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Hung SC, Dahmoush H, Lee HJ, Chen HC, Guimaraes CV. Prenatal Imaging of Supratentorial Fetal Brain Malformation. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2024; 32:395-412. [PMID: 38944430 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
This review article provides a comprehensive overview of fetal MR imaging in supratentorial cerebral malformations. It emphasizes the importance of fetal MR imaging as an adjunct diagnostic tool used alongside ultrasound, improving the detection and characterization of prenatal brain abnormalities. This article reviews a spectrum of cerebral malformations, their MR imaging features, and the clinical implications of these findings. Additionally, it outlines the growing importance of fetal MR imaging in the context of perinatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Che Hung
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Hisham Dahmoush
- Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Han-Jui Lee
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chieh Chen
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan; Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Carolina V Guimaraes
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Avadhani D, Ranganathan LN, Venkataraman C, Samivel B. Shapiro's syndrome: episodic hypothermic hyperhidrosis. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e260998. [PMID: 39074946 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-260998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
SummaryShapiro's syndrome is a rare neurological disease. The triad of Shapiro's syndrome includes episodes of hyperhidrosis, hypothermia and complete/partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. We report a case of a young male who had episodic chills, increased sweating and fatigue. During these episodes, he was found to have bradycardia, hypotension and hypothermia. Clinical and neurological examinations were unremarkable. The MRI of the brain revealed agenesis of the corpus callosum. There was a good response to carbamazepine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Avadhani
- Department of Neurology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lakshmi Narasimhan Ranganathan
- Department of Neurology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Verma R, Jayakumar J, Folkerth R, Manger PR, Bota M, Majumder M, Pandurangan K, Savoia S, Karthik S, Kumarasami R, Joseph J, Rohini G, Vasudevan S, Srinivasan C, Lata S, Kumar EH, Rangasami R, Kumutha J, Suresh S, Šimić G, Mitra PP, Sivaprakasam M. Histological characterization and development of mesial surface sulci in the human brain at 13-15 gestational weeks through high-resolution histology. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25612. [PMID: 38591638 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Cellular-level anatomical data from early fetal brain are sparse yet critical to the understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders. We characterize the organization of the human cerebral cortex between 13 and 15 gestational weeks using high-resolution whole-brain histological data sets complimented with multimodal imaging. We observed the heretofore underrecognized, reproducible presence of infolds on the mesial surface of the cerebral hemispheres. Of note at this stage, when most of the cerebrum is occupied by lateral ventricles and the corpus callosum is incompletely developed, we postulate that these mesial infolds represent the primordial stage of cingulate, callosal, and calcarine sulci, features of mesial cortical development. Our observations are based on the multimodal approach and further include histological three-dimensional reconstruction that highlights the importance of the plane of sectioning. We describe the laminar organization of the developing cortical mantle, including these infolds from the marginal to ventricular zone, with Nissl, hematoxylin and eosin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry. Despite the absence of major sulci on the dorsal surface, the boundaries among the orbital, frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex were very well demarcated, primarily by the cytoarchitecture differences in the organization of the subplate (SP) and intermediate zone (IZ) in these locations. The parietal region has the thickest cortical plate (CP), SP, and IZ, whereas the orbital region shows the thinnest CP and reveals an extra cell-sparse layer above the bilaminar SP. The subcortical structures show intensely GFAP-immunolabeled soma, absent in the cerebral mantle. Our findings establish a normative neurodevelopment baseline at the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Verma
- Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jaikishan Jayakumar
- Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Center for Computational Brain Research, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rebecca Folkerth
- Department of Forensic Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul R Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mihail Bota
- Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Moitrayee Majumder
- Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthika Pandurangan
- Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Srinivasa Karthik
- Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramdayalan Kumarasami
- Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaraj Joseph
- Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Rohini
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudha Vasudevan
- Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra Srinivasan
- Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Lata
- Mediscan Systems, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajeswaran Rangasami
- Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaraman Kumutha
- Department of Neonatology, Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Suresh
- Mediscan Systems, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Hrvatska, Croatia
| | - Partha P Mitra
- Center for Computational Brain Research, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam
- Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Paladini D, Biancotto G, Della Sala F, Severino M, Rossi A. Neurosonographic and MRI diagnosis of fetal cerebral lesions heralding polymicrogyria. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2024; 63:293-302. [PMID: 37671454 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Paladini
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit - IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Biancotto
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit - IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Della Sala
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit - IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Severino
- Neuroradiology Unit - IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Neuroradiology Unit - IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Marathu KK, Vahedifard F, Kocak M, Liu X, Adepoju JO, Bowker RM, Supanich M, Cosme-Cruz RM, Byrd S. Fetal MRI Analysis of Corpus Callosal Abnormalities: Classification, and Associated Anomalies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:430. [PMID: 38396468 PMCID: PMC10887608 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corpus callosal abnormalities (CCA) are midline developmental brain malformations and are usually associated with a wide spectrum of other neurological and non-neurological abnormalities. The study aims to highlight the diagnostic role of fetal MRI to characterize heterogeneous corpus callosal abnormalities using the latest classification system. It also helps to identify associated anomalies, which have prognostic implications for the postnatal outcome. METHODS In this study, retrospective data from antenatal women who underwent fetal MRI between January 2014 and July 2023 at Rush University Medical Center were evaluated for CCA and classified based on structural morphology. Patients were further assessed for associated neurological and non-neurological anomalies. RESULTS The most frequent class of CCA was complete agenesis (79.1%), followed by hypoplasia (12.5%), dysplasia (4.2%), and hypoplasia with dysplasia (4.2%). Among them, 17% had isolated CCA, while the majority (83%) had complex forms of CCA associated with other CNS and non-CNS anomalies. Out of the complex CCA cases, 58% were associated with other CNS anomalies, while 8% were associated with non-CNS anomalies. 17% of cases had both. CONCLUSION The use of fetal MRI is valuable in the classification of abnormalities of the corpus callosum after the confirmation of a suspected diagnosis on prenatal ultrasound. This technique is an invaluable method for distinguishing between isolated and complex forms of CCA, especially in cases of apparent isolated CCA. The use of diffusion-weighted imaging or diffusion tensor imaging in fetal neuroimaging is expected to provide further insights into white matter abnormalities in fetuses diagnosed with CCA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranthi K. Marathu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Farzan Vahedifard
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Mehmet Kocak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Xuchu Liu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Jubril O. Adepoju
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Rakhee M. Bowker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Mark Supanich
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Division for Diagnostic Medical Physics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Rosario M. Cosme-Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Sharon Byrd
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
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Kim J, Jeong M, Yang S, Han JH, Bae SH. Incidence of Hearing Loss in Corpus Callosum Agenesis. Otol Neurotol 2023; 44:1033-1037. [PMID: 37733987 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000004023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Congenital corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) is one of the congenital anomalies in newborns, which usually presents with syndromic features. It can be asymptomatic or have variable neurological deficits. Some studies demonstrated that hearing loss can occur in patients with CCA; however, the exact prevalence remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of hearing loss in CCA using data from newborn hearing screening in a single tertiary referral center. METHODS A total of 126 patients with CCA combined with hearing loss diagnosed at our hospital from November 2005 to November 2022 were retrospectively included in our study. All patients had at least one screening or diagnostic auditory brainstem response result. Brain ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to diagnose CCA. RESULTS Among 126 patients, 93 had automated auditory brainstem response within a month from birth. Of the 93 patients, 20 (21.5%) had a "refer" result in the screening tests in at least one ear. The final incidence of hearing loss in patients with CCA was 16.1%. We observed no hearing loss in 22 patients with isolated CCA. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CCA have a higher incidence of hearing loss. However, this is likely related to the concurrent condition of patients. CCA seems not to be a risk factor for hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jung Ho Han
- Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Seong Hoon Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Ramirez Zegarra R, Casati D, Volpe N, Lanna M, Dall'Asta A, Chiarelli A, Ormitti F, Percesepe A, Montaguti E, Labadini C, Salsi G, di Pasquo E, Bonasoni MP, Quarello E, Pilu G, Grisolia G, Righini A, Ghi T. The "cortical invagination sign": a midtrimester sonographic marker of unilateral cortical focal dysgyria in fetuses with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101198. [PMID: 37866717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agenesis of the corpus callosum is associated with several malformations of cortical development. Recently, features of focal cortical dysgyria have been described in fetuses with agenesis of the corpus callosum. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the "cortical invagination sign," a specific sonographic feature of focal cortical dysgyria, which is consistently seen at midtrimester axial brain ultrasound in fetuses with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 2018 to 2021, including patients referred to 5 fetal medicine centers in the second trimester of pregnancy (19 0/7 to 22 0/7 weeks of gestation) with suspected complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. All cases with the diagnosis of complete agenesis of the corpus callosum were submitted to an axial sonographic assessment of the fetal brain on the transventricular plane. In this scanning section, the mesial profile of both cerebral hemispheres at the level of the frontal-parietal cortex was investigated. In this area, the operator looked for an abnormal invagination of the cortical surface along the widened interhemispheric fissure, which was referred to as the "cortical invagination sign." All fetuses were submitted to dedicated antenatal magnetic resonance imaging to reassess the ultrasound findings. Cases with additional brain anomalies, which did not involve the cortex, were excluded. The final diagnosis was confirmed at postnatal brain magnetic resonance imaging or postmortem examination, for cases undergoing termination of pregnancy. The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the presence and laterality of the "cortical invagination sign" in fetuses with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum at antenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS During the study period, 64 cases of complete agenesis of the corpus callosum were included; of those cases, 50 (78.1%) resulted in termination of pregnancy, and 14 (21.9%) resulted in a live birth. The "cortical invagination sign" was detected at ultrasound in 13 of 64 cases (20.3%) and at targeted brain magnetic resonance imaging in 2 additional cases (23.4%), all of which were electively terminated. Moreover, the "cortical invagination sign" was found to be exclusively unilateral and on the left cerebral hemisphere in all the cases. There was a predominant number, although nonsignificant, of male fetuses (80.0% of cases; P=.06) in the group of complete agenesis of the corpus callosum with the "cortical invagination sign." CONCLUSION The "cortical invagination sign" is a specific marker of focal cortical dysgyria, which seems to characterize at midtrimester of pregnancy in a large group of fetuses with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. The etiology, pathophysiology, and prognostic significance of this finding remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Ramirez Zegarra
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy (Drs Ramirez Zegarra and Volpe, Prof Dall'Asta, Drs Chiarelli, Labadini, di Pasquo, and Ghi)
| | - Daniela Casati
- Fetal Therapy Unit "U. Nicolini", Department of Women, Mother and Neonate, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy (Drs Casati and Lanna)
| | - Nicola Volpe
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy (Drs Ramirez Zegarra and Volpe, Prof Dall'Asta, Drs Chiarelli, Labadini, di Pasquo, and Ghi)
| | - Mariano Lanna
- Fetal Therapy Unit "U. Nicolini", Department of Women, Mother and Neonate, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy (Drs Casati and Lanna)
| | - Andrea Dall'Asta
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy (Drs Ramirez Zegarra and Volpe, Prof Dall'Asta, Drs Chiarelli, Labadini, di Pasquo, and Ghi)
| | - Annasole Chiarelli
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy (Drs Ramirez Zegarra and Volpe, Prof Dall'Asta, Drs Chiarelli, Labadini, di Pasquo, and Ghi)
| | - Francesca Ormitti
- Neuroradiology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (Dr Ormitti)
| | - Antonio Percesepe
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Genetics, University of Parma, Italy (Prof Percesepe)
| | - Elisa Montaguti
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (Drs Montaguti, Salsi, and Prof Pilu)
| | - Corinne Labadini
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy (Drs Ramirez Zegarra and Volpe, Prof Dall'Asta, Drs Chiarelli, Labadini, di Pasquo, and Ghi)
| | - Ginevra Salsi
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (Drs Montaguti, Salsi, and Prof Pilu)
| | - Elvira di Pasquo
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy (Drs Ramirez Zegarra and Volpe, Prof Dall'Asta, Drs Chiarelli, Labadini, di Pasquo, and Ghi)
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Dr Bonasoni)
| | - Edwin Quarello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France (Dr Quarello)
| | - Gianluigi Pilu
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (Drs Montaguti, Salsi, and Prof Pilu)
| | - Giampaolo Grisolia
- Department of High-Risk Pregnancy, Mantova Ospedale C. Poma, Mantua, Italy (Dr Grisolia)
| | - Andrea Righini
- Department of Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy (Prof Righini)
| | - Tullio Ghi
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy (Drs Ramirez Zegarra and Volpe, Prof Dall'Asta, Drs Chiarelli, Labadini, di Pasquo, and Ghi).
