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Lobanova O, Medvedieva N, Fishchuk L, Dubitska O, Cheshuk V, Vereshchako R, Zakhartseva L, Rossokha Z, Gorovenko N. Methylation of promoter region of BRCA1 gene versus pathogenic variants of gene: risk factor or clinical marker of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 196:505-515. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Borges BDN. Epigenetic alterations in canine mammary cancer. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220131. [PMID: 36279498 PMCID: PMC9593226 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In dogs, mammary cancer is the most common tumor type, especially in unspayed females. As in humans, this type of cancer has spontaneous development and is influenced by several risk factors, such as age and hormonal exposure in addition to genetic and epigenetic factors. Epigenetic mechanisms are responsible for gene expression modulation without alterations in the DNA sequence and include but are not limited to DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Epigenetic patterns are known to influence a variety of biological mechanisms, such as cellular differentiation and development, and dysregulations of those patterns may result in several diseases, such as cancer. In this respect, this review summarizes the main findings concerning epigenetic alterations in canine mammary cancer, their relationship with the carcinogenic process, and their use as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara do Nascimento Borges
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Cheng J, Li M, Tzeng CM, Gou X, Chen S. Suppression of Tumorigenicity 5 Ameliorates Tumor Characteristics of Invasive Breast Cancer Cells via ERK/JNK Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621500. [PMID: 34395234 PMCID: PMC8356645 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppression of tumorigenicity 5 (ST5) has been considered as a tumor suppressor gene in HeLa tumor cells. However, its role in the progression of breast cancer remains vague. METHODS Online database analysis was determined by Oncomine and Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner v4.4 (bc-GenExMiner v4.4). Tumor biology behaviors were measured by MTT assay, wound healing model, Transwell and Flow cytometry assays. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was employed to detect promoter methylation. RESULTS Low level of ST5 was observed in breast cancer specimens, particularly in recurrent, invasive breast cancer cases compared to para-carcinoma tissue or non-invasive breast cancer. The downregulation of ST5 was also proved in MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cell lines with a high invasive capability as compared to MCF-7 cell with a low invasive capability. ST5 was negatively associated with pathological stages of breast cancer. ST5-downregulation promoted, while ST5-upregulation inhibited the progression of cell proliferation, cell cycle and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, ST5 knockdown inhibited, whereas ST5 overexpression promoted apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. However, ST5 modification, either upregulation or downregulation, had no significant impact on tumor behaviors of MCF-7 cells. Mechanistically, ST5 protein ablation activated, while ST5-upregulation repressed the activities of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and JNK, and subsequently the expression of c-Myc. PD98059-mediated ERK1/2 inhibition abolished the stimulatory effects of ST5-depletion on ERK1/2/JNK/c-Myc signaling axis, and ST5 depletion-mediated cell over-proliferation and migration. Of note, ST5 reduction in invasive breast cancer cells should implicate in the hypermethylation of ST5 promoter region. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ST5 potentially acts as a tumor suppressor gene in invasive breast cancer through regulating ERK/JNK signaling pathway and provide a novel insight for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mingli Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiamen, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Academician Workstation of Chen Zhi-nan, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Academician Workstation of Chen Zhi-nan, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Ruscito I, Gasparri ML, De Marco MP, Costanzi F, Besharat AR, Papadia A, Kuehn T, Gentilini OD, Bellati F, Caserta D. The Clinical and Pathological Profile of BRCA1 Gene Methylated Breast Cancer Women: A Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061391. [PMID: 33808555 PMCID: PMC8003261 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA aberrant hypermethylation is the major cause of transcriptional silencing of the breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) gene in sporadic breast cancer patients. