective. A literature
search on PubMed was performed to identify publications regarding TCM herbs and
concoctions with hepatoprotective or hepatotoxic properties. Lists of commonly
used herbs and their causality levels were compiled. In view of the wide range
of evidence available, cases assessed by the well-established RUCAM (Roussel
Uclaf Causality Assessment Method) algorithm were categorized as the highest
level of evidence. More than one case of TCM herb–induced liver injury was
confirmed by RUCAM in the following herbs and concoctions: Lu Cha
(Camellia sinensis), Bai Xian Pi (Dictamnus
dasycarpus), Tu San Qi (Gynura segetum), Jin Bu
Huan (Lycopodium serratum), He Shou Wu (Polygoni
multiflora), Ge Gen (Pueraria lobata), Dan Lu Tong
Du tablet, Shou Wu Pian, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Xiao Yin pill, and Yang Xue Sheng Fa
capsule. Finally, TCM with anticancer or symptom relief uses were discussed in
detail with regard to their hepatotoxic or hepatoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei Ching Chow
- 1 Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz Him So
- 1 Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Horace Cheuk Wai Choi
- 1 Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka On Lam
- 1 Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Safari F, Rabieepor M, Jamalomidi F, Baghaeifar Z, Khodaei L. Evaluation of Anti-cancer and Pro-apoptotic Activities of Iranian Green Tea Extract Against A549,PC3, and MCF-7 Cancer Cell Lines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE IN MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ijbsm.2019.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Green tea contains active polyphenols including catechins. The goal of the current study was to evaluate anti-cancer effects of Iranian green tea extract (IGTE) on 3 human cancer cell lines including A549, PC3, and MCF-7. Methods: First, Camellia sinensis was obtained from Lahijan, a city in the north of Iran and then IGTE was prepared. Next, catechins of IGTE were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Finally, the cell viability of different cancer cells was evaluated by treatment with IGTE at concentration between 100 and 1000 µg/mL for 72 hours using MTT assay. Cell death of treated cancer cells was assessed by DAPI staining and RT-PCR method. Results: Our results demonstrated the potential anti-tumor activity of IGTE on MCF-7 cells (IC50= 400 µM), A549 cells (IC50= 500 µM), and PC3 cells (IC50= 600 µM), respectively. Chromatin damages within the nucleus of the treated cancer cells were shown. In addition, we found that IGTE induced apoptosis by up-regulation of Bax (a pro-apoptotic protein) and down-regulation of Bcl2 (an anti-apoptotic protein). Conclusion: Herein, we showed that IGTE is a potent natural product with anti-tumor activity on breast, lung, and prostate cancer cells. The efficacy of current therapies against cancer is limited by a range of adverse effects, toxicity, and drug resistance; therefore, new therapeutic strategies and more effective agents, particularly with natural origin, are desired and green tea may be a potent candidate in the field of cancer therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Jamalomidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Baghaeifar
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khodaei
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
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Tan Q, Peng L, Huang Y, Huang W, Bai W, Shi L, Li X, Chen T. Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis on Antioxidant and Anticancer Actions of Theaflavins on Human Colon Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:159-170. [PMID: 30474978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The roles of natural products as effective cancer prevention and therapeutic agents have been documented by various studies in recent years, but the action mechanisms and structure-activity relationship need more elucidation. The present study showed that theaflavins (theaflavin and its derivatives, TFs) from black tea caused an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human colon adenocarcinoma cancer SW480 cells and human colon cancer SW620 cells [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 32.0 μM] by the induction of cell cycle arrest but exerted lower toxicity against normal cells with a high safety index (1.89-6.26). Moreover, TFs triggered a decrease in reactive oxygen species in SW480 cells as a result of their excellent radical-scavenging ability (e.g., the IC50 value of TF4 to ABTS• + was 1.91 ± 0.21 μM). More importantly, the structure-activity relationship analysis of TFs exhibited that the galloyl group was an important factor to affect these activities. Taken together, we revealed that the TFs could act as substitutes for natural antioxidants and promising anticancer agents with beneficial influence on human health and then anticipated that this study may provide useful information on the development of therapeutic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijiao Peng
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong 524000 , People's Republic of China
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