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Lynton Z, Suárez R, Fenlon LR. Brain plasticity following corpus callosum agenesis or loss: a review of the Probst bundles. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1296779. [PMID: 38020213 PMCID: PMC10657877 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1296779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the largest axonal tract in the human brain, connecting the left and right cortical hemipheres. This structure is affected in myriad human neurodevelopmental disorders, and can be entirely absent as a result of congenital or surgical causes. The age when callosal loss occurs, for example via surgical section in cases of refractory epilepsy, correlates with resulting brain morphology and neuropsychological outcomes, whereby an earlier loss generally produces relatively improved interhemispheric connectivity compared to a loss in adulthood (known as the "Sperry's paradox"). However, the mechanisms behind these age-dependent differences remain unclear. Perhaps the best documented and most striking of the plastic changes that occur due to developmental, but not adult, callosal loss is the formation of large, bilateral, longitudinal ectopic tracts termed Probst bundles. Despite over 100 years of research into these ectopic tracts, which are the largest and best described stereotypical ectopic brain tracts in humans, much remains unclear about them. Here, we review the anatomy of the Probst bundles, along with evidence for their faciliatory or detrimental function, the required conditions for their formation, patterns of etiology, and mechanisms of development. We provide hypotheses for many of the remaining mysteries of the Probst bundles, including their possible relationship to preserved interhemispheric communication following corpus callosum absence. Future research into naturally occurring plastic tracts such as Probst bundles will help to inform the general rules governing axon plasticity and disorders of brain miswiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Lynton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Suárez
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura R. Fenlon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Mufti N, Chappell J, Aertsen M, Ebner M, Fidon L, Deprest J, David AL, Melbourne A. Assessment of longitudinal brain development using super-resolution magnetic resonance imaging following fetal surgery for open spina bifida. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 62:707-720. [PMID: 37161647 PMCID: PMC10947002 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prenatal surgery is offered for selected fetuses with open spina bifida (OSB) to improve long-term outcome. We studied the effect of fetal OSB surgery on brain development using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to quantify the volume, surface area and shape of cerebral structures and to analyze surface curvature by means of parameters that correspond to gyrification. METHODS We compared MRI data from 29 fetuses with OSB before fetal surgery (mean gestational age (GA), 23 + 3 weeks) and at 1 and 6 weeks after surgery, with that of 36 GA-matched control fetuses (GA range, 21 + 2 to 36 + 2 weeks). Automated super-resolution reconstruction provided three-dimensional isotropic volumetric brain images. Unmyelinated white matter, cerebellum and ventricles were segmented automatically and refined manually, after which volume, surface area and shape parameter (volume/surface area) were quantified. Mathematical markers (shape index (SI) and curvedness) were used to measure gyrification. Parameters were assessed according to lesion type (myelomeningocele vs myeloschisis (MS)), postoperative persistence of hindbrain herniation (HH) and the presence of supratentorial anomalies, namely partial agenesis of the corpus callosum (pACC) and heterotopia (HT). RESULTS Growth in ventricular volume per week and change in shape parameter per week were higher at 6 weeks after surgery in fetuses with OSB compared with controls (median, 2500.94 (interquartile range (IQR), 1689.70-3580.80) mm3 /week vs 708.21 (IQR, 474.50-925.00) mm3 /week; P < 0.001 and 0.075 (IQR, 0.047-0.112) mm/week vs 0.022 (IQR, 0.009-0.042) mm/week; P = 0.046, respectively). Ventricular volume growth increased 6 weeks after surgery in cases with pACC (P < 0.001) and those with persistent HH (P = 0.002). During that time period, the change in unmyelinated white-matter shape parameter per week was decreased in OSB fetuses compared with controls (0.056 (IQR, 0.044-0.092) mm/week vs 0.159 (IQR, 0.100-0.247) mm/week; P = 0.002), particularly in cases with persistent HH (P = 0.011), MS (P = 0.015), HT (P = 0.022), HT with corpus callosum anomaly (P = 0.017) and persistent HH with corpus callosum anomaly (P = 0.007). At 6 weeks postoperatively, despite OSB fetuses having a lower rate of change in curvedness compared with controls (0.061 (IQR, 0.040-0.093) mm-1 /week vs 0.094 (IQR, 0.070-0.146) mm-1 /week; P < 0.001), reversing the trend seen at 1 week after surgery (0.144 (IQR, 0.099-0.236) mm-1 /week vs 0.072 (IQR, 0.059-0.081) mm-1 /week; P < 0.001), gyrification, as determined using SI, appeared to be increased in OSB fetuses overall compared with controls. This observation was more prominent in fetuses with pACC and those with severe ventriculomegaly (P-value range, < 0.001 to 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Following fetal OSB repair, volume, shape and curvedness of ventricles and unmyelinated white matter differed significantly compared with those of normal fetuses. Morphological brain changes after fetal surgery were not limited to effects on the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. These observations may have implications for postnatal neurocognitive outcome. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Mufti
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS)King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - J. Chappell
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS)King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Aertsen
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Hospitals Katholieke Universiteit (KU) LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - M. Ebner
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS)King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - L. Fidon
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS)King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - J. Deprest
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity Hospitals Katholieke Universiteit (KU) LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - A. L. David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity Hospitals Katholieke Universiteit (KU) LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- National Institute for Health and Care Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - A. Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS)King's College LondonLondonUK
- Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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10
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Dhakal P, Aryal AB, Dev A, Dhakal S, Kandel D. Asymmetric ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cyst, and dysgenesis of corpus callosum (AVID) - case report. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:3936-3940. [PMID: 37663572 PMCID: PMC10472145 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AVID (Asymmetric ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cyst, and dysgenesis of corpus callosum) spectrum is a rare phenomenon as such in its whole and the defects are not exclusive to the condition. Each may occur in isolation or together and have characteristic clinical and imaging findings. The vast array of mimics coexisting with the condition makes it a harder diagnosis to make and requires a great length of experience and observation which may explain the limited recordings of AVID. Sonography and fetal magnetic resonance imaging goes a long way and provide accurate diagnosis ruling out the mimics and aiding in prenatal visualization of the defects. Accurate diagnosis aids in effective management and counseling regarding outcomes and the potential timeline of the severity of the symptoms. In its rarity, this case report of AVID is one of the first report of its kind reported from Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Dhakal
- Department of Radiology, Bir, Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Abinash Dev
- B.P. Koirala Institute Of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | | | - Devraj Kandel
- Department of Radiology, Bir, Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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11
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Corroenne R, Grevent D, Kasprian G, Stirnemann J, Ville Y, Mahallati H, Salomon LJ. Corpus callosal reference ranges: systematic review of methodology of biometric chart construction and measurements obtained. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 62:175-184. [PMID: 36864530 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adequate reference ranges of size of the corpus callosum (CC) are necessary to improve characterization of CC abnormalities and parental counseling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the methodology used in studies developing references charts for CC biometry. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of studies on fetal CC biometry using a set of predefined quality criteria of study design, statistical analysis and reporting methods. We included observational studies whose primary aim was to create ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging charts for CC size in a normal population of fetuses. Studies were scored against a predefined set of independently agreed methodological criteria, and an overall quality score was given for each study. RESULTS Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality scores ranged between 17.4% and 95.7%. The greatest potential for bias was noted for the following items: sample selection and sample-size calculation, as only 17% of the studies were population-based and had consecutive or random recruitment of patients and with a justification of the sample size; number of measurements obtained for CC biometry, as only 17% of the studies performed more than one measurement per fetus and per scan; and description of characteristics of the study population, as only 8% of the studies clearly reported a minimum dataset of demographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Our review demonstrates substantial heterogeneity in methods and final biometric values of the fetal CC across the evaluated studies. The use of uniform methodology of the highest quality is essential in order to define a 'short' CC and provide appropriate parental counseling. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Corroenne
- Department of Obstetrics, Fetal Medicine and Surgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- EA Fetus 7328 and LUMIERE Platform, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - D Grevent
- EA Fetus 7328 and LUMIERE Platform, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Radiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - G Kasprian
- Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Stirnemann
- Department of Obstetrics, Fetal Medicine and Surgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- EA Fetus 7328 and LUMIERE Platform, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Y Ville
- Department of Obstetrics, Fetal Medicine and Surgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- EA Fetus 7328 and LUMIERE Platform, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - H Mahallati
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - L J Salomon
- Department of Obstetrics, Fetal Medicine and Surgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- EA Fetus 7328 and LUMIERE Platform, University of Paris, Paris, France
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12
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Smith CJ, Smith ZG, Rasool H, Cullen K, Ghosh M, Woolley TE, Uzun O, Loh NR, Tucker D, Syed YA. Unravelling the Clinical Co-Morbidity and Risk Factors Associated with Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113623. [PMID: 37297816 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum (ACC) can result in multiple neurological deficits including social and behavioural issues. However, the underlying aetiology, clinical co-morbidity and the contributing risk factors remain elusive, resulting in inaccurate prognosis and delayed therapy. The main objective of this study was to comprehensively describe the epidemiology and clinical co-morbidity associated with patients diagnosed with ACC. The secondary objective was to identify the factors that contribute towards increased risk for ACC. For this, we analysed 22 years (1998-2020) of clinical data across the whole of Wales, UK collected through the Congenital Anomaly Register & Information Service (CARIS) and Public Health Wales (PHW). Our results demonstrate that complete ACC (84.1%) was the prevalent subtype, in comparison to partial ACC. Further, ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus (26.37%) and ventricular septal defect (21.92%) were identified to be the most prevalent neural malformation (NM) and congenital heart disorder (CHD) in our cohort. Although 12.7% of subjects with ACC had both an NM and CHD, we found no significant association between them (χ2 (1, n = 220) = 3.84, p = 0.33). We found socioeconomic deprivation and increased maternal age contributed towards an increased risk for ACC. To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first time defines the clinical phenotypes and the factors that contribute to ACC within the Welsh population. These findings will be of value to both patients and healthcare professionals, who may take preventative or remedial measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum J Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave., Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Zoey G Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave., Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Hania Rasool
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave., Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Katie Cullen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave., Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Meghana Ghosh
