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Kierans AS, Costello J, Qayyum A, Taouli B, Venkatesh SK, Yoon JH, Bali MA, Bolan CW, Lee JM, Marks RM, El Homsi M, Miller FH. Imaging cholangiocarcinoma: CT and MRI techniques. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024:10.1007/s00261-024-04216-9. [PMID: 38916614 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Cross-sectional imaging plays a crucial role in the detection, diagnosis, staging, and resectability assessment of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Despite this vital function, there is a lack of standardized CT and MRI protocol recommendations for imaging cholangiocarcinoma, with substantial differences in image acquisition across institutions and vendor platforms. In this review, we present standardized strategies for the optimal imaging assessment of cholangiocarcinoma including contrast media considerations, patient preparation recommendations, optimal contrast timing, and representative CT and MRI protocols with individual sequence optimization recommendations. Our recommendations are supported by expert opinion from members of the Society of Abdominal Radiology's Disease-Focused Panel (DFP) on Cholangiocarcinoma, encompassing a broad array of institutions and practice patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Kierans
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1305 York Ave, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - James Costello
- Department of Radiology, Houston Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aliya Qayyum
- Department of Radiology, Houston Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bachir Taouli
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jeong Hee Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria A Bali
- Department of Radiology, Institute Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert M Marks
- Department of Radiology, University California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maria El Homsi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank H Miller
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Patient-adapted respiratory training: Effect on navigator-triggered 3D MRCP in painful pancreatobiliary disorders. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 45:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Pancreatic Duct in Autoimmune Pancreatitis: Intraindividual Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Pancreatography at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. Pancreas 2017; 46:921-926. [PMID: 28697133 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to intraindividually compare magnetic resonance pancreatography (MRP) image quality at 1.5 T and 3.0 T when demonstrating main pancreatic duct (MPD) abnormalities in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). METHODS Thirty prospectively enrolled patients with AIP underwent MRP at both 1.5 T and 3.0 T followed by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography before treatment. Two readers independently analyzed the MRP images and graded the visualization of MPD strictures and full-length MPD, using endoscopic retrograde pancreatography as the reference standard, as well as overall image artifacts on a 4-point scale. The contrast between the MPD and periductal area was calculated using a region-of-interest measurement. RESULTS Visualization scores of MPD strictures and full-length MPD, and summed scores of each qualitative analysis, were significantly greater at 3.0-T MRP than at 1.5-T MRP for both readers (P ≤ 0.02). There were less image artifacts at 3.0 T compared with 1.5 T (P ≤ 0.052). The contrast between the MPD and periductal area was significantly greater at 3.0-T MRP than at 1.5-T MRP (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The MRP at 3.0 T was superior to 1.5-T MRP for demonstrating MPD abnormalities in AIP, with better image contrast and fewer image artifacts. Consequently, 3.0-T MRP may be useful for the diagnosis and management of patients with AIP.
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Yanagisawa S, Fujinaga Y, Watanabe T, Maruyama M, Muraki T, Takahashi M, Fujita A, Fujita S, Kurozumi M, Ueda K, Hamano H, Kawa S, Kadoya M. Usefulness of three-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with partial maximum intensity projection for diagnosing autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2017; 17:567-571. [PMID: 28506431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare three-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with/without partial maximum intensity projection (MIP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-dimensional MRCP and ERCP images were retrospectively analyzed in 24 patients with AIP. We evaluated the narrowing length of the main pancreatic duct (NR-MPD), multiple skipped MPD narrowing (SK-MPD), and side branches arising from the narrowed portion of the MPD (SB-MPD) using four MRCP datasets: 5 original images (MIP5), 10 original images (MIP10), all original images (full-MIP), and a combination of these three datasets (a-MIP). The images were scored using a 3- or 5-point scale. The scores of the four MRCP datasets were statistically analyzed, and the positive rate of each finding was compared between MRCP and ERCP. RESULTS The median scores for SB-MPD on MIP5 and a-MIP were significantly higher than those on MIP10 and full-MIP. In other words, partial MIP is superior to full-MIP for visualization of detailed structures. The positive rate for SB-MPD on full-MIP was significantly lower than that on ERCP, whereas the positive rate on MIP5, MIP10, and a-MIP was not significantly different from that on ERCP. Moreover, the positive rate for NR-MPD and SK-MPD on the MRCP images was significantly higher than that on the ERCP images. CONCLUSION Partial MIP is useful for evaluating the MPD and is comparable with ERCP for diagnosing AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yanagisawa
