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Lotfaliei M, Rezaee E, Hajimahdi Z, Mahboubi Rabbani M, Zabihollahi R, Aghasadeghi MR, Tabatabai SA. Novel 2-(Diphenylmethylidene) Malonic Acid Derivatives as Anti-HIV Agents: Molecular Modeling, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 2021; 21:e123827. [PMID: 35765501 PMCID: PMC9191218 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr.123827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), is one of the world's most severe health and development challenges. In this study, a novel series of 2-(diphenyl methylidene) malonic acid derivatives were designed as triple inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. Docking models revealed that the target compounds have appropriate affinities to the active sites of the three HIV key enzymes. The synthesized malonic acid analogs were evaluated for their activities against the HIV virus (NL4-3) in HeLa cells cultures. Among them, compound 3 was the most potent anti-HIV agent with 55.20% inhibition at 10 μM and an EC50 of 8.4 μM. Interestingly, all the synthesized compounds do not show significant cytotoxicity at a concentration of 10 μM. As a result, these compounds may serve as worthy hits for the development of novel anti-HIV-agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Lotfaliei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rezaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hajimahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahboubi Rabbani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Sayyed Abbas Tabatabai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Abbasi M, Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A. HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase/Integrase Dual Inhibitors: A Review of Recent Advances and Structure-activity Relationship Studies. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:333-369. [PMID: 34567166 PMCID: PMC8457747 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.115446.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The significant threat to humanity is HIV infection, and it is uncertain whether a definitive treatment or a safe HIV vaccine is. HIV-1 is continually evolving and resistant to commonly used HIV-resistant medications, presenting significant obstacles to HIV infection management. The drug resistance adds to the need for new anti-HIV drugs; it chooses ingenious approaches to fight the emerging virus. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), a multi-target approach for specific therapies, has proved effective in AIDS treatment. Therefore, it is a dynamic system with high prescription tension, increased risk of medication reactions, and adverse effects, leading to poor compliance with patients. In the HIV-1 lifecycle, two critical enzymes with high structural and functional analogies are reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN), which can be interpreted as druggable targets for modern dual-purpose inhibitors. Designed multifunctional ligand (DML) is a new technique that recruited many targets to be achieved by one chemical individual. A single chemical entity that acts for multiple purposes can be much more successful than a complex multidrug program. The production of these multifunctional ligands as antiretroviral drugs is valued with the advantage that the viral-replication process may end in two or more phases. This analysis will discuss the RT-IN dual-inhibitory scaffolds' developments documented so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahboubi-Rabbani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbasi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajimahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ebrahimzadeh E, Tabatabai SA, Vahabpour R, Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling Study and Biological Evaluation of New N'-Arylidene-pyrido [2,3- d]pyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide Derivatives as Anti-HIV-1 Agents. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 18:237-248. [PMID: 32802103 PMCID: PMC7393058 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.112198.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to identify potential new agents that are active against HIV-1, a series of novel pyridopyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide derivatives featuring a substituted benzylidene fragment were designed and synthesized based on the general pharmacophore of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. The cytotoxicity profiles of these compounds showed no significant toxicity to human cells and they exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity with EC50 values ranging from 90 to 155 µM. Compound 5j bearing 4-methylbenzylidene group was found to be the most active compound with EC50 = 90 µM and selectivity index, CC50/EC50 = 6.4. Molecular modeling studies indicated the capacity of compound 5j to interact with two Mg2+ cations and several residues that are important in HIV-1 integrase inhibition. These findings suggested that pyridopyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide scaffold might become a promising template for development of novel anti-HIV-1 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Abbas Tabatabai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Vahabpour
- Medical Lab Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajimahdi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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