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave., Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Orhan Uzun
- School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4AG, UK
| | - Ne Ron Loh
- University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Royal United Hospitals Bath, NHS Foundation Trust, Bath BA1 3NG, UK
| | - David Tucker
- Knowledge Directorate, Public Health Wales, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Yasir Ahmed Syed
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave., Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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13
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Virupakshaiah A, Teixeira SR, Sotardi S, Liu G, Agarwal S. Frontonasal Dysplasia: A Diagnostic Challenge with Fetal MRI in Twin Pregnancy. Child Neurol Open 2023; 10:2329048X231157147. [PMID: 36910596 PMCID: PMC9996711 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x231157147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Callosal agenesis is a complex condition with disruption in the steps such as cellular proliferation, migration, axonal growth, guidance, or glial patterning at the midline. Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is associated with diverse midline craniofacial malformations affecting the frontal-cranial and midface skeleton. Diagnosing midline abnormalities prenatally can be challenging, especially in twin pregnancies, due to poor resolution of skull base structures on fetal MRI, basal cephalocele could be mistaken for fluid in the nasopharynx, motion limitation, and fetal positioning. Our case highlights the importance of evaluation for other associated midline anomalies when there is callosal agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Virupakshaiah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Neurology, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sara Reis Teixeira
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Susan Sotardi
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Grant Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Neurology, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sonika Agarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Neurology, Philadelphia, USA
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14
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Nikolenko VN, Rizaeva NA, Oganesyan MV, Vekhova KA, Alyautdinova NAF, Balan SI, Karashaeva TA, Bolotskaya AA. Brain commissures and related pathologies. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2022-6-73-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. N. Nikolenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University); Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - N. A. Rizaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University); Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - M. V. Oganesyan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University); Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - K. A. Vekhova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
| | | | | | - T. A. Karashaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
| | - A. A. Bolotskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
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15
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Votava-Smith JK, Gaesser J, Harbison AL, Lee V, Tran N, Rajagopalan V, del Castillo S, Kumar SR, Herrup E, Baust T, Johnson JA, Gabriel GC, Reynolds WT, Wallace J, Meyers B, Ceschin R, Lo CW, Schmithorst VJ, Panigrahy A. Clinical factors associated with microstructural connectome related brain dysmaturation in term neonates with congenital heart disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:952355. [PMID: 36466162 PMCID: PMC9717392 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.952355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Term congenital heart disease (CHD) neonates display abnormalities of brain structure and maturation, which are possibly related to underlying patient factors, abnormal physiology and perioperative insults. Our primary goal was to delineate associations between clinical factors and postnatal brain microstructure in term CHD neonates using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) magnetic resonance (MR) acquisition combined with complementary data-driven connectome and seed-based tractography quantitative analyses. Our secondary goal was to delineate associations between mild dysplastic structural brain abnormalities and connectome and seed-base tractography quantitative analyses. These mild dysplastic structural abnormalities have been derived from prior human infant CHD MR studies and neonatal mouse models of CHD that were collectively used to calculate to calculate a brain dysplasia score (BDS) that included assessment of subcortical structures including the olfactory bulb, the cerebellum and the hippocampus. Methods Neonates undergoing cardiac surgery for CHD were prospectively recruited from two large centers. Both pre- and postoperative MR brain scans were obtained. DTI in 42 directions was segmented into 90 regions using a neonatal brain template and three weighted methods. Clinical data collection included 18 patient-specific and 9 preoperative variables associated with preoperative scan and 6 intraoperative (e.g., cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest times) and 12 postoperative variables associated with postoperative scan. We compared patient specific and preoperative clinical factors to network topology and tractography alterations on a preoperative neonatal brain MRI, and intra and postoperative clinical factors to network topology alterations on postoperative neonatal brain MRI. A composite BDS was created to score abnormal findings involving the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis, supratentorial extra-axial fluid, olfactory bulbs and sulci, hippocampus, choroid plexus, corpus callosum, and brainstem. The neuroimaging outcomes of this study included (1) connectome metrics: cost (number of connections) and global/nodal efficiency (network integration); (2) seed based tractography methods of fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity. Statistics consisted of multiple regression with false discovery rate correction (FDR) comparing the clinical risk factors and BDS (including subcortical components) as predictors/exposures and the global connectome metrics, nodal efficiency, and seed based- tractography (FA, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity) as neuroimaging outcome measures. Results A total of 133 term neonates with complex CHD were prospectively enrolled and 110 had analyzable DTI. Multiple patient-specific factors including d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) physiology and severity of impairment of fetal cerebral substrate delivery (i.e., how much the CHD lesion alters typical fetal circulation such that the highest oxygen and nutrient rich blood from the placenta are not directed toward the fetal brain) were predictive of preoperative reduced cost (p < 0.0073) and reduced global/nodal efficiency (p < 0.03). Cardiopulmonary bypass time predicted postoperative reduced cost (p < 0.04) and multiple postoperative factors [extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), seizures and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)] were predictive of postoperative reduced cost and reduced global/nodal efficiency (p < 0.05). Anthropometric measurements (weight, length, and head size) predicted tractography outcomes. Total BDS was not predictive of brain network topology. However, key subcortical components of the BDS score did predict key global and nodal network topology: abnormalities of the cerebellum predicted reduced cost (p < 0.0417) and of the hippocampus predicted reduced global efficiency (p < 0.0126). All three subcortical structures predicted unique alterations of nodal efficiency (p < 0.05), including hippocampal abnormalities predicting widespread reduced nodal efficiency in all lobes of the brain, cerebellar abnormalities predicting increased prefrontal nodal efficiency, and olfactory bulb abnormalities predicting posterior parietal-occipital nodal efficiency. Conclusion Patient-specific (d-TGA anatomy, preoperative impairment of fetal cerebral substrate delivery) and postoperative (e.g., seizures, need for ECMO, or CPR) clinical factors were most predictive of diffuse postnatal microstructural dysmaturation in term CHD neonates. Anthropometric measurements (weight, length, and head size) predicted tractography outcomes. In contrast, subcortical components (cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory) of a structurally based BDS (derived from CHD mouse mutants), predicted more localized and regional postnatal microstructural differences. Collectively, these findings suggest that brain DTI connectome and seed-based tractography are complementary techniques which may facilitate deciphering the mechanistic relative contribution of clinical and genetic risk factors related to poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie K. Votava-Smith
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jenna Gaesser
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Vince Lee
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nhu Tran
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vidya Rajagopalan
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sylvia del Castillo
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - S. Ram Kumar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Herrup
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, Department of Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tracy Baust
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, Department of Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Johnson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - George C. Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William T. Reynolds
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Julia Wallace
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Benjamin Meyers
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rafael Ceschin
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cecilia W. Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vanessa J. Schmithorst
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Ashok Panigrahy,
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Romaniello R, Arrigoni F, De Salvo P, Bonaglia MC, Panzeri E, Bassi MT, Parazzini C, Righini A, Borgatti R. Long-term follow-up in a cohort of children with isolated corpus callosum agenesis at fetal MRI. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:2280-2288. [PMID: 34850608 PMCID: PMC8670314 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This long‐term retrospective follow‐up study aimed to address the knowledge gap between prenatal diagnosis of complete isolated Agenesis of Corpus Callosum (cACC) at fetal MRI and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome to improve prenatal counseling for parents. Methods Data on fetuses with isolated cACC from a single‐center MRI database built up in two decades were considered. Detailed postnatal clinical, neuropsychological evaluations were performed and descriptions of available neuroradiological and genetic data were provided. Results Following a detailed neuropsychological evaluation and a long‐term follow‐up, the subsequent results emerged: 38 school‐aged children (older than 6 years) of 50 (aged 2.5‐15 years) showed normal intellectual functions (50%), intellectual disability (21%), and borderline intelligence quotient (29%). Deficits in motor functions (58%), executive functions (37%), language (61%), memory abilities (58%), and academic performances (53%) were found. Twenty‐one percent of participants showed behavioral difficulties. Almost half of the participants underwent rehabilitation. Additional findings (21%) were detected at postnatal brain MRI, and a significant association between additional findings at postnatal imaging and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome was observed. Interpretations This study supports the view that children with prenatal diagnosis of isolated cACC may present with several degrees of neurologic and neuropsychological impairment which become more evident only in their second decade of life. Postnatal MRI and detailed genetic analysis may add crucial information to prenatal data and substantially influence final judgment on the outcome and orient clinical management and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Romaniello
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Filippo Arrigoni
- Neuroimaging Lab, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Patrizia De Salvo
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Maria Clara Bonaglia
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Elena Panzeri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Cecilia Parazzini
- Radiology and Neuroradiology Department, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Righini
- Radiology and Neuroradiology Department, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum with Facial Dysmorphism and Intellectual Disability in Sibs Associated with Compound Heterozygous KDM5B Variants. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091397. [PMID: 34573379 PMCID: PMC8467522 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied a family in which the first-born child, a girl, had developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, and agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC). The subsequent pregnancy was interrupted as the fetus was found to be also affected by ACC. Both cases were heterozygous for two KDM5B variants predicting p (Ala635Thr) and p (Ser1155AlafsTer4) that were shown to be in trans. KDM5B variants have been previously associated with moderate to severe developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and dysmorphism in a few individuals, but the pathogenetic mechanisms are not clear yet as patients with both monoallelic and biallelic variants have been observed. Interestingly, one individual has previously been reported with ACC and severe ID in association with biallelic KDM5B variants. Together with the observations in this family, this suggests that agenesis of the corpus callosum may be part of the phenotypic spectrum associated with KDM5B variants and that the KDM5B gene should be included in gene panels to clarify the etiology of ACC both in the prenatal and postnatal setting.
