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Singh S, Kaur M, Beri A, Kaur A. Significance of LHCGR polymorphisms in polycystic ovary syndrome: an association study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22841. [PMID: 38129424 PMCID: PMC10739822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to analyze the association of Luteinizing Hormone/Choriogonadotropin Receptor (LHCGR) gene rs4953616 and rs7371084 polymorphisms with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Punjab, India. A total of 823 women (443 PCOS cases and 380 healthy controls) were enrolled in the present study. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP) was used for genotyping. Anthropometric parameters, lipid and hormonal profiles, were compared between the two groups. Demographic features were compared using Mann Whitney U test while the Chi-square test and odds ratios (ORs) were used to assess the genetic association and risk towards PCOS, respectively. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was employed to analyze the correlation of genotypes with baseline parameters in PCOS cases. A statistically significant difference was revealed in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs4953616 polymorphism between PCOS cases and controls (p = 0.01 and p = 0.004, respectively). The mutant genotype (TT), mutant allele (T), and recessive model of rs4953616 polymorphism conferred 1.77, 1.3, and 1.5 times risk towards PCOS, respectively. No significant distribution for genotypes and alleles was found for rs7371084 in both groups (p = 0.25 and p = 0.26, respectively). In addition to dyslipidemia, PCOS women also had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), testosterone (T), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Upon haplotype analysis, the TT haplotype was found to be significantly associated with the increased risk of PCOS. Our results demonstrated a significant role of LHCGR rs4953616 polymorphism in the development of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhjashanpreet Singh
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Archana Beri
- Beri Maternity Hospital, Southend Beri Fertility and IVF, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Anupam Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Shaaban Z, Tamadon A, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR, Zamiri MJ, Derakhshanfar A. Maternal aromatase inhibition via letrozole altered RFamide-related peptide-3 and gonadotropin-releasing hormone expression in pubertal female rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:110-120. [PMID: 35656443 PMCID: PMC9118272 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.60962.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Despite prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among childbearing women and development of many animal models for this syndrome, information on its etiology is still scarce. The intrauterine hyperandrogenic environment may underlie changes at the level of hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary organization in female offspring, and PCOS later in life. Letrozole has been shown to mimic reproductive and metabolic characteristics of PCOS in adult rodent models. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the condition in a prenatal letrozole-treated rat model. Materials and Methods Twenty-eight female rats dams receiving letrozole at certain doses during late pregnancy were used in the trial. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n=21) received letrozole treatment on gestation days 16-18 at doses of 1.25, 1.0, 0.75, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/kg body weight (BW). Results Prenatal letrozole treatment delayed parturition time and reduced the litter size in pregnant dams (P<0.0001). Late puberty onset, irregular ovarian cyclicity, increased anogenital distance (AGD), body weight gain, serum testosterone concentration, and reduced estradiol levels (P<0.0001) were observed in the female offspring of dams receiving 1.25 and 1 mg/kg BW letrozole. Furthermore, letrozole at 1.25 and 1 mg/kg BW showed increased RFRP and decreased GnRH mRNA expression (P<0.0001). Letrozole treatment at doses of 1 mg/kg BW and lower was not fetotoxic. Conclusion It was concluded that 1 mg/kg BW letrozole may be suggested for prenatal PCOS induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shaaban
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran, These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mohammad Reza Jafarzadeh Shirazi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding author: Mohammad Reza Jafarzadeh Shirazi. Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-71-3228-6073;
| | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Derakhshanfar
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Center of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Shao S, Zhao H, Lu Z, Lei X, Zhang Y. Circadian Rhythms Within the Female HPG Axis: From Physiology to Etiology. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6298422. [PMID: 34125877 PMCID: PMC8256628 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Declining female fertility has become a global health concern. It results partially from an abnormal circadian clock caused by unhealthy diet and sleep habits in modern life. The circadian clock system is a hierarchical network consisting of central and peripheral clocks. It not only controls the sleep-wake and feeding-fasting cycles but also coordinates and maintains the required reproductive activities in the body. Physiologically, the reproductive processes are governed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in a time-dependent manner. The HPG axis releases hormones, generates female characteristics, and achieves fertility. Conversely, an abnormal daily rhythm caused by aberrant clock genes or abnormal environmental stimuli contributes to disorders of the female reproductive system, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and premature ovarian insufficiency. Therefore, breaking the "time code" of the female reproductive system is crucial. In this paper, we review the interplay between circadian clocks and the female reproductive system and present its regulatory principles, moving from normal physiology regulation to disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Shao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Huanqiang Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhiying Lu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Correspondence: Dr. Ying Zhang, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Venegas B, De León Gordillo LY, Rosas G, Espinoza JA, Morán C, Domínguez R, Morales-Ledesma L. In rats with estradiol valerate-induced polycystic ovary syndrome, the acute blockade of ovarian β-adrenoreceptors improve ovulation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:95. [PMID: 31744506 PMCID: PMC6862835 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome is characterized by hyperactivity of the ovarian sympathetic nervous system, increases in