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Yasunari Fujinaga
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masahiro Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takashi Muraki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Akira Fujita
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Sachie Fujita
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurozumi
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ueda
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hamano
- Department of Medical informatics, Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kawa
- Center for Health, Safety, and Environmental Management, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masumi Kadoya
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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Itatani R, Namimoto T, Atsuji S, Katahira K, Yamashita Y. Clinical application of navigator-gated three-dimensional balanced turbo-field-echo magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography at 3 T: prospective intraindividual comparison with 1.5 T. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2016; 41:1285-92. [PMID: 27026515 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-015-0633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the clinical utility of balanced turbo-field-echo (BTFE) magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) sequences obtained at 3 and 1.5 T. METHODS We acquired three-dimensional (3D) BTFE MRCP scans with a navigator-gated technique at 3 T on a different day after 1.5 T in 39 consecutive patients. Two radiologists independently rated the image quality and visibility of anatomical structures (right and left hepatic duct, cystic duct, gallbladder, common bile duct, and main pancreatic duct) using a four-point scale. For quantitative analysis, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and acquisition time were evaluated. RESULTS All visual scores tended to be higher for 1.5 T than 3 T images. There was a significant difference in the image quality and the depiction of the main pancreatic duct (p < 0.01). The image acquisition time was significantly shorter for 3 T than 1.5 T (199.3 ± 40.1 vs. 264.0 ± 86.5 s, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in SNR and CNR. CONCLUSIONS 3D-BTFE MRCP scans acquired at 3 T were of sufficient image quality with respect to the biliary tree. SNR and CNR were comparable on 3 and 1.5 T scans, although the acquisition time was significantly shorter with the 3 T scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Itatani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Department of Radiology, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, 1-5-1, Tainoshima, Kumamoto, 862-0965, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Namimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Syutaro Atsuji
- Department of Radiology, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, 1-5-1, Tainoshima, Kumamoto, 862-0965, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katahira
- Department of Radiology, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, 1-5-1, Tainoshima, Kumamoto, 862-0965, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamashita
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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Usefulness of the Short–Echo Time Cube Sequence at 3-T Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2016; 40:551-6. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Clinical Impact of 3-Dimensional Balanced Turbo-Field-Echo Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography at 3 T. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2015; 39:19-24. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chavhan GB, Almehdar A, Moineddin R, Gupta S, Babyn PS. Comparison of respiratory-triggered 3-D fast spin-echo and single-shot fast spin-echo radial slab MR cholangiopancreatography images in children. Pediatr Radiol 2013; 43:1086-92. [PMID: 23508707 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-013-2663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two most commonly performed magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) sequences, 3-D fast spin-echo (3-D FSE) and single-shot fast spin-echo radial slabs (radial slabs), have not been compared in children. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare 3-D FSE and radial slabs MRCP sequences on a 3-T scanner to determine their ability to show various segments of pancreaticobiliary tree and presence of artifacts in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed 79 consecutive MRCPs performed in 74 children on a 3-T scanner. We noted visibility of major ducts on 3-D FSE and radial slabs. We noted the order of branching of ducts in the right and left hepatic ducts and the degree of visibility of the pancreatic duct. Statistical analysis was performed using McNemar and signed rank tests. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the visibility of major bile ducts and the order of branching in the right hepatic lobe between sequences. A higher order of branching in the left lobe was seen on radial slabs than 3-D FSE (mean order of branching 2.82 versus 2.27; P-value = 0.0002). The visibility of pancreatic duct was better on radial slabs as compared to 3-D FSE (mean value of 1.53 vs. 0.90; P-value < 0.0001). 3-D FSE sequence was artifact-free in 25/79 (31.6%) MRCP exams as compared to radial slabs, which were artifact-free in 18/79 (22.8%) MRCP exams (P-value = 0.0001). CONCLUSION There is no significant difference in the visibility of major bile ducts between 3-D FSE and radial slab MRCP sequences at 3-T in children. However, radial slab MRCP shows a higher order of branching in the left hepatic lobe and superior visibility of the pancreatic duct than 3-D FSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind B Chavhan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Wigham A, Alexander Grant L. Preoperative hepatobiliary imaging: what does the radiologist need to know? Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2013; 34:2-17. [PMID: 23395314 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accurate preoperative reporting is essential in guiding the surgeon in deciding when and how to operate safely and effectively. Critically, this relies on an understanding of the operative issues faced by the surgeon, which is not always appreciated by the radiologist. This paper therefore aims to address this, first focusing on relevant anatomical variants, and then issues specific to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, hepatic transplantation, and finally hepatic resection (including cholangiocarcinoma resection). Throughout the paper, there is an emphasis on associated surgical techniques to add context to the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wigham
- Department of Radiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Almehdar A, Chavhan GB. MR cholangiopancreatography at 3.0 T in children: diagnostic quality and ability in assessment of common paediatric pancreatobiliary pathology. Br J Radiol 2013; 86:20130036. [PMID: 23457194 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic quality of MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) at 3.0 T in children and to assess its diagnostic ability in answering the clinical query. Also, to determine the frequency of artefacts and anatomic variations in ductal anatomy. METHODS Consecutive MRCPs performed in children using a 3-T scanner were retrospectively reviewed to note indications, findings, imaging diagnosis, normal variants, quality and artefacts. Analysis was performed based on the final diagnosis assigned by pathology or the combination of clinical, laboratory, imaging features and follow-up to determine whether it was possible to answer the clinical query by MRCP findings. RESULTS There were 82 MRCPs performed at 3.0 T on 77 children. 42/82 (51%) MRCPs were of good quality, 35/82 (43%) MRCPs were suboptimal but diagnostic and the remaining 5/82 (6%) MRCPs were non-diagnostic. MRCP answered the clinical query in 61/82 (74%) cases; however, it did not answer the clinical query in 11/82 (14%) cases and was equivocal in 10/82 (12%) cases. There was significant association between the quality of MRCP and the ability of MRCP to answer the clinical query (p<0.0001). 64/82 (78%) MRCP examinations had at least 1 artefact. Variation in the bile duct anatomy was seen in 27/77 (35%) children. CONCLUSION MRCP performed at 3.0 T is of diagnostic quality in most cases and is able to provide an answer to the clinical query in the majority of cases. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE 3-T MRCP is feasible and useful in the assessment of pancreatobiliary abnormalities in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Almehdar
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Current problems and future opportunities of abdominal magnetic resonance imaging at higher field strengths. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 21:141-8. [PMID: 21847033 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0b013e3181e8f9b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of high-field-strength whole-body MR scanners to clinical routine made abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging widely available. Higher field strength provides improved signal yield, but other issues such as shorter wavelength and increased power deposition of radiofrequency in tissue must also be taken into account. This review describes current problems and future opportunities of abdominal MR imaging at 3.0 T under special consideration of relevant physical properties and technical challenges: impact of higher field strength on signal-to-noise ratio, Larmor frequency, and chemical shift effects are elucidated in detail. Furthermore, changes in longitudinal and transverse relaxation times as well as increased susceptibility effects at 3.0 T are reported. General safety issues and limitations in radiofrequency power deposition are discussed. Subsequently, implications of the previously mentioned changed MR properties at 3.0 T on clinical abdominal examinations applying different sequence types are described.
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Lee J, Kim KW, Lee H, Lee SJ, Choi S, Jeong WK, Kye H, Song GW, Hwang S, Lee SG. Semiautomated spleen volumetry with diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Magn Reson Med 2011; 68:305-10. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Marin D, Husarik DB, Boll DT, Merkle EM. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T: oncological applications. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 21:149-156. [PMID: 21847034 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0b013e3181e8fb7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The gain in signal-to-noise ratio at 3 T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging produces many benefits for abdominal imaging applications, including the capability to reduce acquisition times and/or improve spatial resolution for a variety of pulse sequences, the potential for broader application of parallel imaging techniques, and an increased sensitivity to gadolinium-based contrast media. These advances have the potential of improving the accuracy of MR imaging in the detection, staging, treatment planning, and follow-up of patients with abdominal tumors. At the same time, because certain high-field-strength-related drawbacks could not be compensated for, abdominal 3 T MR imaging should be clinically implemented with caution in some patients (eg, patients with massive ascites).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Marin