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Guo Y, Ortug A, Sadberry R, Rezayev A, Levman J, Shiohama T, Takahashi E. Symptom-Related Differential Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Children with Corpus Callosum Abnormalities. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4916-4932. [PMID: 34289021 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify symptom-related neuroimaging biomarkers for patients with dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (dCC) by summarizing neurological symptoms reported in clinical evaluations and correlating them with retrospectively collected structural/diffusion brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures from 39 patients/controls (mean age 8.08 ± 3.98). Most symptoms/disorders studied were associated with CC abnormalities. Total brain (TB) volume was related to language, cognition, muscle tone, and metabolic/endocrine abnormalities. Although white matter (WM) volume was not related to symptoms studied, gray matter (GM) volume was related to cognitive, behavioral, and metabolic/endocrine disorders. Right hemisphere (RH) cortical thickness (CT) was linked to language abnormalities, while left hemisphere (LH) CT was linked to epilepsy. While RH gyrification index (GI) was not related to any symptoms studied, LH GI was uniquely related to cognitive disorders. Between patients and controls, GM volume and LH/RH CT were significantly greater in dCC patients, while WM volume and LH/RH GI were significantly greater in controls. TB volume and diffusion indices for tissue microstructures did not show differences between the groups. In summary, our brain MRI-based measures successfully revealed differential links to many symptoms. Specifically, LH GI abnormality can be a predictor for dCC patients, which is uniquely associated with the patients' symptom. In addition, patients with CC abnormalities had normal TB volume and overall tissue microstructures, with potentially deteriorated mechanisms to expand/fold the brain, indicated by GI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Guo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alpen Ortug
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rodney Sadberry
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Arthur Rezayev
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacob Levman
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Tadashi Shiohama
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 2608670, Japan
| | - Emi Takahashi
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Rosewater JB, Zaydlin M, McLeod-Bryant SA. Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum in a Patient With Schizophrenia. Cureus 2021; 13:e16058. [PMID: 34345546 PMCID: PMC8323475 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to report the case of a 25-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia who presented involuntarily to the psychiatric emergency department (ED) due to worsening agitation, paranoia, and disorganized behavior concerning a psychotic episode. During medical clearance to rule out acute organic causes of altered mental status prior to admission, the patient was found to have agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) on CT of the brain. ACC is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of the commissural pathway that connects the two cerebral hemispheres. This case presents a thought-provoking incidental anatomical finding in a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic schizophrenia and allows for further discussion about the prevalence of undiagnosed malformations and possible underlying genetic contributions in patients with chronic mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Rosewater
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, USA
| | - Michelle Zaydlin
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, USA
| | - Stephen A McLeod-Bryant
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, USA
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20
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Izzo G, Toto V, Doneda C, Parazzini C, Lanna M, Bulfamante G, Righini A. Fetal thick corpus callosum: new insights from neuroimaging and neuropathology in two cases and literature review. Neuroradiology 2021; 63:2139-2148. [PMID: 34021362 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the correlation between fetal imaging (in vivo and ex vivo) and neuropathology in two fetuses at early gestational age (GA) with isolated thick corpus callosum (CC), a rare finding whose pathological significance and neuropathology data are scarce. METHODS Two fetuses at 21-week GA underwent fetal MRI (fMRI) for suspected callosal anomalies at ultrasound (US). After fMRI results, termination of pregnancy (TOP) was carried out and post-mortem MRI (pmMRI) was performed. Neuropathology correlation consisted in macro and microscopic evaluation with sections prepared for hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS Fetal imaging confirmed in both cases the presence of a shorter and thicker CC with respect to the reference standard at the same GA, without a clear distinction between its different parts. Moreover, on pmMRI, an abnormal slightly T2-weighted hyperintense layer along the superior and inferior surface of CC was noted in both cases. At histopathology, these findings corresponded to an increased amount of white matter tracts but also to an abnormal representation of embryological structures that contribute to CC development, naming induseum griseum (IG) and the glioepithelial layer (GL) of the "callosal sling." After reviewing the literature data, we confirmed the recent embryological theory regarding the CC development and provide new insights into the pathophysiology of the abnormal cases. CONCLUSIONS An abnormally thick CC at the early fetal period could be associated to an abnormal representation of the midline glia structures, so to result in potential disturbance of the axon guidance mechanism of callosal formation and eventually in CC dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giana Izzo
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi , Via Castelvetro, 32 20154, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Toto
- Department of Health Sciences, Pathology Division, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Doneda
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi , Via Castelvetro, 32 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Parazzini
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi , Via Castelvetro, 32 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariano Lanna
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Department of Health Sciences, Pathology Division, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Righini
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi , Via Castelvetro, 32 20154, Milan, Italy
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21
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Morcom L, Edwards TJ, Rider E, Jones-Davis D, Lim JW, Chen KS, Dean RJ, Bunt J, Ye Y, Gobius I, Suárez R, Mandelstam S, Sherr EH, Richards LJ. DRAXIN regulates interhemispheric fissure remodelling to influence the extent of corpus callosum formation. eLife 2021; 10:61618. [PMID: 33945466 PMCID: PMC8137145 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) is a congenital disorder that incorporates either partial or complete absence of the largest cerebral commissure. Remodelling of the interhemispheric fissure (IHF) provides a substrate for callosal axons to cross between hemispheres, and its failure is the main cause of complete CCD. However, it is unclear whether defects in this process could give rise to the heterogeneity of expressivity and phenotypes seen in human cases of CCD. We identify incomplete IHF remodelling as the key structural correlate for the range of callosal abnormalities in inbred and outcrossed BTBR mouse strains, as well as in humans with partial CCD. We identify an eight base-pair deletion in Draxin and misregulated astroglial and leptomeningeal proliferation as genetic and cellular factors for variable IHF remodelling and CCD in BTBR strains. These findings support a model where genetic events determine corpus callosum structure by influencing leptomeningeal-astroglial interactions at the IHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morcom
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy J Edwards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eric Rider
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Dorothy Jones-Davis
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jonathan Wc Lim
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kok-Siong Chen
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ryan J Dean
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jens Bunt
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yunan Ye
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ilan Gobius
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Suárez
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simone Mandelstam
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Linda J Richards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
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22
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Fenlon LR, Suarez R, Lynton Z, Richards LJ. The evolution, formation and connectivity of the anterior commissure. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:50-59. [PMID: 33958283 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The anterior commissure is the most ancient of the forebrain interhemispheric connections among all vertebrates. Indeed, it is the predominant pallial commissure in all non-eutherian vertebrates, universally subserving basic functions related to olfaction and survival. A key feature of the anterior commissure is its ability to convey connections from diverse brain areas, such as most of the neocortex in non-eutherian mammals, thereby mediating the bilateral integration of diverse functions. Shared developmental mechanisms between the anterior commissure and more evolutionarily recent commissures, such as the corpus callosum in eutherians, have led to the hypothesis that the former may have been a precursor for additional expansion of commissural circuits. However, differences between the formation of the anterior commissure and other telencephalic commissures suggest that independent developmental mechanisms underlie the emergence of these connections in extant species. Here, we review the developmental mechanisms and connectivity of the anterior commissure across evolutionarily distant species, and highlight its potential functional importance in humans, both in the course of normal neurodevelopment, and as a site of plastic axonal rerouting in the absence or damage of other connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Fenlon
- The University of Queensland, The Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Rodrigo Suarez
- The University of Queensland, The Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zorana Lynton
- The University of Queensland, The Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia; The Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Linda J Richards
- The University of Queensland, The Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia; The School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia.