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to analyze all available studies reporting clinical characteristics of BRCA1 gene hypermethylated breast cancer in women, and to pool the results to provide a unique clinical profile of this cancer population. METHODS On September 2020, a systematic literature search was performed. Data were retrieved from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus by searching the terms: "BRCA*" AND "methyl*" AND "breast". All studies evaluating the association between BRCA1 methylation status and breast cancer patients' clinicopathological features were considered for inclusion. RESULTS 465 studies were retrieved. Thirty (6.4%) studies including 3985 patients met all selection criteria. The pooled analysis data revealed a significant correlation between BRCA1 gene hypermethylation and advanced breast cancer disease stage (OR = 0.75: 95% CI: 0.58-0.97; p = 0.03, fixed effects model), lymph nodes involvement (OR = 1.22: 95% CI: 1.01-1.48; p = 0.04, fixed effects model), and pre-menopausal status (OR = 1.34: 95% CI: 1.08-1.66; p = 0.008, fixed effects model). No association could be found between BRCA1 hypermethylation and tumor histology (OR = 0.78: 95% CI: 0.59-1.03; p = 0.08, fixed effects model), tumor grading (OR = 0.78: 95% CI :0.46-1.32; p = 0.36, fixed effects model), and breast cancer molecular classification (OR = 1.59: 95% CI: 0.68-3.72; p = 0.29, random effects model). CONCLUSIONS hypermethylation of the BRCA1 gene significantly correlates with advanced breast cancer disease, lymph nodes involvement, and pre-menopausal cancer onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilary Ruscito
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.P.D.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.B.); (F.B.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3377-5696
| | - Maria Luisa Gasparri
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ente Ospedaliere Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.L.G.); (A.P.)
- University of the Italian Switzerland (USI), Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maria Paola De Marco
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.P.D.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.B.); (F.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Flavia Costanzi
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.P.D.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.B.); (F.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Aris Raad Besharat
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.P.D.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.B.); (F.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Andrea Papadia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ente Ospedaliere Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.L.G.); (A.P.)
- University of the Italian Switzerland (USI), Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Kuehn
- Interdisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Esslingen, 73730 Neckar, Germany;
| | - Oreste Davide Gentilini
- Breast Surgery Unit, San Raffaele University Hospital, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Filippo Bellati
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.P.D.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.B.); (F.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Donatella Caserta
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.P.D.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.B.); (F.B.); (D.C.)
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Rahat B, Ali T, Sapehia D, Mahajan A, Kaur J. Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids as Epigenetic Biomarkers in Precision Medicine. Front Genet 2020; 11:844. [PMID: 32849827 PMCID: PMC7431953 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulating cell-free nucleic acids (ccfNAs) are a mixture of single- or double-stranded nucleic acids, released into the blood plasma/serum by different tissues via apoptosis, necrosis, and secretions. Under healthy conditions, ccfNAs originate from the hematopoietic system, whereas under various clinical scenarios, the concomitant tissues release ccfNAs into the bloodstream. These ccfNAs include DNA, RNA, microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), fetal DNA/RNA, and mitochondrial DNA/RNA, and act as potential biomarkers in various clinical conditions. These are associated with different epigenetic modifications, which show disease-related variations and so finding their role as epigenetic biomarkers in clinical settings. This field has recently emerged as the latest advance in precision medicine because of its clinical relevance in diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values. DNA methylation detected in ccfDNA has been widely used in personalized clinical diagnosis; furthermore, there is also the emerging role of ccfRNAs like miRNA and lncRNA as epigenetic biomarkers. This review focuses on the novel approaches for exploring ccfNAs as epigenetic biomarkers in personalized clinical diagnosis and prognosis, their potential as therapeutic targets and disease progression monitors, and reveals the tremendous potential that epigenetic biomarkers present to improve precision medicine. We explore the latest techniques for both quantitative and qualitative detection of epigenetic modifications in ccfNAs. The data on epigenetic modifications on ccfNAs are complex and often milieu-specific posing challenges for its understanding. Artificial intelligence and deep networks are the novel approaches for decoding complex data and providing insight into the decision-making in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenish Rahat
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Taqveema Ali
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divika Sapehia
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aatish Mahajan