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Kim SY, Byun JH, Lee SS, Park SH, Jang YJ, Lee MG. Biliary tract depiction in living potential liver donors: intraindividual comparison of MR cholangiography at 3.0 and 1.5 T. Radiology 2010; 254:469-78. [PMID: 20093518 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.09090003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To intraindividually compare the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiography at 3.0 and 1.5 T for depicting biliary anatomy with intraoperative cholangiography as the reference standard and to compare the image quality for biliary tract visualization at these two field strengths. MATERIALS AND METHODS After obtaining institutional review board approval and informed consent, 52 living potential liver donors underwent MR cholangiography at both 1.5 and 3.0 T. The protocol included projectional single-section rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) and respiratory-triggered three-dimensional (3D) fast spin-echo (SE) T2-weighted sequences. Two readers independently analyzed images, scoring the visualization of all first- and second-order biliary branches on a four-point scale and determining the number of visible third-order branches. RESULTS MR cholangiography at 3.0 T correctly depicted biliary anatomy in 90.4% of subjects on combined analysis of both sequences by both readers, in 88.5% with projectional RARE images for both readers, and in 84.6% and 88.5% with 3D fast SE images for readers 1 and 2, respectively. MR cholangiography at 1.5 T showed 86.5% and 84.6% accuracy on combined analysis for readers 1 and 2, respectively; 78.8% and 75.0% accuracy on projectional RARE images for readers 1 and 2, respectively; and 84.6% and 86.5% accuracy with 3D fast SE images for readers 1 and 2, respectively. With the projectional RARE sequence, 3.0-T MR cholangiography demonstrated significantly higher mean visualization scores for second-order branches (reader 1: 2.29 vs 1.78, P = .01; reader 2: 2.52 vs 2.10, P < .01) and mean numbers of visible third-order branches (reader 1: 5.53 vs 4.21, P < .01; reader 2: 5.91 vs 3.74, P < .01) than did 1.5-T MR cholangiography. CONCLUSION Compared with 1.5-T MR cholangiography, 3.0-T MR cholangiography did not significantly increase accuracy for identification of biliary anatomy. Projectional RARE images at 3.0 T enabled better visualization of second- and third-order branches than did those at 1.5 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1, Pungnap2-dong, Songpa-ku, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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MR cholangiopancreatography at 3.0 T: intraindividual comparative study with MR cholangiopancreatography at 1.5 T for clinical patients. Invest Radiol 2009; 44:559-65. [PMID: 19692840 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e3181b4c0ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prospectively evaluate the image quality and diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) at 3.0 T compared with that at 1.5 T used for patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by our institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Three-dimensional MRCP with both a 1.5-T system and a 3.0-T system was administered to 33 consecutive patients suspected of having biliary and/or pancreatic diseases. For 3-dimensional MRCP imaging, a respiratory-triggered Fast Recovery Fast Spin Echo sequence with the parallel imaging technique was used for both systems. The spatial resolution at 1.5 T was matched to that at 3.0 T, and matrix size was 512 x 160, field of view (FOV) 36 x 36 cm, slice thickness 2 mm, and the number of slices ranged from 44 to 54. Repetition time varied according to the patients' respiratory cycles, which ranged from 3000 milliseconds to 6000 milliseconds, and effective echo time, ranging from 391 milliseconds to 482 milliseconds, was automatically determined by the systems. Contrast of imaging of the common bile duct versus that of the periductal tissue was quantitatively evaluated. The image quality for homogeneity of signal intensity, image noise, susceptibility artifacts, and overall imaging quality and diagnostic accuracy for stenoses of bile and main pancreatic ducts and for pancreatic cystic lesions were qualitatively evaluated. The results for 1.5- and 3.0-T were then compared statistically, by using the paired t test for quantitative evaluation of contrast between the common bile duct and the periductal tissue, the Wilcoxon signed rank test for visual evaluation of the image quality, and the McNemar chi2 test for evaluation of sensitivity and specificity for diagnostic purposes. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. RESULTS Contrast of the common bile duct versus that of the periductal tissue at 3.0 T was superior to that at 1.5 T (P < 0.001). In the visual evaluation, image quality at 3.0 T was superior to that at 1.5 T for evaluation of image noise (P < 0.001), overall image quality (P < 0.001), and delineation of intrahepatic bile ducts (P < 0.01) and the main pancreatic duct (P < 0.05), whereas there were no significant differences in homogeneity of signal intensity and in susceptibility artifacts. The diagnostic accuracy for 3.0 T was approximately equivalent to that for 1.5 T. CONCLUSION Our results for patients with biliary and pancreatic diseases demonstrate a marked improvement in contrast of the common bile duct versus that of the periductal tissue and image quality including image noise at 3.0 T compared by 1.5 T when identical spatial resolution configuration were used. The results suggest that 3.0 T may allow higher spatial resolution and offer promise for improved diagnosis in MRCP, although further investigations using optimize scan parameters will be needed before its full potential can be achieved.