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23
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Manor C, Rangasami R, Suresh I, Suresh S. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Fetal Corpus Callosal Developmental Abnormalities: A Pictorial Essay. J Pediatr Neurosci 2021; 15:352-357. [PMID: 33936297 PMCID: PMC8078640 DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_174_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the principal supratentorial cerebral commissure, which connects the two cerebral hemispheres in the midline. It is divided into rostrum, genu, body, and splenium. Affected patients may develop mental retardation, dysmorphic features, spasticity, ataxia, or epilepsy. Corpus callosal abnormalities may be isolated or be associated with other anomalies such as sulcal abnormality, ventriculomegaly, cerebellar hypoplasia or cerebellar vermian hypoplasia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a major role in the diagnosis of fetal corpus callosal developmental abnormalities when they are suspected on sonography. This pictorial essay shows the MRI findings in fetal corpus callosal developmental abnormalities in a very systematic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindhya Manor
- Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajeswaran Rangasami
- Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Indrani Suresh
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Mediscan Systems, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudarshan Suresh
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Mediscan Systems, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Choi JJ, Yang E, Soul JS, Jaimes C. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging: supratentorial brain malformations. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:1934-1947. [PMID: 33252760 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fetal MRI is the modality of choice to study supratentorial brain malformations. To accurately interpret the MRI, the radiologist needs to understand the normal sequence of events that occurs during prenatal brain development; this includes familiarity with the processes of hemispheric cleavage, formation of interhemispheric commissures, neuro-glial proliferation and migration, and cortical folding. Disruption of these processes results in malformations observed on fetal MRI including holoprosencephaly, callosal agenesis, heterotopic gray matter, lissencephaly and other malformations of cortical development (focal cortical dysplasia, polymicrogyria). The radiologist should also be familiar with findings that have high association with specific conditions affecting the central nervous system or other organ systems. This review summarizes and illustrates common patterns of supratentorial brain malformations and emphasizes aspects that are important to patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwhan John Choi
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Yang
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet S Soul
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camilo Jaimes
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Paradiso S, Brown WS, Porcerelli JH, Tranel D, Adolphs R, Paul LK. Integration Between Cerebral Hemispheres Contributes to Defense Mechanisms. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1534. [PMID: 32733338 PMCID: PMC7359856 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Defense mechanisms are mental functions which facilitate coping when real or imagined events challenge personal wishes, needs, and feelings. Whether defense mechanisms have a specific neural basis is unknown. The present research tested the hypothesis that interhemispheric integration plays a critical role in defense mechanism development, by studying a unique sample of patients born without the corpus callosum (agenesis of the corpus callosum; AgCC). Adults with AgCC (N = 27) and matched healthy volunteers (N = 30) were compared on defense mechanism use across increasing levels of developmental maturity (denial, least; projection, intermediate; identification, most). Narratives generated in response to Thematic Apperception Test images were scored according to the Defense Mechanism Manual. Greater use of denial and less identification was found in persons with AgCC, compared to healthy comparisons. This difference emerged after age 18 when full maturation of defenses among healthy individuals was expected. The findings provide clinically important characterization of social and emotional processing in persons with AgCC. More broadly, the results support the hypothesis that functional integration across the hemispheres is important for the development of defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Paradiso
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Warren S Brown
- Travis Research Institute, Fuller Graduate School of Psychology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,International Research Consortium for the Corpus Callosum and Cerebral Connectivity (IRC5), Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - John H Porcerelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Department of Neurology and Psychology and Neuroscience Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ralph Adolphs
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Lynn K Paul
- Travis Research Institute, Fuller Graduate School of Psychology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,International Research Consortium for the Corpus Callosum and Cerebral Connectivity (IRC5), Pasadena, CA, United States
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26
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Lennox AL, Hoye ML, Jiang R, Johnson-Kerner BL, Suit LA, Venkataramanan S, Sheehan CJ, Alsina FC, Fregeau B, Aldinger KA, Moey C, Lobach I, Afenjar A, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Bézieau S, Blackburn PR, Bunt J, Burglen L, Campeau PM, Charles P, Chung BHY, Cogné B, Curry C, D'Agostino MD, Di Donato N, Faivre L, Héron D, Innes AM, Isidor B, Keren B, Kimball A, Klee EW, Kuentz P, Küry S, Martin-Coignard D, Mirzaa G, Mignot C, Miyake N, Matsumoto N, Fujita A, Nava C, Nizon M, Rodriguez D, Blok LS, Thauvin-Robinet C, Thevenon J, Vincent M, Ziegler A, Dobyns W, Richards LJ, Barkovich AJ, Floor SN, Silver DL, Sherr EH. Pathogenic DDX3X Mutations Impair RNA Metabolism and Neurogenesis during Fetal Cortical Development. Neuron 2020; 106:404-420.e8. [PMID: 32135084 PMCID: PMC7331285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
De novo germline mutations in the RNA helicase DDX3X account for 1%-3% of unexplained intellectual disability (ID) cases in females and are associated with autism, brain malformations, and epilepsy. Yet, the developmental and molecular mechanisms by which DDX3X mutations impair brain function are unknown. Here, we use human and mouse genetics and cell biological and biochemical approaches to elucidate mechanisms by which pathogenic DDX3X variants disrupt brain development. We report the largest clinical cohort to date with DDX3X mutations (n = 107), demonstrating a striking correlation between recurrent dominant missense mutations, polymicrogyria, and the most severe clinical outcomes. We show that Ddx3x controls cortical development by regulating neuron generation. Severe DDX3X missense mutations profoundly disrupt RNA helicase activity, induce ectopic RNA-protein granules in neural progenitors and neurons, and impair translation. Together, these results uncover key mechanisms underlying DDX3X syndrome and highlight aberrant RNA metabolism in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Lennox
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mariah L Hoye
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ruiji Jiang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Lindsey A Suit
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Srivats Venkataramanan
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Charles J Sheehan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fernando C Alsina
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brieana Fregeau
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Ching Moey
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Iryna Lobach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et Département de génétique et embryologie médicale, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick R Blackburn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jens Bunt
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et Département de génétique et embryologie médicale, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Perrine Charles
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière et Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Cynthia Curry
- Genetic Medicine, University of California San Francisco/Fresno, Fresno, CA 93701, USA
| | - Maria Daniela D'Agostino
- Division of Medical Genetics, Departments of Specialized Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, INSERM UMR 1231 GAD, CHU de Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- APHP, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Boris Keren
- APHP, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Amy Kimball
- Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paul Kuentz
- UMR-INSERM 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Ghayda Mirzaa
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière et Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Caroline Nava
- APHP, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Diana Rodriguez
- Centre de Référence Neurogénétique & Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Lot Snijders Blok
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Centre de référence Déficience Intellectuelle, INSERM UMR 1231 GAD, CHU de Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, INSERM UMR 1231 GAD, CHU de Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - William Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Linda J Richards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - A James Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephen N Floor
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Debra L Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Sanders Pereira Pinto P, de Almeida TM, Monteiro L, Souza MMDS, Alves Dos Santos GA, Cardoso CW, Dos Santos LM, Ribeiro GS, Dos Santos DN. Brain abnormalities on neuroimaging in Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome in Salvador, Brazil, and its possible implications on neuropsychological development. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:189-196. [PMID: 32065434 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the spectrum of brain damages presented in children affected by Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), verify the existence of a co-occurrence pattern of these damages and discuss possible implications for the neuropsychological development. METHODS Descriptive, quantitative, individualized, and cross-sectional study using secondary sources. We selected 136 children with CZS from the database of the Center of Strategic Information on Health Vigilance of the Municipal Office of Salvador, Brazil. We conducted descriptive and multiple correspondence analyses. RESULTS Among the set of analyzed variables, microcephaly (51.5%), ventriculomegaly (57.4%), and brain calcifications (77.2%) were identified as the most frequent. The multiple correspondence analysis showed that the combination of these three variables (32.4%) was what better represented the spectrum of brain damages in the Central Nervous System. INTERPRETATION Damage in the sensory-motor, cognitive and language development, as well as neurodevelopmental disorders, are described in the literature as impairments associated, either isolated or combined, with these damages, and it is worth highlighting that, in combined brain damages, impairments tend to be more severe. The findings of this study may contribute to understanding the repercussions of CZS on the neuropsychological development of children affected by the epidemic.
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Herrera WG, Pereira M, Bento M, Lapa AT, Appenzeller S, Rittner L. A framework for quality control of corpus callosum segmentation in large-scale studies. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 334:108593. [PMID: 31972183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest white matter structure in the brain, responsible for the interconnection of the brain hemispheres. Its segmentation is a required preliminary step for any posterior analysis, such as parcellation, registration, and feature extraction. In this context, the quality control (QC) of CC segmentation allows studies on large datasets with no human interaction, and the proper usage of available automated and semi-automated algorithms. NEW METHOD We propose a framework for QC of CC segmentation based on the shape signature, computed at 49 distinct resolutions. At each resolution, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was trained, generating 49 individual classifiers. Then, a disagreement metric was used to cluster these individual classifiers. The final ensemble was constructed by selecting one representation from each cluster. RESULTS The proposed framework achieved an area under the curve (AUC) metric of 98.25% on the test set (207 subjects) employing an ensemble composed of 12 components. This ensemble outperformed all individual classifiers. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach to assess quality of CC segmentations on large datasets without the need for a ground-truth. CONCLUSIONS The shape descriptor is robust and versatile, describing the segmentation at different resolutions. The selection of classifiers and the disagreement measure lead to an ensemble composed of high-quality and heterogeneous classifiers, ensuring an optimal trade-off between the ensemble size and high AUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Garcia Herrera
- Medical Image Computing Laboratory (MICLab), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil.