the content and release of norepinephrine, as well as decreases in the number of β-adrenoreceptors. In the present study, β-adrenoreceptors in the ovaries of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome were blocked and analyzed the resultant effects on ovulation, hormone secretion and the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of catecholamines. METHODS At 60 days of age, vehicle or estradiol valerate-treated rats were injected with propranolol [10- 4 M] into the ovarian bursas on oestrus day. The animals were sacrificed on the next day of oestrus, and the ovulation response, the steroid hormone levels in the serum and the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase in the ovaries were measured. RESULTS In animals with the induction of polycystic ovary syndrome and β-adrenoreceptor blocking, ovulation was restored in more than half of the animals and resulted in decreased hyperandrogenism with respect to the levels observed in the estradiol valerate-treated group. Tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase were present in the theca cells of the growing follicles and the interstitial gland. Injection of propranolol restored the tyrosine hydroxylase and ovarian dopamine β-hydroxylase levels in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome induction. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a single injection into the ovarian bursas of propranolol, a nonselective antagonist of β-adrenoreceptor receptors, decreases the serum testosterone concentration and the formation of ovarian cysts, improving the ovulation rate that accompanies lower levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Venegas
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP, 15000, México, DF, Mexico
- Área de Procesos Celulares Fundamentales, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570, Puebla, CP, Mexico
| | - Lizzbeth Yureli De León Gordillo
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP, 15000, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP, 15000, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Julieta A Espinoza
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP, 15000, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Carolina Morán
- Centro de Investigación en Fisicoquímica de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP, 15000, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP, 15000, México, DF, Mexico.
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Shaaban Z, Khoradmehr A, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR, Tamadon A. Pathophysiological mechanisms of gonadotropins- and steroid hormones-related genes in etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:3-16. [PMID: 30944702 PMCID: PMC6437453 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.31776.7646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy in women, which, unlike its impact on fertility and health of women, there is no clear understanding about the causal mechanisms of this pathogenesis. The aim of this review paper is to investigate the pathophysiological pathways affecting the PCOS etiology, based on functions of gonadotropins- and steroid hormones-related genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Due to different hormonal and metabolic signs of this complex disorder, different hypotheses are mentioned about etiology of this syndrome. Because of the heterogeneity of the reasons given for this syndrome and the spread of the effective genes in its pathophysiology, most of genes affected by sex-related hormonal imbalances are examined for discriminative diagnosis. For this purpose, published articles and reviews dealing with genetic evaluation of PCOS in women in peer-reviewed journals in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were included in this review. RESULTS In previous studies, it has been well demonstrated that PCOS in some individuals have a genetic origin. Pathophysiological functions of genes are primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins that have role in PCOS before hyperandrogenism including GnRHR, FSHβ, FSHR, LHCGR, CYP19A1, HSD17B, AR and SHBG, and their effects in PCOS of human have been confirmed. CONCLUSION Hormonal imbalances are the first reason mentioned in PCOS etiology, and usually characterized with menstrual irregularities in PCOS women. Hyperandrogenism and gonadotropin secretion disorders are shown in PCOS condition, which are related to steroidogenesis pathways and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis disturbances, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shaaban
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproduction Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Wang H, Khoradmehr A, Jalali M, Salehi MS, Tsutsui K, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR, Tamadon A. The roles of RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs), mammalian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) orthologues in female reproduction. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:1210-1220. [PMID: 30627363 PMCID: PMC6312679 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.30520.7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To benefit from reproduction and deal with challenges in the environmental conditions, animals must adapt internal physiology to maximize the reproduction rate. Maladaptive variations in the neurochemical systems and reproductive system can lead to manifestation of several significant mammalian reprocesses, including mammalian ovarian lifespan. RFamide-related peptide (RFRP, Rfrp), mammalian orthologues of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), which is a regulator to prevent the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neural activity, is known to be related to reproductive traits. This review aimed to summarize recent five-year observations to outline historic insights and novel perspectives into the functions of RFRPs in coding the mammalian reproductive physiology, especially highlight recent advances in the impact on RFRPs in regulating mammalian ovary lifespan. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the recent five-year important findings of RFRP system involved in mammalian ovary development. Data for this review were collected from Google Scholar and PubMed using the RFRP keyword combined with the keywords related to physiological or pathological reproductive functions. RESULTS Recent discoveries are focused on three major fronts in research on RFRP role in female reproduction including reproductive functions, energy balance, and stress regulation. The roles of RFRPs in various development phases of mammal reproduction including prepuberty, puberty, estrous cycle, pregnancy, milking, menopause, and/or ovarian diseases have been shown. CONCLUSION Overall, these recent advances demonstrate that RFRPs serve as critical mediators in mammalian ovarian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproduction Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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