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Al-Huqail AA, Alsudays IM, Alghanem SMS, Anwar R, Farid M, Sarfraz W, Zubair M, Asam ZUZ, Abbas M, Rizwan M. Treatment of marble industry wastewater by Brassica napus (L.) under oxalic acid amendment: efficacy as fodder and carcinogenic risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:35038-35054. [PMID: 38720126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, Brassica napus, a food plant, was grown for phytoextraction of selected heavy metals (HMs) from marble industry wastewater (WW) under oxalic acid (OA) amendment. The hydroponic experiment was performed under different combination of WW with OA in complete randomized design. Photosynthetic pigments and growth reduction were observed in plants treated with WW alone amendments. The combination of OA in combination with WW significantly enhanced the growth of plants along with antioxidant enzyme activities compared with WW-treated-only plants. HM stress alone enhanced the hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde contents in plants. OA-treated plants were observed with enhanced accumulation of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) concentrations in the roots and shoots of B. napus. The maximum concentration and accumulation of Cd in root, stem, and leaves was increased by 25%, 30%, and 30%; Cu by 42%, 24%, and 17%; and Pb by 45%, 24%, and 43%, respectively, under OA amendment. Average daily intake and hazard quotient (HQ) were calculated for males, females, and children in two phases of treatments in phytoremediation of metals before and after accumulation into B. napus leaves and stems. HQ of metals in the leaves and stem was < 1 before metal accumulation, whereas > 1 was observed after HM accumulation for all males, females, and children. Similarly, the hazard index of the three study types was found > 1. It was observed that the estimated excess lifetime cancer risk was of grade VII (very high risk), not within the accepted range of 1 × 10-4 to 1 × 10-6. Based on the present study, the increased levels of HMs up to carcinogenicity was observed in the B. napus which is not safe to be consumed later as food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Abdulkreem Al-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ramzan Anwar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Farid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Wajiha Sarfraz
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Zaki Ul Zaman Asam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Wang Y, Cao D, Qin J, Zhao S, Lin J, Zhang X, Wang J, Zhu M. Deterministic and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals in the Daily Diets of Residents in Industrial Regions of Northern Ningxia, China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023:10.1007/s12011-022-03538-3. [PMID: 36622522 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the toxic metal (aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) concentrations in drinking water and different foodstuffs meat (pork, beef, and mutton), cereals (rice, flour, corn, millet), beans (cowpeas, tofu), potatoes (potato, sweet potato), solanaceous fruits (pepper, eggplant, bitter gourd, cucumber), vegetables (cabbage, cauliflower, spinach), and fruits (apples, watermelons, pears, grapes)) and then estimate the potential health risks of toxic metal consumption to local residents in industrial regions of northern Ningxia, China. As in drinking water, Cr in meat, Pb in cereals, Pb in beans, As and Pb in potatoes, Pb in solanaceous fruits, Cr and Ni in vegetables, and Ni and Pb in fruits were the most contaminated heavy metals in the corresponding food with over-standard rates of 16.7%, 12.5%, 5.1%, 60%, 50%, 50%, 38.2%, 44.4%, 44.4%, 31.8%, and 31.8%, respectively.The results of the deterministic assessment of health risks showed that the total noncarcinogenic risk value of dietary intake of toxic metals by the local population was 5.6106, indicating that toxic metals pose a high noncarcinogenic risk. The order of the non-carcinogenic risk is HIcereal (1.2104) > HIsolanaceous fruit (0.9134) > HIVegetables (0.8726) > HIFruit (0.8170) > HIMeat (0.7269) > HIDrinking water (0.6139) > HIBeans (0.2991) > HIPotatoes (0.1573). The total carcinogenic health risk from exposure to toxic metals through dietary intake was 9.98 × 10-4, indicating that the total cancer risk value of residents is beyond the acceptable range (10-4) under the current daily dietary exposure and implies a high risk of cancer. The order of the carcinogenic risk is RDrinking water (2.34 × 10-4) > RMeat (2.11 × 10-4) > Rsolanaceous fruit (1.89 × 10-4) > RFruit (1.88 × 10-4) > Rcereal (1.36 × 10-4) > RPotatoes (2.44 × 10-5) > RVegetables (1.51 × 10-5) > RBeans (0). The probabilistic assessment results showed that 98.83% of the population is exposed to severe noncarcinogenic risk and 87.02% is exposed to unacceptable carcinogenic risk. The sensitivity analysis showed that drinking water, local cereals, vegetables, and fruits were the major contributors to health risks. Our results indicated that the daily dietary exposure of residents in industrial regions of northern Ningxia poses a serious threat to human health, and it is suggested that relevant departments should strengthen monitoring and control of the current situation of toxic metal pollution in the environment and continue to pay attention and take measures to reduce the exposure of toxic metals in the diets of residents in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Deyan Cao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jiaqi Qin