| | - Mariana Pereira
- Medical Image Computing Laboratory (MICLab), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Mariana Bento
- Radiology and Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Aline Tamires Lapa
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Leticia Rittner
- Medical Image Computing Laboratory (MICLab), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
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Bina R, Matalon D, Fregeau B, Tarsitano JJ, Aukrust I, Houge G, Bend R, Warren H, Stevenson RE, Stuurman KE, Barkovich AJ, Sherr EH. De novo variants in SUPT16H cause neurodevelopmental disorders associated with corpus callosum abnormalities. J Med Genet 2020; 57:461-465. [PMID: 31924697 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has identified de novo variants in chromatin remodelling genes in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). We report on a novel genetic discovery in chromatin remodelling in patients with NDD who also have corpus callosum (CC) anomalies. OBJECTIVE To discover novel genes linked to both CC anomalies and NDD. METHODS Clinical WES was performed for evaluation of NDD, identifying five patients with de novo variants in SUPT16H, a subunit of the FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) complex. The clinical phenotypes, genetic results and brain MRIs were obtained and systematically reviewed. In silico protein function predictions were assessed and allele frequencies in control populations were compared. RESULTS We identified four patients with de novo missense variants in SUPT16H and one patient with a de novo deletion including SUPT16H. These variants were not reported in the updated Genome Aggregation Database. When assayable, all protein products were predicted to be damaging. Symptoms included intellectual disability, autistic features, minor dysmorphic features and seizures. Anomalies of the CC were seen in all three patients with available brain imaging. CONCLUSION Our findings implicate the gene SUPT16H in a novel disorder characterised by neurodevelopmental deficits and CC anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Bina
- Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dena Matalon
- Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | - Ingvild Aukrust
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Houge
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Renee Bend
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hannah Warren
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
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Anterior and posterior commissures in agenesis of the corpus callosum: Alternative pathways for attention processes? Cortex 2019; 121:454-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mancuso L, Uddin LQ, Nani A, Costa T, Cauda F. Brain functional connectivity in individuals with callosotomy and agenesis of the corpus callosum: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 105:231-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Stoll C, Dott B, Roth MP. Associated anomalies in cases with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2101-2111. [PMID: 31444900 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC) is an uncommon congenital anomaly, its etiology is unclear and its pathogenesis is controversial. Cases with ACC often have other non-ACC associated congenital anomalies. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and the types of these associated anomalies in a defined population. The associated anomalies in cases with ACC were collected in all live births, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancy during 29 years in 387,067 consecutive births in the area covered by our population-based registry of congenital malformations. Of the 99 cases with ACC, representing a prevalence of 2.56 per 10,000, 73 (73.7%) had associated anomalies. There were 16 (16.2%) cases with chromosomal abnormalities, and 13 (13.2%) nonchromosomal recognized dysmorphic conditions including syndromes two each: Aicardi, Dandy-Walker, and fetal alcoholism. Forty-four (44.4%) of the cases had nonsyndromic multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). Anomalies in the musculoskeletal, the urogenital, the central nervous, the cardiovascular, and the digestive systems were the most common other anomalies in the cases with MCA. The anomalies associated with ACC could be classified into a recognizable malformation syndrome in 29 out of the 73 cases (39.7%) with associated anomalies. This study included special strengths: it is population-based, each affected child was examined by a geneticist, all elective terminations were ascertained, and the surveillance for anomalies was continued until 2 years of age. In conclusion the overall prevalence of associated anomalies, three of four cases, emphasizes the need for a screening for other anomalies in cases with ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Stoll
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Beatrice Dott
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Paule Roth
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Vontell R, Supramaniam VG, Davidson A, Thornton C, Marnerides A, Holder-Espinasse M, Lillis S, Yau S, Jansson M, Hagberg HE, Rutherford MA. Post-mortem Characterisation of a Case With an ACTG1 Variant, Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum and Neuronal Heterotopia. Front Physiol 2019; 10:623. [PMID: 31231230 PMCID: PMC6558385 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic Actin Gamma 1 (ACTG1) gene variant are autosomal dominant and can cause CNS anomalies (Baraitser Winter Malformation Syndrome; BWMS). ACTG1 anomalies in offspring include agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) and neuronal heterotopia which are ectopic nodules of nerve cells that failed to migrate appropriately. Subcortical and periventricular neuronal heterotopia have been described previously in association with ACC. In this case report, we investigated a neonatal brain with an ACTG1 gene variant and a phenotype of ACC, and neuronal heterotopia (ACC-H) which was diagnosed on antenatal MR imaging and was consistent with band heterotopia seen on post-mortem brain images. Histologically clusters of neurons were seen in both the subcortical and periventricular white matter (PVWM) brain region that coincided with impaired abnormalities in glial formation. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded brain tissue blocks from this case with ACTG1 variant and an age-matched control. Using tissue sections from the frontal lobe, we examined the distribution of neuronal cells (HuC/HuD, calretinin, and parvalbumin), growth cone (drebrin), and synaptic proteins (synaptophysin and SNAP-25). Additionally, we investigated how the ACTG1 variant altered astroglia (nestin, GFAP, vimentin); oligodendroglia (OLIG2) and microglia (Iba-1) in the corpus callosum, cortex, caudal ganglionic eminence, and PVWM. As predicted in the ACTG1 variant case, we found a lack of midline radial glia and glutamatergic fibers. We also found disturbances in the cortical region, in glial cells and a lack of extracellular matrix components in the ACTG1 variant. The caudal ganglionic eminence and the PVWM regions in the ACTG1 variant lacked several cellular components that were identified in a control case. Within the neuronal heterotopia, we found evidence of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons with apparent synaptic connections. The data presented from this case study with BWMS with variants in the ACTG1 gene provides insight as to the composition of neuronal heterotopia, and how disturbances of important migratory signals may dramatically affect ongoing brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Vontell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Veena G. Supramaniam
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Davidson
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Thornton
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Marnerides
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muriel Holder-Espinasse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Lillis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shu Yau
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mattias Jansson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik E. Hagberg
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience – Department of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mary A. Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Meoded A, Huisman TAGM. Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Brain Malformations: Exploring the Internal Architecture. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2019; 29:423-434. [PMID: 31256863 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an advanced MR imaging technique that provides noninvasive qualitative and quantitative information about the white matter microarchitecture. By measuring the three-dimensional directional characteristics of water molecule diffusion/mobility, DTI generates unique tissue contrasts that are used to study the axonal organization of the central nervous system. Its applications include quantitative evaluation of the brain connectivity, development, and white matter diseases. This article reviews DTI and fiber tractography findings in several brain malformations and highlights the added value of DTI and fiber tractography compared with conventional MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Meoded
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 501 6th Avenue South, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6701 Fannin Street, Suite 470, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Santirocco M, Rodó C, Illescas T, Vázquez É, Garrido M, Higueras T, Arévalo S, Maiz N, Carreras E. Accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in the diagnosis of corpus callosum anomalies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:439-444. [PMID: 31035852 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1609931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound to diagnose corpus callosum alterations, compared to prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), postnatal image techniques (ultrasound and/or MRI), and post-mortem examination in terminated pregnancies.Methods: Retrospective review of 86 cases of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of corpus callosum anomalies between January 2007 and December 2015 at a third level Maternal Fetal Medicine center. The study reviewed the findings of prenatal ultrasound and MRI, post-mortem examination in cases of termination of pregnancy (TOP) or stillbirths and postnatal ultrasound, and MRI in neonates. The anomalies of corpus callosum (CC) were classified as complete agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), partial ACC, or dysgenesis of CC.Results: Fifty-eight (67.4%) cases resulted in TOP, 26 (30.2%) cases opted to continue with the pregnancy and two (2.3%) cases were lost to follow up. Among the 26 cases that continued with the pregnancy, 24 (92.3%) were live births and two (7.7%) were stillborn. All cases in which a third trimester MRI was performed (n = 46) confirmed the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of CC anomaly. In seven (15.2%) of them, the MRI found additional intracranial findings and in three cases (6.5%) the type of CC anomaly (complete, partial, or dysgenesis) was reclassified (Kappa index: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.71-1.00). CC anomalies were confirmed in 46 (95.8%) of the 48 cases in which a post-mortem examination was available, the type of anomaly being reclassified in three cases (6.3%) (Kappa index: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.75-1.00). Among the 10 cases in which a postnatal ultrasound was performed, the CC anomaly was confirmed in all and the type of anomaly was reclassified in 1 (10%) of them (Kappa index: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.32-1.00).Conclusion: Corpus callosum agenesis can be detected on the routine mid-trimester ultrasound scan. Prenatal ultrasound and MRI can accurately classify the type of CC abnormality. Moreover, third trimester MRI can detect additional intracranial anomalies in 15% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Santirocco
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Rodó
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tamara Illescas
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Élida Vázquez
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Garrido
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Higueras
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Arévalo
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Maiz
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Carreras
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Pacheva I, Todorov T, Halil Z, Yordanova R, Todorova A, Geneva I, Galabova F, Ivanov I. First case of Roma ethnic origin with Andermann syndrome: A novel frameshift mutation in exon 20 of SLC12A6 gene. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1020-1024. [PMID: 30868738 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Andermann syndrome (AS) is caused by mutation of SLC12A6 gene. It comprises severe progressive sensory and motor neuropathy with early onset, varying degree of agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC) and mental retardation. AS occurs occasionally among population outside the northeastern Quebec-Saguenay-Lac- St-Jean and Charlevoix regions, inhabited by French Canadians. None of the described patients were of Roma ethnic origin. We present an 8-month-old infant of Roma ethnic origin with AS, caused by a novel frame shift mutation c.2604delT,p.(Asp868GlufsTer11) in exon 20 of SLC12A6 gene. Our case presented with several atypical findings: clinical presentation resembling "spinal muscular atrophy plus" syndrome; tongue fasciculations, which are not reported in the literature; early contractures of the wrists; normal motor action potentials and preserved sensory action potentials. Our patient is the first of Roma origin from nonconsanguineous parents, which suggests that this mutation might be widespread in the Roma population, although screening for this mutation in 140 alleles from Roma individuals originating from the same geographic region did not reveal further carriers, implying the mutation is rare. We recommend that Roma patients presenting with the clinical phenotype of AS should be tested for this mutation primarily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyana Pacheva
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tihomir Todorov
- Genetic Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory "Genica", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zeyra Halil
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ralitsa Yordanova
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Todorova
- Genetic Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory "Genica", Sofia, Bulgaria.,Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ina Geneva
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Fani Galabova
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Dissecting the neurological phenotype in children with callosal agenesis, interhemispheric cysts and malformations of cortical development. J Neurol 2019; 266:1167-1181. [PMID: 30796522 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the neurological phenotype of children with prenatal diagnosis of agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC) and interhemispheric cysts associated with malformations of cortical development (MCD). METHODS We reviewed the neuroimaging, neurologic, EEG, and genetic data of 36 patients (21 males, mean age 7 years) with ACC and interhemispheric cysts. Associations were tested with Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS According to the 2001 Barkovich classification, we found 4 type 1c (11.1%), 6 type 2a (16.6%), 18 type 2b (50%, 6/18 girls with Aicardi syndrome), and 9 type 2c cysts (22.2%). EEG showed specific epileptic activity in 27/36 patients (75%). Epilepsy was diagnosed in 16 subjects (16/36, 44.4%), including all Aicardi patients, and was associated with cognitive impairment (p = 0.032). Severe intellectual disability and epilepsy were associated with type 2b cysts, always due to Aicardi patients (p < 0.05). After excluding Aicardi patients, all subjects with type 2b cysts had mild neurological phenotype. Patients with 2a and 2c cysts more frequently had normal cognition (83.3% and 62.5% of cases, respectively). Patients with type 1c cyst mostly had mild/moderate cognitive impairment. Severe neurologic deficits were associated with 1c cysts and 2b cysts with Aicardi syndrome (p < 0.05). Multilobar and/or bilateral MCD were associated with severe neurological and epileptic phenotypes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Once excluded Aicardi syndrome, most patients with ACC and interhemispheric cysts have a mild clinical phenotype characterized by borderline/normal cognition and minor neurological signs. Despite the high prevalence of EEG epileptic abnormalities, epilepsy in these cases is infrequent and usually responsive to antiepileptic drugs.
