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Shafaei A, Ali Akbar Shamsian S, Ghodsi M, Sadabadi F, Shahi M. Influence of sexually transmitted infections on the cervical cytological abnormalities among Iranian women: A cross-sectional study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2023; 21:491-498. [PMID: 37560071 PMCID: PMC10407913 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v21i6.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the world's most severe health challenges. The existence of STIs such as human papillomavirus (HPV) might cause cervical cell changes leading to cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the association of STIs with cervical cytological abnormalities and genital warts among women in northeastern Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 190 women referred to the central laboratory of Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Mashhad, Iran from March to July 2022. The presence of genital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Herpes simplex viruses (1 and 2) were assessed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. HPV genital infection was detected based on the principles of reverse hybridization, and cellular changes in the cervix were examined by the liquid-based cytology technique. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 35.33 ± 8.9 yr. 34 different HPV genotypes were detected in all HPV-positive cases, and the most common genotype was low-risk HPV6. No significant association was found between STIs and cervical cytology abnormalities. The prevalence rates of sexually transmitted pathogens among HPV-positive and HPV-negative individuals were 10.9 and 1.6%, respectively. The frequency of genital warts was significantly higher in cases with multiple infections of high- and low-risk HPV genotypes. CONCLUSION High percentages of the participants with non-HPV STIs and HPV infection had normal cervical cytology. It is advised to use STIs and HPV diagnostic tests along with cytology examinations for cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Shafaei
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Akbar Shamsian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghodsi
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadabadi
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahi
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran
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Esteghamati A, Sayyahfar S, Khanaliha K, Tavakoli A, Naghdalipour M, Haghighi Hasanabad M. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and evaluation of its genotypes among pregnant women in Tehran, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 14:820-824. [PMID: 36721437 PMCID: PMC9867614 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v14i6.11256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen. Infection with C. trachomatis in pregnant women can result in maternal and fetal death, due to pelvic inflammatory disease. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this infection in pregnant women and identify circulating genotypes of C. trachomatis in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods Endocervical swabs were obtained from 101 pregnant women and tested by PCR assay to detect cryptic plasmid gene. Positive isolates were analyzed for C. trachomatis genotypes through amplification and sequencing of the omp1 gene and alignment with deposited sequences in Gene Bank. Results Infection with C. trachomatis was observed in 11 cases, yielding an overall prevalence of 10.8% in total. The majority of infected women were asymptomatic and the rate of infection was found more in women at the age of ≥30 years. However, no statistical association was found between C. trachomatis infection and risk factors in pregnant women. Analysis of isolated sequences revealed genotypes E (44.4%), D and F (both 22.2%), and K (11.2%) as main genotypes of C. trachomatis in this region. Conclusion Results of this study showed the prevalence of C. trachomatis infections among pregnant women is relatively high. Identifying the precise rate of infection and associated genotypes in other regions is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Naghdalipour
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Haghighi Hasanabad
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran,Corresponding author: Morteza Haghighi Hasanabad, Ph.D, Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Tel: +98-9216073158 Fax: +98-21-66516049
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Zare-Bidaki M, Zardast M, Nadjafi-Semnani A, Nadjafi-Semnani M, Javanmard D, Ghafari S, Ghanbarzadeh N. Investigation of frequency and typing of human papillomavirus among genital warts using a reverse dot blot hybridization approach. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:278. [PMID: 35317740 PMCID: PMC8941769 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, affecting about 80% of women up to the age of 50. The persistent infection of high risk-HPV types (HR-HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer, the fourth most common cancer of women. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the frequency and typing of HPV in the genital lesions in the Iranian population. Methods This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on a population in the South-Khorasan province of Iran. All of the participants were sexually active and were checked for evident cervical warts. Biopsy samples were collected from various lesions, and all samples were tested for detection and genotyping of HPV using a reverse dot blot hybridization method (HPV direct flow CHIP). Results In overall, 370 samples were evaluated; 10 cases (2.7%) were male and the rest were female. The mean age of patients was 33.3 ± 8.5 years, of which 48.1% were in the age range from 25 to 36 years. Among the samples, 345 (93.2%) were positive for HPV-DNA; the low risk HPV types (LR-HPV) and HR-HPV were identified among 80.9% and 15.5% of tissue samples, respectively. Among the LR-HPV, HPV-6, 11, 42 and 54 were the most common genotypes, and HPV-16 and 39 were prevalent HR-HPV types detected. The number of pregnancies, marriage age, and partner infection were not significantly related to the HPV types. Types 42 had a declining pattern toward aging, and HPV-11 was increasing toward aging. Conclusion The number of samples with HR-HPV was rather high. Due to the greater frequency of infection in the age range of 25–35 years, it is advised that all individuals referred to gynecological clinics at gestational age be tested for HPV types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Zare-Bidaki