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Quantitative and qualitative comparison of 3.0T and 1.5T MR imaging of the liver in patients with diffuse parenchymal liver disease. Eur J Radiol 2009; 72:314-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sales DM, Santos JEMD, Shigueoka DC, Leão ARDS, Colleoni Neto R, Borges DR, D'Ippolito G, Szejnfeld J. Correlação interobservador das alterações morfológicas das vias biliares em pacientes com esquistossomose mansoni pela colangiorressonância magnética. Radiol Bras 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-39842009000500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Descrever as alterações das vias biliares pela colangiografia por ressonância magnética (CPRM) na esquistossomose hepatoesplênica e avaliar a concordância interobservador da CPRM na detecção de colangiopatia esquistossomótica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e transversal em 24 pacientes com a forma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose mansoni e em 6 pacientes sadios, como grupo controle, com avaliação da via biliar pela CPRM. As alterações da via biliar consideradas foram: distorção, afilamento, estenose, dilatação e irregularidade. Foi calculada a concordância interobsevador para alteração da via biliar com o teste de McNemar e o índice kappa (κ). RESULTADOS: A concordância interobservador na caracterização de distorção e afilamento da via biliar foi quase perfeita (κ = 0,867; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% [0,512-1,0] e κ = 0,865; IC 95% [0,51-1,0], respectivamente). A concordância foi substancial para a estenose (κ = 0,78; IC 95% [0,424-1,0]), moderada para dilatação (κ = 0,595; IC 95% [0,247-0,942]) e regular para afilamento (κ = 0,229; IC 95% [0,095-0,552]). CONCLUSÃO: As alterações observadas nas vias biliares foram, em ordem decrescente de ocorrência: distorção, afilamento, estenose, dilatação e irregularidade. A concordância interobservador para sinais de colangiopatia esquistossomótica foi quase perfeita para distorção e afilamento e substancial para estenose.
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Chavhan GB, Babyn PS, Singh M, Vidarsson L, Shroff M. MR Imaging at 3.0 T in Children: Technical Differences, Safety Issues, and Initial Experience. Radiographics 2009; 29:1451-66. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.295095041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kim T, Murakami T, Hori M, Onishi H, Tomoda K, Nakamura H. Effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide on tumor-to-liver contrast at T2*-weighted gradient-echo MRI: comparison between 3.0T and 1.5T MR systems. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 29:595-600. [PMID: 19243054 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare 3.0T and 1.5T MR systems in terms of the effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) on tumor-to-liver contrast in T2*-weighted gradient-echo MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS SPIO-enhanced gradient-echo MR images of the liver with four different TEs (3, 5.3, 6.5, and 8.5 msec) were obtained by means of 1.5T and 3.0T systems. Quantitative analyses of relative signal intensities (SIs) and relative tumor contrast and qualitative analyses of image quality and lesion conspicuity of the liver were performed in 22 patients, 16 of whom had malignant liver tumors. RESULTS With both 1.5T and 3.0T, at TE=8.4 msec, the relative SI of liver and relative tumor contrast were significantly (P<0.01) lower and higher, respectively, than that for any of the other TEs. There were no significant differences in the relative SI of the liver, relative tumor contrast, image quality, and tumor conspicuity for the same TE between the 1.5T and 3.0T systems. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the effect of SPIO on tumor-to-liver contrast at T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging was similar for the 1.5T and 3.0T systems, and that the 8.4-msec TE was optimal of the four TEs used in this study at 3.0T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonsok Kim
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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Chang KJ, Kamel IR, Macura KJ, Bluemke DA. 3.0-T MR imaging of the abdomen: comparison with 1.5 T. Radiographics 2009; 28:1983-98. [PMID: 19001653 DOI: 10.1148/rg.287075154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Three-tesla magnetic resonance (MR) imaging offers substantially higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) than 1.5-T MR imaging does, which can be used to improve image resolution and shorten imaging time. Because of these increases in SNR and CNR, as well as changes in T1 and T2 relaxation times, an increase in magnetic susceptibility, and an increase in chemical shift effect, many abdominal applications can benefit from 3.0-T imaging. Increased CNR obtained with a gadolinium-based contrast agent improves lesion conspicuity, requires less intravenous contrast material, and improves MR angiography by increasing spatial and temporal resolution. Increased SNR improves fluid conspicuity and resolution for applications such as MR cholangiopancreatography. Increased chemical shift effect also improves spectral resolution for MR spectroscopy. Several potential problems remain for abdominal imaging at 3.0 T. Limitations on energy deposition may require compromises in pulse sequence timing and flip angles. These compromises result in prolonged imaging time and altered image contrast. Magnetic susceptibility and chemical shift artifacts are worsened, but they may be counteracted by shortening echo time, performing parallel imaging, and increasing bandwidth. Radiofrequency field inhomogeneity is also a major concern in imaging larger fields of view and often leads to standing wave effects and large local variations in signal intensity. Many issues related to MR device compatibility and safety have yet to be addressed at 3.0 T. A 3.0-T MR imaging system has a higher initial cost and a higher cost of upkeep than a 1.5-T system does.