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Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluating Fetal Brain and Abdomen Malformations during Pregnancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55020055. [PMID: 30781564 PMCID: PMC6410250 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used as a clarifying technique after a high-resolution ultrasound examination during pregnancy. Combining ultrasound with MRI, additional diagnostic information is obtained or ultrasound diagnosis is frequently corrected. High spatial resolution provides accurate radiological imaging of internal organs and widens possibilities for detecting perinatal development disorders. The safety of MRI and the use of intravenous contrast agent gadolinium are discussed in this article. There is no currently available evidence that MRI is harmful to the fetus, although not enough research has been carried out to prove enduring safety. MRI should be performed when the benefit outweighs the potential side effects. The narrative review includes several clinical cases of fetal MRI performed in Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics.
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Oh KY, Gibson TJ, Pinter JD, Pettersson D, Shaffer BL, Selden NR, Sohaey R. Clinical outcomes following prenatal diagnosis of asymmetric ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cyst, and callosal dysgenesis (AVID). Prenat Diagn 2018; 39:26-32. [PMID: 30511781 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES When identified prenatally, the imaging triad of asymmetric ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cyst, and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (AVID) can indicate a more serious congenital brain anomaly. In this follow-up series of 15 fetuses, we present the neurodevelopmental outcomes of a single institution cohort of children diagnosed prenatally with AVID. METHODS Our fetal ultrasound database was queried for cases of AVID between 2000 and 2016. All available fetal MR imaging studies were reviewed for the presence of (a) interhemispheric cysts or ventricular diverticula and (b) dysgenesis or agenesis of the corpus callosum. Clinical records were reviewed for perinatal management, postnatal surgical management, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. RESULTS Fifteen prenatal cases of AVID were identified. Twelve were live-born and three pregnancies were terminated. Of the 12 patients, 11 underwent neurosurgical intervention. Of the eight patients surviving past infancy, seven of eight have moderate to severe neurodevelopmental delays or disabilities, encompassing both motor and language skills, and all have variable visual abnormalities. CONCLUSION In our cohort of 15 prenatally diagnosed fetuses with AVID, eight survived past infancy and all have neurodevelopmental disabilities, including motor and language deficits, a wide range of visual defects, craniofacial abnormalities, and medical comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Y Oh
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Thomas J Gibson
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph D Pinter
- Department of Pediatrics (Institute on Development & Disability, and Pediatric Neurology), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David Pettersson
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Brian L Shaffer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nathan R Selden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Roya Sohaey
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Hearne LJ, Dean RJ, Robinson GA, Richards LJ, Mattingley JB, Cocchi L. Increased cognitive complexity reveals abnormal brain network activity in individuals with corpus callosum dysgenesis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 21:101595. [PMID: 30473430 PMCID: PMC6411589 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive reasoning is thought to require functional interactions between whole-brain networks. Such networks rely on both cerebral hemispheres, with the corpus callosum providing cross-hemispheric communication. Here we used high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging (7 T fMRI), a well validated cognitive task, and brain network analyses to investigate the functional networks underlying cognitive reasoning in individuals with corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD), an anatomical abnormality that affects the corpus callosum. Participants with CCD were asked to solve cognitive reasoning problems while their brain activity was measured using fMRI. The complexity of these problems was parametrically varied by changing the complexity of relations that needed to be established between shapes within each problem matrix. Behaviorally, participants showed a typical reduction in task performance as problem complexity increased. Task-evoked neural activity was observed in brain regions known to constitute two key cognitive control systems: the fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular networks. Under low complexity demands, network topology and the patterns of local neural activity in the CCD group closely resembled those observed in neurotypical controls. By contrast, when asked to solve more complex problems, participants with CCD showed a reduction in neural activity and connectivity within the fronto-parietal network. These complexity-induced, as opposed to resting-state, differences in functional network activity help resolve the apparent paradox between preserved network architecture found at rest in CCD individuals, and the heterogeneous deficits they display in response to cognitive task demands [preprint: https://doi.org/10.1101/312629]. Individuals with corpus callosum dysgenesis fail to develop a normal corpus callosum. Resting-state functional brain networks in callosal dysgenesis appear relatively normal. Cognitive complexity revealed a deficit in fronto-parietal network activity. Differences in brain activity might only be revealed when under cognitive load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Hearne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan J Dean
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gail A Robinson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Linda J Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luca Cocchi
- Clincal Brain Networks Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Ballardini E, Marino P, Maietti E, Astolfi G, Neville AJ. Prevalence and associated factors for agenesis of corpus callosum in Emilia Romagna (1981-2015). Eur J Med Genet 2018; 61:524-530. [PMID: 29902589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Agenesis and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum (ACC and HCC) are heterogeneous group with a large variation in published prevalence based on few population based studies. The aim of this work is to describe prevalence, associated factors and other malformations present in cases with either agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, using a population-based database of all malformations diagnosed in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, (the Emilia-Romagna Registry on Congenital Malformations, IMER). This registry links and integrates hospital discharge records, birth certificates with cases reported by referral clinicians to identify all structural malformations diagnosed within one year of life regarding live birth, fetal death or termination of pregnancy due to fetal malformations (TOPFA). During the study period (1981-2015) the number of cases with ACC or HCC was 255, in a reference population of 1,023,784 live births, giving an overall prevalence of 2.49 per 10,000 (1.47 per 10,000 only live birth). After 1996, with the inclusion of TOPFA in IMER registry, the overall prevalence rate increase significantly from 1.42 to 3.03 cases per 10,000 birth (p-value<0.001). Prenatal diagnosis was made in 192 cases (75.3%), at a median gestational age of 20.7 [IQR: 19.71-22.71]. Termination of pregnancy occurred in 105 of the 255 cases (41,2%). Where a prenatal diagnosis was available, 55% of cases ended in TOPFA (105/192), with higher prevalence of cases associated to central nervous system malformations and multiple birth defects, and median gestational age at diagnosis significantly less than in live birth cases (20.3 vs 29 weeks). Agenesis/hypoplasia ratio was 5.7 (217/38). The most frequently associated malformations were musculoskeletal. Trisomies were the most frequent chromosomal anomalies, in particularly trisomy18 and 13 (respectively 9/32 and 4/32 cases). Our study showed an increased risk for male infants (RR of 1.68, RR 95% CI 1.19-2.37). No differences were detected analyzing maternal age and ethnicity, and the increased risk associated to preterm birth disappeared when compared with other malformed infants. This is one of the few population based studies dealing with prevalence of agenesis and hypoplasia of corpus callosum. Prevalence is still debated, but this study adds comprehensive data, in particular inclusion of TOPFA cases. Early prenatal diagnosis, not always possible, could be crucial for decision making regarding continuation of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ballardini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Section, Dep. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Pietro Marino
- Pediatric Section, Dep. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Maietti
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianni Astolfi
- IMER Registry (Emilia Romagna Registry of Birth Defects), Dep. of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Amanda J Neville
- IMER Registry (Emilia Romagna Registry of Birth Defects), Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Ferrara, Italy
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A Neuropsychological Profile for Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum? Cognitive, Academic, Executive, Social, and Behavioral Functioning in School-Age Children. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2018; 24:445-455. [PMID: 29510770 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617717001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC), characterized by developmental absence of the corpus callosum, is one of the most common congenital brain malformations. To date, there are limited data on the neuropsychological consequences of AgCC and factors that modulate different outcomes, especially in children. This study aimed to describe general intellectual, academic, executive, social and behavioral functioning in a cohort of school-aged children presenting for clinical services to a hospital and diagnosed with AgCC. The influences of age, social risk and neurological factors were examined. METHODS Twenty-eight school-aged children (8 to 17 years) diagnosed with AgCC completed tests of general intelligence (IQ) and academic functioning. Executive, social and behavioral functioning in daily life, and social risk, were estimated from parent and teacher rated questionnaires. MRI findings reviewed by a pediatric neurologist confirmed diagnosis and identified brain characteristics. Clinical details including the presence of epilepsy and diagnosed genetic condition were obtained from medical records. RESULTS In our cohort, ~50% of children experienced general intellectual, academic, executive, social and/or behavioral difficulties and ~20% were functioning at a level comparable to typically developing children. Social risk was important for understanding variability in neuropsychological outcomes. Brain anomalies and complete AgCC were associated with lower mathematics performance and poorer executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive report of general intellectual, academic, executive social and behavioral consequences of AgCC in school-aged children. The findings have important clinical implications, suggesting that support to families and targeted intervention could promote positive neuropsychological functioning in children with AgCC who come to clinical attention. (JINS, 2018, 24, 445-455).