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianzai Lin
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Junji Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Li J, Ren J, Cui R, Yu K, Zhao Y. Optical imaging spectroscopy coupled with machine learning for detecting heavy metal of plants: A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1007991. [PMID: 36352874 PMCID: PMC9638174 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1007991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal elements, which inhibit plant development by destroying cell structure and wilting leaves, are easily absorbed by plants and eventually threaten human health via the food chain. Recently, with the increasing precision and refinement of optical instruments, optical imaging spectroscopy has gradually been applied to the detection and reaction of heavy metals in plants due to its in-situ, real-time, and simple operation compared with traditional chemical analysis methods. Moreover, the emergence of machine learning helps improve detection accuracy, making optical imaging spectroscopy comparable to conventional chemical analysis methods in some situations. This review (a): summarizes the progress of advanced optical imaging spectroscopy techniques coupled with artificial neural network algorithms for plant heavy metal detection over ten years from 2012-2022; (b) briefly describes and compares the principles and characteristics of spectroscopy and traditional chemical techniques applied to plants heavy metal detection, and the advantages of artificial neural network techniques including machine learning and deep learning techniques in combination with spectroscopy; (c) proposes the solutions such as coupling with other analytical and detection methods, portability, to address the challenges of unsatisfactory sensitivity of optical imaging spectroscopy and expensive instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmeng Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Ren
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruiyan Cui
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, China
| | - Keqiang Yu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, China
- Key Lab Agricultural Internet Things, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, China
- Key Lab Agricultural Internet Things, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, China
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Rahimi M, Rahimi G, Ebrahimi E, Moradi S. Assessing the distribution of cadmium under different land-use types and its effect on human health in different gender and age groups. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49258-49267. [PMID: 33932216 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic elements entering the food chain in various ways, including chemical fertilizers. This study aimed to assess different amounts and forms of available Cd in soils under wheat cultivation affected by long-term use of phosphorus chemical fertilizers and also to study the rate of Cd intake by people with age and gender differences. To investigate the Cd status in wheat-cultivated lands, 105 soil samples and also 24 wheat samples were collected from three land uses of rainfed, irrigated, and control one. Phosphorus levels were also measured in soil samples to investigate the relationship between the amount of chemical fertilizer consumption and the amount of Cd. The mean values of available Cd were 0.15, 0.18, and 0.08 (mg/kg) under three land-use types of rainfed, irrigated, and control one, respectively, and the mean values of total Cd were also 1.9, 2.22, and 1.30 in the rainfed land, irrigated land, and control one, respectively. The results showed that the amount of available and total Cd in the irrigated and rainfed lands was higher than the amount of Cd in the control sample. According to the results of Cd fractionation, the highest amounts of Cd were in the residual, carbonate, organic, soluble, and exchangeable fractions, respectively. The amounts of Cd in the three parts of root, stem, and grain were 1.08, 0.65, 0.91 (mg/kg), respectively. Finally, the results showed that the rate of Cd entry into the children's body was higher than that of adults and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Rahimi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, I. R., Iran
| | - Ghasem Rahimi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, I. R., Iran
| | - Eisa Ebrahimi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Guilan University, Rasht, I. R., Iran.
| | - Salahedin Moradi
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, PO. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, I. R., Iran
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