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Zardast
- Deprtment of Pathology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Nadjafi-Semnani
- Department of General Surgery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Davod Javanmard
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Shokouh Ghafari
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nahid Ghanbarzadeh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Javanmard D, Karbalaie Niya MH, Khalafkhany D, Najafi M, Ziaee M, Babaei MR, Kiani SJ, Esghaei M, Jazayeri SM, Panahi M, Safarnezhad Tameshkel F, Mehrabi M, Monavari SH, Bokharaei-Salim F. Downregulation of GSK3β and Upregulation of URG7 in Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2020; 20. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The exact molecular contributors to the development of HBV-related HCC are not yet completely understood. Recent studies demonstrated that the deregulation of the Wnt pathway is highly associated with the development of HCC. Besides, HBV is known to have roles in the deregulation of this pathway. The present study evaluated the molecular aspects of the Wnt pathway in HBV-related HCC in liver tissue samples. Viral characterization was done by identifying the HBx mutations and the assessment of intrahepatic viral load. The expression of Wnt pathway genes was assessed using real-time PCR and methylation-specific PCR. The intrahepatic viral load was significantly higher in tumor samples than in normal tissues (P = 0.0008). Aberrant expression was observed in Wnt-1, Wnt-7a, FZD2, FZD7, β-catenin, URG7, c-Myc, SFRP5, and GSK3β, among which Wnt1, FZD2, SFRP5, Gsk3β, and URG7 were associated with HBV. HBx mutations at positions I88, L116, and I127 + F132 were associated with the decreased expression of GSK3β and overexpression of URG7 and Wnt1. Alterations in the expression level of β-catenin, as well as some mutants of HBx, were correlated with the level of c-Myc. HBV-related HCC seems to be mostly coordinated with epigenetic behaviors of HBx, such a multi-functional peptide with suppressing/trans-activating functions.
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Javanmard D, Moein M, Esghaei M, Naseripour M, Monavari SH, Bokharaei-Salim F, Sadeghipour A. Molecular evidence of human papillomaviruses in the retinoblastoma tumor. Virusdisease 2019; 30:360-366. [PMID: 31803802 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-019-00540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma tumor (RB) is one of the most prevalent ocular cancers among children. RB may be caused by inherited mutations in RB1 gene as well as some environmental risk factors. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are suspected as a risk factor of RB due to their pRb inactivating protein. This study evaluated the molecular prevalence of HPV among the RB tumor specimens in Iran. The RB tumor samples were tested for detection of HPV-L1 gene using a nested-PCR approach, and then followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to reveal HPV types. Overall, there were 61 RB tumor samples; 54/61 (88.5%) had unilateral and 7/61 (11.5%) bilateral RB; 55/61 cases (90.2%) had sporadic non-familial RB tumor. HPV-DNA was detected in 6/61 (9.8%) of patients' tumors; the HPV positive RB cases all had unilateral and unfamiliar sporadic RB tumor. HPV type 16 was the most prevalent type identified across the RB tumor samples (3/61, 4.9%). The rate of detected HPV among the RB specimens seems to be considerable. Further investigations are required to elucidate the exact association between HPV and progression to RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davod Javanmard
- 1Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Moein
- 1Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esghaei
- 1Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Naseripour
- 2Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- 1Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,3HIV Laboratory of National Center, Deputy of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghipour
- 4Department of Pathology, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sangpichai S, Patarapadungkit N, Pientong C, Ekalaksananan T, Chaiwiriyakul S, Thongbor R, Sirivech P, Jangsiriwitayakorn P, Triamwittayanon T. Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Based on Cervical Cytology Specimen. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3843-3847. [PMID: 31870131 PMCID: PMC7173371 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.12.3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) was associated with the development of cervical cancer. Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) infection is the most common bacterial, sexually-transmitted infection. This study aimed to investigate the association of C. trachomatis in positive HR HPV and the cytological results from liquid-based cytology (LBC). Methods: 150 residual LBC specimens were collected; all of which had undergone cytology and HPV testing by Cobas. The samples were established as C. trachomatis using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) with Cryptic F/Cryptic R primers. Results: Of 150 positive HPV findings, the most common (72.7%, 109/150) were the 12 other HR HPVs (viz., 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68). The cervical cytology of those positive HR HPVs were mostly negative (70.0%, 105/150). The C. trachomatis infections in positive HR HPV were 16% (24/150) HPV. The analysis of the abnormal cytology revealed that 41.6% had C. trachomatis co-infection (C. trachomatis and HPV infection) viz., LSIL (20.8%), HSIL (12.5%), and ASC-US (8.3%). A comparison with positive HPV without C. trachomatis co-infection revealed that the highest prevalence was for LSIL, ASC-US, and HSIL (11.1%, 10.3%, and 6.4%, respectively). There was no difference between the abnormalities and negative cervical cytology with negative and positive C. trachomatis co-infection in HR HPV positive (p = 0.174). Conclusion: C. trachomatis infection was not significantly associated HR-HPV and abnormal cytology. This study confirms the increasing rate of C. trachomatis infection in asymptomatic women so routine screening for these infections has been suggested to (a) prevent complications such as the chronic pelvic pain associated with prolong infection and (b) reduce sexual transmission of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soracha Sangpichai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Phannatorn Sirivech
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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