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Abnormalities Associated With the Cavum Septi Pellucidi on Fetal MRI: What Radiologists Need to Know. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018; 210:989-997. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.17.19219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gobius I, Morcom L, Suárez R, Bunt J, Bukshpun P, Reardon W, Dobyns WB, Rubenstein JLR, Barkovich AJ, Sherr EH, Richards LJ. Astroglial-Mediated Remodeling of the Interhemispheric Midline Is Required for the Formation of the Corpus Callosum. Cell Rep 2017; 17:735-747. [PMID: 27732850 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the major axon tract that connects and integrates neural activity between the two cerebral hemispheres. Although ∼1:4,000 children are born with developmental absence of the corpus callosum, the primary etiology of this condition remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that midline crossing of callosal axons is dependent upon the prior remodeling and degradation of the intervening interhemispheric fissure. This remodeling event is initiated by astroglia on either side of the interhemispheric fissure, which intercalate with one another and degrade the intervening leptomeninges. Callosal axons then preferentially extend over these specialized astroglial cells to cross the midline. A key regulatory step in interhemispheric remodeling is the differentiation of these astroglia from radial glia, which is initiated by Fgf8 signaling to downstream Nfi transcription factors. Crucially, our findings from human neuroimaging studies reveal that developmental defects in interhemispheric remodeling are likely to be a primary etiology underlying human callosal agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Gobius
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Laura Morcom
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Suárez
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jens Bunt
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Polina Bukshpun
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - William Reardon
- National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - John L R Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Program and Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - A James Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Linda J Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Marsh APL, Edwards TJ, Galea C, Cooper HM, Engle EC, Jamuar SS, Méneret A, Moutard ML, Nava C, Rastetter A, Robinson G, Rouleau G, Roze E, Spencer-Smith M, Trouillard O, Billette de Villemeur T, Walsh CA, Yu TW, Heron D, Sherr EH, Richards LJ, Depienne C, Leventer RJ, Lockhart PJ. DCC mutation update: Congenital mirror movements, isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum, and developmental split brain syndrome. Hum Mutat 2017; 39:23-39. [PMID: 29068161 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) gene encodes the netrin-1 (NTN1) receptor DCC, a transmembrane protein required for the guidance of commissural axons. Germline DCC mutations disrupt the development of predominantly commissural tracts in the central nervous system (CNS) and cause a spectrum of neurological disorders. Monoallelic, missense, and predicted loss-of-function DCC mutations cause congenital mirror movements, isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), or both. Biallelic, predicted loss-of-function DCC mutations cause developmental split brain syndrome (DSBS). Although the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to disease remain poorly understood, they are thought to stem from reduced or perturbed NTN1 signaling. Here, we review the 26 reported DCC mutations associated with abnormal CNS development in humans, including 14 missense and 12 predicted loss-of-function mutations, and discuss their associated clinical characteristics and diagnostic features. We provide an update on the observed genotype-phenotype relationships of congenital mirror movements, isolated ACC and DSBS, and correlate this to our current understanding of the biological function of DCC in the development of the CNS. All mutations and their associated phenotypes were deposited into a locus-specific LOVD (https://databases.lovd.nl/shared/genes/DCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P L Marsh
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy J Edwards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Charles Galea
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics (D4), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen M Cooper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Saumya S Jamuar
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aurélie Méneret
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Moutard
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France.,UPMC, GRC ConCer-LD, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre de référence "Neurogénétique", Paris, France
| | - Caroline Nava
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Rastetter
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Gail Robinson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guy Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Megan Spencer-Smith
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oriane Trouillard
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Billette de Villemeur
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France.,UPMC, GRC ConCer-LD, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence "déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares", Paris, France.,INSERM U1141, Paris, France
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy W Yu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Delphine Heron
- UPMC, GRC ConCer-LD, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - Linda J Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christel Depienne
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Département de Médicine translationnelle et Neurogénétique, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Laboratoires de génétique, Institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Wegiel J, Flory M, Kaczmarski W, Brown WT, Chadman K, Wisniewski T, Nowicki K, Kuchna I, Ma SY, Wegiel J. Partial Agenesis and Hypoplasia of the Corpus Callosum in Idiopathic Autism. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:225-237. [PMID: 28395085 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that developmental anomalies of the corpus callosum (CC), contribute to the pathogenesis of autism, we characterized the type, topography, and severity of CC pathology corresponding to reduced CC areas that are detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the brains of 11 individuals with autism and 11 controls. In the brains of 3 autistic subjects, partial CC agenesis resulted in complete or partial lack of interhemispheric axonal connections in CC segments III-V. In these cases, a combination of focal agenesis and uniform axonal deficit caused reduction of CC areas by 37%, of axon numbers by 62%, and of the numerical density of axons by 39%. In the CC of 8 autistic subjects without agenesis, there was an 18% deficit of the midsagittal CC area, 48.4% deficit of axon numbers, and 37% reduction of the numerical density of axons. The significantly thinner CC, reduced CC area, and uniform axonal deficit in all autistic subjects were classified as CC hypoplasia. Thus, the byproduct of partial CC agenesis and hypoplasia is reduction of axonal connections between cortical areas known to be involved in behavioral alterations observed in people with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarek Wegiel
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Michael Flory
- Research Design and Analysis Services, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Wojciech Kaczmarski
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - W Ted Brown
- Human Genetics, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn Chadman
- Behavioral Pharmacology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Krzysztof Nowicki
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Izabela Kuchna
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Shuang Yong Ma
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Jerzy Wegiel
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
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Manganaro L, Bernardo S, De Vito C, Antonelli A, Marchionni E, Vinci V, Saldari M, Di Meglio L, Giancotti A, Silvestri E, Catalano C, Pizzuti A. Role of fetal MRI in the evaluation of isolated and non-isolated corpus callosum dysgenesis: results of a cross-sectional study. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:244-252. [PMID: 27992967 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to characterize isolated and non-isolated forms of corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) at fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to identify early predictors of associated anomalies. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 104 fetuses with CCD undergoing MRI between 2006 and 2016. Corpus callosum, cavum septi pellucidi, biometry, presence of ventriculomegaly, gyration anomalies, cranio-encephalic abnormalities and body malformations were evaluated. Results of genetic tests were also recorded. RESULTS At MRI, isolated CCD was 26.9%, the rest being associated to other abnormalities. In the isolated group, median gestational age at MRI was lower in complete agenesis than in hypoplasia (22 vs 28 weeks). In the group with additional findings, cortical dysplasia was the most frequently associated feature (P = 0.008), with a more frequent occurrence in complete agenesis (70%) versus other forms; mesial frontal lobes were more often involved than other cortical regions (P = 0.006), with polymicrogyria as the most frequent cortical malformation (40%). Multivariate analysis confirmed the association between complete agenesis and cortical dysplasia (odds ratio = 7.29, 95% confidence interval 1.51-35.21). CONCLUSIONS CCD is often complicated by other intra-cranial and extra-cranial findings (cortical dysplasias as the most prevalent) that significantly affect the postnatal prognosis. The present study showed CCD with associated anomalies as more frequent than isolated (73.1%). In isolated forms, severe ventriculomegaly was a reliable herald of future appearance of associated features. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Manganaro
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bernardo
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Amanda Antonelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Marchionni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Istituto Mendel, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Vinci
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Saldari
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Di Meglio
- Private Prenatal Diagnostic Centre 'Diagnostica ecografica Aniello Di Meglio s.r.l.', Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Giancotti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Silvestri
- Surgical Pathology Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Catalano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Istituto Mendel, Rome, Italy
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49
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Kim SE, Jang HI, Chang KHJ, Sung JH, Lee J, Lee J, Choi SJ, Oh SY, Roh CR, Kim JH. Clinical outcomes and neurodevelopmental outcome of prenatally diagnosed agenesis of corpus callosum in single center of Korea. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2017; 60:8-17. [PMID: 28217666 PMCID: PMC5313369 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2017.60.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With recent advances and frequent use of prenatal ultrasound, the antenatal diagnosis of agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is not rare in obstetrics practices. However, information regarding the long-term neurological outcome remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes of prenatally diagnosed ACC and to analyze postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes of ACC neonates born in our single center. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 56 cases of prenatally suspected ACC referred to our center. RESULTS Fifty-six fetuses were diagnosed with ACC, and 12 of those were followed-up in our center until delivery. Of the remaining 44, 7 were delivered after being referred back to the original hospital, 23 were lost to follow-up, and 14 had unknown outcomes. Among all 56, 29 were considered to have isolated ACC and 27 were considered to have non-isolated ACC. Of the 10 live fetuses delivered in our center, four had isolated ACC, three had non-isolated ACC, and the rest had outcomes unrelated to ACC. Neurodevelopmental outcome was followed-up until approximately age 3 years. Of the four with isolated ACC, three (75%) had normal neurodevelopmental outcomes. CONCLUSION Similar to other studies, the results of our single-center study included positive neurodevelopmental outcomes for those with isolated ACC. However, despite our endeavor to counsel patients with prenatally diagnosed ACC, the delivery rate in our center was quite low. Therefore, larger, multicenter, retrospective studies including long-term neurological development outcomes are crucial and urgently needed to provide better counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-In Jang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kylie Hae-jin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Sung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeehun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Joo Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-young Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheong-Rae Roh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Romaniello R, Marelli S, Giorda R, Bedeschi MF, Bonaglia MC, Arrigoni F, Triulzi F, Bassi MT, Borgatti R. Clinical Characterization, Genetics, and Long-Term Follow-up of a Large Cohort of Patients With Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum. J Child Neurol 2017; 32:60-71. [PMID: 27683483 DOI: 10.1177/0883073816664668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To gain a better understanding of the clinical and genetic features associated with agenesis of corpus callosum, we enrolled and characterized 162 patients with complete or partial agenesis of corpus callosum. Clinical and genetic protocols allowed us to categorize patients as syndromic subjects, affected by complex extra-brain malformations, and nonsyndromic subjects without any additional anomalies. We observed slight differences in sex ratio (56% males) and agenesis type (52% complete). Syndromic agenesis of corpus callosum subjects were prevalent (69%). We detected associated cerebral malformations in 48% of patients. Neuromotor impairment, cognitive and language disorders, and epilepsy were frequently present, regardless of the agenesis of corpus callosum subtype. Long-term follow-up allowed us to define additional indicators: syndromic agenesis of corpus callosum plus patients showed the most severe clinical features while isolated complete agenesis of corpus callosum patients had the mildest symptoms, although we observed intellectual disability (64%) and epilepsy (15%) in both categories. We achieved a definitive (clinical and/or genetic) diagnosis in 42% of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Romaniello
- 1 Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Susan Marelli
- 1 Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Roberto Giorda
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Maria F Bedeschi
- 3 Medical Genetic Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Pediatrics, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria C Bonaglia
- 4 Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Filippo Arrigoni
- 5 Neuroimaging Lab, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Fabio Triulzi
- 5 Neuroimaging Lab, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Maria T Bassi
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- 1 Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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