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Sainani NI, Catalano OA, Holalkere NS, Zhu AX, Hahn PF, Sahani DV. Cholangiocarcinoma: current and novel imaging techniques. Radiographics 2008; 28:1263-87. [PMID: 18794305 DOI: 10.1148/rg.285075183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The radiologic manifestations of cholangiocarcinomas are extremely diverse, since these tumors vary greatly in location, growth pattern, and histologic type. Familiarity with the imaging manifestations of cholangiocarcinomas is important for accurate detection and characterization of these tumors and assessment of resectability. Advances in imaging techniques have led to the availability of an array of modalities that, used independently or in combination, can aid in the accurate diagnosis and evaluation of cholangiocarcinomas in preparation for advanced surgical procedures and treatment planning. Response to novel targeted therapies can also be assessed with newer imaging tools. Hence, knowledge of current and emerging imaging applications is essential for correct diagnosis and appropriate management of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha I Sainani
- Division of Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Arizono S, Isoda H, Maetani YS, Hirokawa Y, Shimada K, Nakamoto Y, Shibata T, Togashi K. High spatial resolution 3D MR cholangiography with high sampling efficiency technique (SPACE): comparison of 3T vs. 1.5T. Eur J Radiol 2008; 73:114-8. [PMID: 18834686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate image quality of 3D MR cholangiography (MRC) using high sampling efficiency technique (SPACE) at 3T compared with 1.5T. METHODS AND MATERIALS An IRB approved prospective study was performed with 17 healthy volunteers using both 3 and 1.5T MR scanners. MRC images were obtained with free-breathing navigator-triggered 3D T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequence with SPACE (TR, >2700ms; TE, 780ms at 3T and 801ms at 1.5T; echo-train length, 121; voxel size, 1.1mmx1.0mmx0.84mm). The common bile duct (CBD) to liver contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were compared between 3 and 1.5T. A five-point scale was used to compare overall image quality and visualization of the third branches of bile duct (B2, B6, and B8). The depiction of cystic duct insertion and the highest order of bile duct visible were also compared. The results were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. RESULTS CNR between the CBD and liver was significantly higher at 3T than 1.5T (p=0.0006). MRC at 3T showed a significantly higher overall image quality (p=0.0215) and clearer visualization of B2 (p=0.0183) and B6 (p=0.0106) than at 1.5T. In all analyses of duct visibility, 3T showed higher scores than 1.5T. CONCLUSION 3T MRC using SPACE offered better image quality than 1.5T. SPACE technique facilitated high-resolution 3D MRC with excellent image quality at 3T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Arizono
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Contrast behavior and image quality of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography imaging using variable echo times at 3.0 T. Clin Imaging 2008; 32:362-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2008.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Arizono S, Isoda H, Maetani YS, Hirokawa Y, Shimada K, Nakamoto Y, Togashi K. High-spatial-resolution three-dimensional MR cholangiography using a high-sampling-efficiency technique (SPACE) at 3T: Comparison with the conventional constant flip angle sequence in healthy volunteers. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 28:685-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Biliary tract depiction in living potential liver donors at 3.0-T magnetic resonance cholangiography. Invest Radiol 2008; 43:594-602. [PMID: 18648260 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e31817e9b52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prospectively evaluate accuracy of biliary anatomy depiction and quality of biliary tract visualization of magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) at 3.0 T in living potential liver donors (LPLDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Our institutional review board approved this study and did not require patient's informed consent. Thirty-three LPLDs underwent MRC at 3.0-T magnetic resonance and intraoperative cholangiography as the reference standard. MRC protocol included breath-hold rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) and respiratory-triggered 3-dimensional turbo spin-echo (TSE) T2-weighted sequence. Two readers independently analyzed 2 MRC image sets with a 2-week interval for delineating biliary anatomy and scoring degree of visualization of biliary branches with a 4-point scale, and recorded the number of visible third-order branches. One month later, both readers independently evaluated combined both MRC image set to assess biliary anatomy. RESULTS Biliary anatomy was correctly depicted by RARE sequence in 28 (84.8%) and 26 LPLDs (78.8%), by TSE sequence in 27 (81.8%) and 26 (78.8%), and by combined both sequences in 27 (81.8%) and 28 (84.8%), for readers 1 and 2, respectively. The mean second-order branch visualization scores for 2 readers were significantly higher for RARE images than for TSE (2.23 vs. 1.68, P = 0.02; 2.05 vs. 1.54, P = 0.02, respectively). The mean numbers of visible third-order branches were significantly higher for RARE images than TSE for both readers (4.36 vs. 3.04, P = 0.03; 4.72 vs. 3.32, P = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In LPLDs, MRC at 3.0 T with both RARE and TSE sequences enables accurate depiction of biliary anatomy. RARE sequence more clearly visualizes second- and third-order biliary branches than TSE sequence.