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Li S, He Y, Li C, Liu X, Shen Y, Wu Y, Bai N, Li Q. The association between the methylation frequency of BRCA1/2 gene promoter and occurrence and prognosis of breast carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19345. [PMID: 32150073 PMCID: PMC7478499 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2) is a promising tumor marker in many types of cancer. However, the methylation frequency of BRCA1/2 gene with occurrence risk and survival benefit of patients with breast carcinoma remains controversy. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between BRCA1/2 gene promoter methylation and the occurrence and prognosis in breast carcinoma based on a meta-analysis, meanwhile, this article explored the differential expression levels of BRCA1/2 gene promoter methylation in peripheral blood and tumor tissues of breast cancer patients. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and CNKI) were searched up to June 2019. The number of BRCA1/2 promoter methylation-positive and -negative patients in breast carcinoma patients were measured, and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between BRCA1/2 gene promoter methylation and the prognosis of breast carcinoma patients. Primary end points were presence of breast cancer, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS). Statistical analysis was performed with STATA 12.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Fifty-eight articles including 19,084 individuals met full eligibility criteria. We observed that the frequency of BRCA1 gene promoter methylation was higher in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, and the prognostic analysis suggested that BRCA1 gene promoter methylation was significantly associated with poor overall survival and poor disease-free survival. This study also verified that there was no statistically significant difference in the methylation frequency of BRCA1 gene promoter between peripheral blood and tumor tissues in breast cancer patients, which suggests that the detection of BRCA1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood may be a non-invasive and rapid way to monitor the occurrence breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
| | - Yong He
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Chunli Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
| | - Xing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
| | - Yang Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Ningjing Bai
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
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Nassar FJ, Chamandi G, Tfaily MA, Zgheib NK, Nasr R. Peripheral Blood-Based Biopsy for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction and Early Detection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:28. [PMID: 32118013 PMCID: PMC7026666 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among women, breast cancer (BC) is not only the most common cancer worldwide but also the leading cause of cancer death. Only 5–10% of breast cancer cases are attributed to inherited mutations (BRCA1, BRCA2, and other breast cancer susceptibility genes). Breast cancer incidence has been rising particularly in young women who are not eligible for mammography, and it has been acting as a burden especially in developing countries that lack screening and awareness programs. For this reason, research has shifted to use minimally invasive liquid biopsies especially blood-based biomarkers with potential value for breast cancer risk prediction and early detection. This mini-review will tackle the different blood-based biomarkers focusing mainly on circulating miRNA, circulating proteins, cell-free nucleic acids, methylation patterns, and exosomes. It also introduces the potential opportunities for the clinical use of these blood-based biomarkers for breast cancer risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah J Nassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghada Chamandi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Ali Tfaily
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Khoueiry Zgheib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Sun J. RASSF-1A modulates proliferation-mediated oral squamous cell carcinoma progression. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:213. [PMID: 31423110 PMCID: PMC6693157 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the expression of RASSF-1A in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and adjacent tissues, and to explore its mechanism of action in the development of OSCC. Methods RASSF-1A and proliferation-related protein expression in clinical and OSCC mouse models were detected by qPCR and western blot. In vitro experiments were used siRNA knockdown of RASSF-1A gene in SCC9 cells to detect cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. In vivo experiments were performed using adenovirus overexpressing RASSF-1A gene in mice and observing tumor growth. Results The results of qPCR and western blot showed that the expression of RASSF-1A gene was decreased in OSCC, and the expression of CyclinD1 protein was increased. The results of co-immunoprecipitation showed that the two proteins were significantly combined in the oral cancer cell line. Knocking down the RASSF-1A gene in SCC9 cells promotes cell migration and proliferation, while reducing apoptosis and increasing CyclinD1 protein expression. Overexpression of RASSF-1A gene in mice reduces tumor volume and inhibits CyclinD1 protein expression. Conclusions Low expression of RASSF-1A gene in OSCC promotes the expression of CyclinD1 protein and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henan Provincial Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan China
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