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Kuhl CK, Träber F, Gieseke J, Drahanowsky W, Morakkabati-Spitz N, Willinek W, von Falkenhausen M, Manka C, Schild HH. Whole-Body High-Field-Strength (3.0-T) MR Imaging in Clinical Practice
Part II. Technical Considerations and Clinical Applications. Radiology 2008; 247:16-35. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2471061828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Haystead CM, Dale BM, Merkle EM. N/2 Ghosting Artifacts: Elimination at 3.0-T MR Cholangiography with SPACE Pulse Sequence. Radiology 2008; 246:589-95. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2462061674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Soon after its introduction in 1991, MR cholangiopancreatography has become an established diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system at a field strength of 1.5T. It remains unclear whether MR cholangiopancreatography performed at 3T will benefit from the higher magnetic field strength or whether a field strength of 1.5T should continue to be considered the gold standard for MR cholangiopancreatography. This article reviews the current literature on the benefits and drawbacks of MR cholangiopancreatography at 3T compared with a standard field strength of 1.5T. Field strength-related artifacts that affect MR cholangiopancreatography at 3T also are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian T Schindera
- Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital of Bern, Institute for Diagnostic, Inselspital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract
This article illustrates changes in the underlying physics concepts related to increasing the main magnetic field from 1.5T to 3T. The effects of these changes on tissue constants and practical hardware limitations is discussed as they affect scan time, quality, and contrast. Changes in susceptibility artifacts, chemical shift artifacts, and dielectric effects as a result of the increased field strength are also illustrated. Based on these fundamental considerations, an overall understanding of the benefits and constraints of signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio changes between 1.5T and 3T MR systems is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Soher
- Center for Advanced MR Development, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Willinek WA, Schild HH. Clinical advantages of 3.0 T MRI over 1.5 T. Eur J Radiol 2007; 65:2-14. [PMID: 18162354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since approval by the FDA in 2000, human MR imaging (MRI) at 3.0 T has been increasingly used in clinical practice. In spite of the potential technical challenges, a number of clinical advantages of 3.0 T MRI over 1.5 T have been identified in the recent years. This article reviews the benefits and the current knowledge of 3.0 T whole-body MRI from an evidence-based perspective and summarizes its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried A Willinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany.
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Akisik FM, Sandrasegaran K, Aisen AM, Lin C, Lall C. Abdominal MR imaging at 3.0 T. Radiographics 2007; 27:1433-44; discussion 1462-4. [PMID: 17848701 DOI: 10.1148/rg.275075023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 3.0 T offers an improved signal-to-noise ratio compared with that at 1.5 T. However, the physics of high field strength also brings disadvantages, such as increases in the specific absorption rate, in magnetic field inhomogeneity effects, and in susceptibility artifacts. The use of 3.0-T MR imaging for abdominal evaluations, in particular, has lagged behind that for other applications because of the difficulty of imaging a large volume while compensating for respiratory motion. At a minimum, abdominal MR imaging at 3.0 T requires modifications in the pulse sequences used at 1.5 T. Such modifications may include a decrease in the flip angle used for refocusing pulses and an increase in the repetition time for T1-weighted acquisitions. In addition, parallel imaging and other techniques (hyper-echo sequences, transition between pseudo steady states) may be used to maintain a high signal-to-noise ratio while decreasing acquisition time and minimizing the occurrence of artifacts on abdominal MR images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Akisik
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Sher SI. Invited Commentary. Radiographics 2007. [DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.27.5.0271462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has an almost uniformly grim prognosis. Early detection has the potential to improve survival, however. One promising approach to increase detection rates is the use of MR imaging at 3T. Imaging at 3T improves temporal or spatial resolution for pancreatic evaluation. Known challenges of imaging at 3T, such as increased power deposition and B1 field inhomogeneity, are not significant limitations for pancreatic imaging. Preliminary results suggest that the signal-to-noise ratio can be as much as twice as high as at 1.5T, particularly after contrast administration. Evaluation of the hepatobiliary ducts is comparable or superior to that at 1.5T. Additional studies are needed to determine if the improved image quality translates into improved sensitivity for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Edelman
- Department of Radiology, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Walgreen Building, Room G534, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
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Abstract
Clinically useful images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder can be generated routinely on a 3T MR scanner. Although little has been published directly comparing 3.0-T MR imaging of the urinary tract with 1.5T imaging, the same benefits and limitations that apply to other areas of the body apply to urinary tract imaging at 3T. The potential benefits of improved signal-to-noise ratio and conspicuity of gadolinium enhancement and the potential for functional MR imaging of the kidneys at 3T are compelling, but need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Leyendecker
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Merkle EM, Dale BM, Barboriak DP. Gain in signal-to-noise for first-pass contrast-enhanced abdominal MR angiography at 3 Tesla over standard 1.5 Tesla: prediction with a computer model. Acad Radiol 2007; 14:795-803. [PMID: 17574130 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To estimate the gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in first-pass contrast-enhanced (CE) abdominal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at 3.0 T compared with 1.5 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three protocols were simulated using six contrast agents: gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist, Berlex, Wayne, NJ), gadoteridol (Prohance, Bracco, Princeton, NJ), gadobenate dimeglumine (Multihance, Bracco, Princeton, NJ), gadodiamide (Omniscan, Amersham Health, Princeton, NJ), gadoversetamide (Optimark, Mallinckrodt, St. Louis, MO), and gadofosveset trisodium (MS-325, EPIX Medical, Cambridge, MA). Contrast concentrations were calculated for five abdominal vessels. Based on these data, the gain in SNR during CE abdominal MRA at 3.0 T over 1.5 T was estimated. RESULTS In these simulations, peak concentrations in all five target vessels were about 5 mM, 10 mM, and 0.7 mM for protocol 1, protocol 2, and protocol 3, respectively. A gain in SNR at 3 T over 1.5 T during CE abdominal MRA of at least 94% in all five target vessels could be achieved by applying protocol 1 or protocol 2, whereas protocol 3 provided a gain in SNR of 70%. CONCLUSIONS Although five of the contrast agents studied fulfill the expectation of providing approximately twice the SNR at 3.0 T versus 1.5 T during CE abdominal MRA, MS-325 offers a gain in SNR of 70% only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Max Merkle
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Duke North, Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine quantitative and qualitative image quality in patients undergoing magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiography at 3.0 Tesla (T) compared with 1.5 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients (30 women; mean age, 51 years) underwent MR cholangiography at 1.5 T; another 50 patients (25 women; mean age 51 years) were scanned at 3.0 T. MR sequence protocol consisted of breath-hold single-slice rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) and a respiratory-triggered 3D turbo spin echo (3D TSE) sequence. Maximum intensity projections were generated from the 3D TSE datasets. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) measurements between the common bile duct (CBD), left and right intrahepatic duct (LHD, RHD), and periductal tissue were performed. Three radiologists assessed qualitatively the visibility of the CBD, LHD, and RHD and the overall diagnostic quality. RESULTS Mean gain in CNR at 3.0 T versus 1.5 T in all 3 locations ranged for the RARE sequence from 7.7% to 38.1% and for the 3D TSE from 0.5% to 26.1% (P > 0.05 for all differences). Qualitative analysis did not reveal any significant difference between the 2 field strengths (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MR cholangiography at 3.0 T shows a trend toward higher CNR without improving image quality significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian T Schindera
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Merkle EM, Dale BM, Thomas J, Paulson EK. MR liver imaging and cholangiography in the presence of surgical metallic clips at 1.5 and 3 Tesla. Eur Radiol 2006; 16:2309-16. [PMID: 16703314 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-006-0234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate whether clips from prior cholecystectomy impair image quality during magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) at 3 Tesla (T) compared with 1.5 T, surgical clips were embedded in a gel phantom and positioned at predefined distances from a fluid-filled tube designed to simulate the bile duct. The maximum clip distance was noted where susceptibility artifacts obscured the fluid-filled tube at 1.5 T and 3 T. Susceptibility artifact size was calculated for each sequence within each magnet class. In vivo analysis included 42 patients postcholecystectomy who underwent MRC at either 1.5 T or 3 T. In vitro, mean area of susceptibility artifacts was 104 mm2 on 3-T and 75 mm2 on 1.5-T MR imaging (MRI). While surgical clips within a 2-mm range impaired visualization of the fluid-filled tube on 1.5-T MRI, this range increased to 4 mm on 3-T MRI. In vivo, MRC image quality was impaired by susceptibility artifacts in three of 21 cases at 3 T and in two of 21 cases at 1.5 T. Overall, biliary pseudo-obstructions due to susceptibility artifacts from cholecystectomy surgical clips were not substantially more common on 3-T MRC in clinical practice, and patients with a history of prior cholecystectomy should not be excluded from a 3-T MRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar M Merkle
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Duke North--Room 1417, Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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